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Observations That Help Determine A Chemical Reaction

This document discusses chemical and physical changes, types of chemical reactions, writing chemical equations, and balancing chemical equations. It defines chemical changes as reactions where new substances are formed through making or breaking bonds. Physical changes only alter a substance's state or properties. Chemical reactions can be classified by factors like combination, decomposition, single/double displacement, redox, endo/exothermic, precipitation, and neutralization. Writing chemical equations involves using symbols for elements and formulas for compounds to represent the reactants and products. Balancing chemical equations ensures the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides as required by the law of conservation of mass.

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71 views

Observations That Help Determine A Chemical Reaction

This document discusses chemical and physical changes, types of chemical reactions, writing chemical equations, and balancing chemical equations. It defines chemical changes as reactions where new substances are formed through making or breaking bonds. Physical changes only alter a substance's state or properties. Chemical reactions can be classified by factors like combination, decomposition, single/double displacement, redox, endo/exothermic, precipitation, and neutralization. Writing chemical equations involves using symbols for elements and formulas for compounds to represent the reactants and products. Balancing chemical equations ensures the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides as required by the law of conservation of mass.

Uploaded by

Ahmed shakil
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ref: https://byjus.

com/cbse-notes/chemistry-notes-class-10-chapter-1/
Chemical change – one or more new substances with new physical and chemical properties are
formed.

Here, when copper sulphate reacts with iron, two new substances, i.e., ferrous sulphate and copper
are formed.

Physical change – change in colour or state occurs but no new substance is formed.
Example: Water changes to steam on boiling but no new substance is formed(Even though steam
and water look different when they are made to react with a piece of Na, they react the same way
and give the exact same products). This involves only a change in state (liquid to vapour).

Observations that help determine a chemical reaction


A chemical reaction can be determined with the help of any of the following observations:
a) Evolution of a gas
b) Change in temperature
c) Formation of a precipitate
d) Change in colour
e) Change of state

Chemical reaction
Chemical reactions are chemical changes in which reactants transform into products by making or
breaking of bonds (or both) between different atoms.

Types of chemical reactions


Taking into consideration different factors, chemical reactions are grouped into multiple categories.
Few examples are:
● Combination
● Decomposition
● Single Displacement
● Double displacement
● Redox
● Endothermic
● Exothermic
● Precipitation
● Neutralisation

Chemical Reactions and Equations I

Word equation
A  word equation is a chemical reaction expressed in words rather than chemical formulas. It helps
identify the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
For example,
Sodium + Chlorine → Sodium chloride
The above equation means: “Sodium reacts with chlorine to form sodium chloride.”

Symbols of elements and their valencies


A symbol is the chemical code for an element. Each element has one or two-letter atomic symbol,
which is the abbreviated form of its name.
Valency is the combining capacity of an element. It can be considered as the number of electrons
lost, gain or shared by an atom when it combines with another atom to form a molecule.

Writing chemical equations


Representation of a chemical reaction in terms of symbols and chemical formulae of the reactants
and products is known as a chemical equation.

• For solids, the symbol is “(s)”.


• For liquids, it is “(l)”.
• For gases, it is “(g)”.
• For aqueous solutions, it is “(aq)”.
• For gas produced in the reaction, it is represented by “(↑)”.
• For precipitate formed in the reaction, it is represented by “(↓)”.

Balancing of a Chemical Reaction

Conservation of mass
According to the law of conservation of mass, no atoms can be created or destroyed in a chemical
reaction, so the number of atoms for each element in the reactants side has to balance the number
of atoms that are present in the products side.
In other words, the total mass of the products formed in a chemical reaction is equal to the total
mass of the reactants participated in a chemical reaction.
Balanced chemical equation
The chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element in the reactants side is equal
to that of the products side is called a balanced chemical equation.

Steps for balancing chemical equations


Hit and trial method: While balancing the equation, change the coefficients (the numbers in front of
the compound or molecule) so that the number of atoms of each element is same on each side of
the chemical equation.

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