UNIT-I :CHEMICAL Study Time

SUBSTANCES
NATURE AND BEHAVIOUR
Maximum Time = 3 Hrs
Maximum Questions = 59

CHAPTER
CHEMICAL

1 REACTIONS
AND
EQUATIONS
FE Syllabus Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, balanced chemical equation, implications of a
baianced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: Combination, decomposition,
aisplacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions,
oxidation and reduction.

List of Topics
Topic-1: Chemical
Reaction and Equations
Chemical Reaction and Equations Page No. 1
Topic-1 Concepts Covered Chemical reaction and Topic-2: Types of
examples Skeletal and balanced chemical Chemical Reactions
equatlon Steps to balance a chemical equation. Page No. 5

Revision Notes
Chemical reaction The substances which take Scan to know
part in a chemical reaction more about
A chemical reaction is a process in which the this topic.
original substance(s) loses its nature and identity are called Reactants.
and forms new substance(s) with different The substances which are
properties. formed in a chemical reaction
Breaking of the chemical bonds and formation are called Products.
Jra
of new chemical bonds is responsible for the
occurrence of a chemical reaction. Chemical
Reactions
Achemical reaction can be identified by either of the following observations:
S. No. Characteristics Examples
1 Change in state The combustion reaction of candle wax is characterised by a change in state
from solid to liquid and gas.
2. Change in colour The chemical reaction between itric acid and purple coloured potassium
permanganate solution is characterised by a change in colour from purple
to coBouless.

3 Evolution of gas The chemical reaction between zinc and dilute sulphuric acid is characterised
by hydrogen gas. Zn(s) + H,SO,(aq) ’ ZnSO,(aq) + H,()
4 The reaction between quicklime and water to form slaked lime is
Change in temperature
characterised by an increase in temperature.
5 Formation of a When an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate is mixed with the aqueous
precipitate solution of barium chloride, barium sulphate comes in the form of white
precipitate
Na,SO, (aq) +BaCllag) BaSO,()+2NaCl(a4)
 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise &Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X
oxide
Magnesium
Temperature (ag)
equation Colour
State balanced
bodies, as
balancedwritten
mass ous
2Mp0 same first
of car
Effects
corrosion word of
consevationatoms beth elements
aque
ships, +0,’ remains (aq)
wasteful
prOcess write Magnesium
0sypen
+ (s)
maximum products solid
to bridges,
railings. to as
damage atoms aqueoUs of and
way 2Mg state
change
in of &
Simplest e-g., law with )
and Reactants
Causes a of liquid
Physical
is FollowsNo. Elements
Third
Level
It (g),
" e.g,
gas
as
Map
parts the eaction
In-words
write Level
Mind
Prevention
corrosion
of machine
to Reactions
How balance
the Second
greasing the
artices to reaction
Steps
Galvanization Trace
ironand
Level
PaintOiling
Corrosion First
" "

action

by
etc.
chemicals,
metals

of moisture,
Deterioration Rancidity
Oxidation
Reduction
/

Effects
of ChemAincd,a/
Reaction
Eauatio
º

air,
of

fat antioxidants
containers
and
Rancidity
oil Prevention
of tight
oxidation adding
air
Slow
by use
" "

Cu+H,0 02 H2
of of 2NaCllag) chemical
Types
of
Reduction Removal
Removl
Oxidation-Reduction 2H,0(0+Heat compounds.
reactions Cu(s)
H, H,, 0,, compounds active
+ of of + 2AgBr(s)>Agls)
+
Br,(g) +C0,(g) +
Cu0 Addition
Addition BYSO,(s) C(s)+0,g)’
co,g) compound endothermic
absorbed:
Energy
Enerry
released:
less
exothermic more >FeSO,(aq)
reactants solution
displacement
Double Combination
or + a
elements Endothermic Decomposition
Ca0(s)ortwo Displacement
displaces
"Reduction:
"Oxidation: BaCl,laq)’ 20,(g)>C0,(g)
new Exothermic
Heat
released Heat
absorbed
salt
2Cu0 or form
ions synthesie
Oxidation two to
CuSO,(aq)
its
element
from
of decomposes
0, Exchange Addition
of (s) metal
to reactive
+ Cac0,
2Cu + + +
NYzSO,(aq) CH,(g) Reactant Fels)More
 EQUATIONS 3
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND
Chemical equations equation
Achemical equation is the Skeletal chemical equation: A chemicalformulas of
symbolic representation the symbols and
of achemical reaction in the which simply represents reaction is
form of symbols and reactants and products taking part in
the
formulae.
It is away to known as skeletal chemical equation for a reaction.
represent the chemical reaction in a equation.
concise and informative way. Forexample:Mg + O,-’ MgO. It's askeletal
atoms of
Balanced Equation: The equation in which equation
For example,
various elements on both sides of a chemical
Magnesium + Oxygen ’ Magnesium oxide are equal in accordance with the law of conservation
(Reactants) (Product) of mass.
This equation is called word equation. For example:
The word equation can be written into chemical 340 atm
equation by writing symbols and formulae of the (i) COg) + 2H, (g) CH,OH)
substance in place of their name. (i) 6C0,(e) +6H,00)-sgcH,Os2) + 60, (g)
chlorophyll
2Mg + O,’ 2MgO Glucose
Writing a chemical equation The process of equalizing the atoms of various
A The symbols of elements and the formulae of elements both on either sides of an equation is called
reacting substances (reactants) are written on the the balancing of chemical equation. This is known as
left hand side of the equation, with a plus (+) hit and trial method. Let us understand this with the
sign between them. help of an example given below:
lii) The symbols and formulae of the substances
formed (products) are written on the right hand O-P Key Term
side of the equation, with a plus sign (+) between Law of conservation of mass: It states that,
them. "The matter can neither be created nor be destroyed
(üi) An arrow sign (’) is put between the reactants in achemical reaction.
and the products. " OR"
(iv) The physical states of the reactants and products the total mass of reactants = total mass of products".
are also mentioned in a chemical equation.

Example1
Balancing a chemical equation :
Step 1. Write the chemical equation.
Fe + 4H,0’ Fe,O, + H,
Step 2. Count the number of atoms of each element on both the sides of the chemical equation.
No. of atoms at No. of atoms at
Element reactant side product side
1 Fe 1 3
2. H 2 2
3.
in front of it.
Step 3. Equalize the number of the atoms of element which has the maximum number by putting
Fe + 4H,0’ Fe,0, + H,
Step 4. Try to equalize all the atoms of elements on reactant and product side by adding coefficient in front of it.
3Fe + 4H,0’ Fe,O, + 4H,
Now, all the atoms of elements are equal on both sides.
Step 5. Write the physical states of reactants and products.
3Fe (s) + 4H,0 () ’Fe,0, (s) + 4H, (g)
(aq)
Solid state = (s), Liquid state = Gaseous state (8), Aqueousstate =
(),
above or below the arrow.
catalyst at
Step 6. Write necessary conditions of temperature, pressure or

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Ans. Quick lime reacts with water vigorously to produce
Very Short Answer Type slaked lime and a large amount of heat.
Questions (1 mark each) CaO() + H,0() ’ Ca(OH),(44) + Heat
(Quick lime) (Slaked lime)
quick lime is
Q.1. Name the product formed wheninvolved. AD
added to water? Write the reaction
 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwisc &Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X
Q.2. The following chemical equation does not represent Ans. Sodium chloride and Hydrogen gas.
a chemical reaction that can take place. Q.4. List the changes that are observed when
1+1
dil.
is added to a small amount of copper oxide iHO
3Fe(s) + 4H,0 () ’ Fe,0,(s)
beaker. Write balanced chemical equation for
State what needs to be changed in the equation reaction.
above for it to represent the correct reaction
Ans, When dil HCl is added to a small amount of C
between Fe and H,0. KCFPQI ina beaker, a blue green colour is observed due
Q.3. Write a balanced chemical equation: Ap formation of copper chloride.
Pb (NO,), + KI ’ KN0, + Pbl, CuO + 2HCI’ CuC, + H,0
Ans.Balanced chemical equation: 1+1
0.5. What is meant by a chemical reaction ?
Pb (NO), (ag) + 2 Kl (ug) -> 2KNO, (a) + Pbl, (s) 1 with the help of an example. Explain
Short Answer Type
Commonly Made Error Questions-11 (3 marks each)
Students often fail to write the balanced
chemical equation. Q.1.1 gof copper powder was taken in a China dia
and heated. What change takes place on heatino)
When hydrogen is passed over the heated
substance, a visible change is seen in it. Give fh.
Answering Tip chemical equations of reactions. A
While writing the chemical reactions, students Ans. "A black colour is formed on the surface.
Heal
should balance each element. Practice writing a 2Cu +O, ’ 2CuO
balanced equation. Brown Copper Oxide; Black Colour %
Q.4. What does the symbol(aq) represent ina chemical " Original/brown colour is restored. Hydrogen
gas passed over the heated material (CuO)
equation? the black coating on the surface turns brown ax
Q.5. Write a balanced chemical equation for the process the reverse reaction takes place and copper is
of photosynthesis giving the physical states of all obtained.
the substances involved and the conditions of the ’ cutHeal
reaction. CuO +H, H0
Black Copper Brown
Ans. 6CO, (g) + 6H,0 ()’ C,H,,O, (aq) + 60,(3) 1
Q. 2. When a copper wire was left in silver nitrale
solution for sometime, it was observed that the
Short Answer Type solution turned bluish green.
Questions-I (2 marks each) (a) Explain the observation.
Q.1. Acdearsolution ofslaked lime is made bydissolving (b) Write the balanced chemical equation to
Ca(OH), in an excess of waler. This solution is left represent the change taking place.
exposed to air. The solution slowly goes milky as a O(Board Term-1, 2016]
faint white precipitate forms. Explain why a faint
white precipitate forms. Support your response Q.3. 2gof ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in adry
with the help of achemical equation. boiling tube.
K|Board SQP, 2022) (a) List any two observations.
Ans.Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide (b) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.
present in the atmosphere to form calcium (c) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.
carbonate which results in milkiness/white ppt. / K [Board Term-1, 2016]
formation of calcium carbonate. 1 Ans.(a) Two observations are:
Ca(OH), + CO, ’ CaC0, + H,0 1 (i) Change in state and colour.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2022] (i) Evolution of gas
Q.2. List any two observations when ferrous sulphate (b) Decomposition reaction
is heated in adry test tube. Ap [Board SQP, 2021] (c) 2FeSO,(s)
Heat
’ Fe,O,(s) + SO,(g) + SO,g)
Ans. (i) Initial light green colour changes to reddish 1+1+1
brown colour:
(ii) Colourless gas is evolved. Q.4. (a) Solution of a substance "X is used for testing
(ii) Gas with choking smell is evolved. (Any two)1+1 carbon dioxide. Write the equation of the reaction
Q.3. Identify the products formed when 1 mL of dil. of X' with carbon dioxide.
hydrochloric acid is added to 1 g of sodium metal? (b) How is 'X obtained? Write chemical equation.
Ap [Board SQP 2021] Ap (Board Term-l, 2015)
These Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
 EQUATIONS 5
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND
Ans.(a) Substance X-Calcium hydroxide. reactive than copper, displaces
(ü)Zinc being more compound and formns new
Ca(OH),(a4) + CO,) -’ CaCO,(s) + H,O0) copper from its d1splacement reaction
(White ppt.) product This is a
(ag)-ZnS0,(aq) + Cu(s)
(b)Calcium hydroxide is obtained by reaction of Zn(s) + CuSO,
calcium oxide and water. It is an exothermic (2inc
(copper
sulphate)
reaction. sulphate) 4+1
jodide is formed
CaO(s) +H,O) -’ Ca(OH),(a9) +Heat (b) Yellow colour of lead observations
1+2 reaction. State four
Q.5. Write the chemical equations involved in the Q. 2. Define a chemical determine that a chemical
which help us to each
following chemical reactions: one example of
reaction has taken place. Writechemical
(a) White washing. observation with a balanced equation.
(b) Black and white photography. GK(Board Term-1, 2016]
AD Ap lBoard Term-l, 2016) Concept Applied
Long Answer Type Characteristics of a chemical reaction.
equation for the
Questions (5 marks each) Q. 3. Write the balanced chemical
following: Carbon dioxide ’
0.1.(a) Mention with reason the colour changes (a) Calcium hydroxide +
observed when: Calcium carbonate + water
nitrate + Silver
(i) Silver chloride is exposed tosunlight. (b) Zinc+ Silver nitrate -’ Zinc
’ Aluminium
(ii) Apiece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate (c) Aluminium + copper chloride
solution.
chloride t copper dioxide
Carbon
Justify your answer by giving reactions involved. (d) Zinc carbonate ’Zincoxide + hydroxide +
(b) Name the colour of precipitate formed when (e) Potassium + water -’ Potassium
lead nitrate solution is added to potassium hydrogen ...

iodide solution?
Concept Applied
AO Ap |Outside Delhi Set -1,2020] Balancing a chemical equation.
Ans. (a) (i) When silver chloride is exposed to sunlight,
it decomposes to give silver metal and chlorine Ans. (a) Ca(OH), + CO,’ CaCO, + H,0
gas. In this reaction, white colour of silver (b) Zn + 2AgNO, ’ Zn (NO), + 2Ag
chloride changes to greyish white due to the (c) 2Al+ 3CuCl, ’ 2AICI, + 3Cu
formation of silver metal. This isaphotochemical (d) ZnCO, ’ ZnO + CO,
decomposition reaction. (e) 2K + 2H,0 ’ 2KOH + H,
sunlight
2AgCl(s) ’ 2Ag(s) +t Clh(g)

Types of Chemical Reactions

Concepts Covered Combination reaction " Decomposition reaction
Topic-2 "Displacement reaction Double displacement reaction Redox reaction
"Oxidation and reduction reaction Exothermic and endothermic reaction.

5 Revision Notes
Types of Chemical Reactions (ü) Respiration is also an exothermic reaction.
Combination Reaction: The reaction in which two or CH,0,aq) + 60,(g) ’ 6CO,(a)
more reactants combine to form a single product. (Glucose) + 6H,0() + energy
e.g..(i) Burning of coal II. Decomposition Reaction:
C(s) + O,( )’ CO,(g) The reaction in which a compound splits into two
(ü) Formation of water
or more simpler substances is called deconmposition
reaction.
2H,(g) + O,g) ’ 2H,0) A ’ B+ C
(iii) CaO(s) + H,0()’ Ca(OH), (ag) + Heat (a) Thermal decomposition: When decomposition
(Quick lhme) (Slaked lime) is carried out by heating.
Exothermic Reactions: Reaction in which heat is Heat
e.g, (i) 2FeSO,(s) Fe,0,(s) +
released along with formation of products.
(Ferrous sulphate) (Ferric oxide)
e-g.. (i) Burning of natural gas. Green colour Red-brown colour
CH,(¢) + 20,(g) -’ CO,(g) + 2H,0(g) SO,(g) + SO,(g)
+ Heat
Heat
(i)CaCO,(s) ’ CaO(s) + CO,(g)
(Lime stuone) (Quick lime)
O These Ourstons are for pradice and ther solutions are givrn at the emd of the chayter
 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, 8CIENCE, Class-X
(b) Electrolytic Decomposition: When decomposition Oxidation: It is a process of gaining Oxygen
is carried out by passing electricity. reaction by an atom, molecule or ion. duringa
Elcctric 2Cu + O, Heal, 2CuO
e.g, 2H,0) CuIrent 2H,(g) + O,(g)
Reduction: It is the gain ofelectrons or adecreau. t.
(o) Photolytic Decomposition: When decomposition the oxidation state of an atom by another
is carried out in presence of sunlight. ion or amolecule. atom,
at

e-g, (i) 2AgCl(s) Sunlight ’ 2Ag(s) + Cl,g) Cu) + H, Cu+ H,0

In this reaction, CuO is reduced to Cu and
(ii) 2AgBr(s) Sunl1ght 2Ag(s) + Br,()
oxidised to H,0. In other words, one reactant
Endothermic Reaction: The reactions which require oxidised while the other gets reduced. Such reac ges
energy in the form of heat, light or electricity to break are called oxidation-reduction reactions or
reactants are called endothermic reactions. reactions.
III. Displacement Reaction: The chemical reactions in Oxidation(Ch is oxidized)
which more reactive element displaces less reactive
element from its salt solution. MnO,(5) +4HCI(conc.) ’ Mn (aq) +Cl,(g) +2H0
e.g, (i) Fe(s) + CuS0,(aq) ’ FeSO,(aq) + Cu(s) Reduction (Mn is reduced)
(Iron) (Copper sulphate) (Ferrous sulphate) (Copper)
(ii) Zinc displaces copper forming zinc sulphate. Redox (0xidation and Reduction) Reaction :
Zn is more reactive than copper. Effects of oxidation reactions in everyday life :
Zn(s) + CuSO,(aq) -’ ZnSO,(ag) + Cu(s) 1. Corrosiori: Corrosion is a process in which metal.
(Zinc Sulphate) are deteriorated by action of air, moisture, chemicals
IV. Double Displacement Reaction: A reaction in which etc. It is a redox reaction where metal gets oxidised
new compounds are formed by mutual exchange of to metal oxide and oxygen gets reduced to oxide
ions between two compounds.
e.g, Na,S0,(aq) + BaCl,(aq) ’ BaSO,(5) ion.
(Sodium sulphate) (Barium chloride) (Barium sulphate)
Examples:
+ 2NaCl(ag)
(Sodium chloride) (a) Corrosion of iron is called rusting. Iron objects
White precipitate of BaSO, is formed, so it is also when left in moist open air for sometime get
called precipitation reaction.
V. Oxidation and Reduction: coated with a reddish brown powder. The
Oxidation: Loss of electrons process is known as rusting.
Reduction: Gain of electrons
(b) Green coating on copper articles and black
coating on silver ornaments are other examples
of corrosion.
Mnemonics
Effects of corrosion:
Concept: Types of decomposition reaction
Mnemonics: PET
(a) Rusting causes damage to ships, car bodies,
bridges, railings.
Interpretations:
Photolytic reaction, Electrolytic reaction, (b)Corrosion is a wasteful process because it leads to
Thermal reaction wastage of tonnes of various metals every year
Concept: Oxidation and reduction reaction and lot of money is spent to repair or replace it.
Mnemonics: OIL RIG
Prevention of Rusting:
Interpretations:
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons, (a) The iron articles should be painted.
Reduction Is Gain of electrons
(b) The machine parts should be oiled and greased.
Concept: Types of chemical reactions
Mnemonics: ROC.D (c) Galvanised iron pipes should be used for waler
Interpretations: supply.
Reduction, Oxidation, Combination, (d) Iron can be coated with chromium to prevent
Decomposition, Displacement, rusting.
Double Displacement
Concept: Preventive ways of rusting 2. Rancidity : Rancidity is the process of slow oxidation
iMnemonics: POGG of oil and fat, present in the food materials resulting
Interpretations: in the production of foul odour and taste in them.
Painting Oiling Greasing Galvanising When cooked food items are placed for a long
time, they become rancid and unsuitable for the
consumption.
 7
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS
Rancidity can be prevented Iby the
(4) Storingthe food in refrigerator. following ways: (c) Addition of anti-oxidants to food.
gas, such as
b) Storing the food in air-tight container (d) Storing the food in flush bags withprocess.
nitrogen to prevent the oxidation

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Very Short Answer Type Ans. (i) CuO (s) + H, (8) Heat
’ Cu(s) + H,O (g)
Questions (1 mark each) 1+1
(ii) Redox reaction
chloride when kept in open turns grey.
0.1. Silver [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
1lustrate this with a balancedthe
chemical equation. Q. 2. What is a combination reaction? Slate one example
AOu|sQr 2020-21| giving balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
Concept Applied
Ans. Areaction in which two or more simpler substances
Decomposition reaction. combine to form a single product.
Ans.It happens because silver chloride decomposes in Example: C+O, Co,
presence of sunlight. 1
Sunlight 2H, + O,’ 2H,0 1+1 (Any one)
2AgCl(s) ’ 2Ag(s) + Clh )
Q.3. 1dentify the displacement and the double
a Wite the balanced chemical equation of any displacement reaction from the following reactions.
one reaction that CANNOT be classified as i) HCl(a4) + NaOH(a) ’ NaCl(a4) + H,0 ()
combination, decomposition, simple displacement (ü) Fe(s) + CuSO,(aq) ’ FeSO,(a4) + Cu(s)
or double displacement. Ans. (i) Double displacement reaction (ü) Displacement
1+1
OAp |CEPQ) reaction
0.3. Give reason why do chips manufacturers usually Q.4. Trupti mixes an aqueous solution of sodium
Aush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen ? sulphate (Na,SO,) and an aqueous solution of
ADUBoard Term-1, Set (12), 2011] copper chloride (CuClL). Will this lead to a double
displacement reaction? Justify your answer.
|DDE, 2017] A[CFPQJ
Concept Applied Q.5. What is a redox reaction? When a magnesium
Rancidity. ribbon burns in the air with a dazzling flame
and forms a white ash, is magnesium oxidized or
reduced? Why? K
Ans. To prevent the oil and fats of the chips from being Ans. The reactionsin which oxidation (loss of electrons)
oxidized or become rancid. 1
and reduction (gain of electrons) take place
Q.4. Write achemical equation for double displacement simultaneously are called redox reactions.
reaction. Ap |DDE, 20171, |Board Term, 2011) 2Mg(s) + O,(g) ’ 2MgO(s)
Ans. Double displacement Reaction: Magnesium Oxygen Magnesium oxide
Na,SO,(a4) +BaCl,(aq) ’BaSO,(s) + 2NaCl(aq)1 Magnesium is getting oxidised because it is losing
electrons to form Mg* and oxygen is gaining
electrons to form 0, therefore it is getting
Commonly Made Error reduced. 1+1

Students often commit errors while writing

the reactants and the products of a chemical
Short Answer Type
Questions-II (3 markseach)
equation.

Answering Tip
Q.1. A BO AC) +(B)
Practice writing the balanced equation with (AB +(CD) AC +(BD
correct reactants and products.
Identify the types of reaction mentioned above in
Short Answer Type (i) and (i). Give one example for each type in the
Questions-I (2marks each) form of abalanced chemical equation.
Q.1. When hydrogen gas is passed over heated copper A[CBSE SQP 2022]
() oxide, copper and steam are formed. Write the Ans. (i) Displacement reaction
balanced chemical equation with physical states
chemical Fe(s) + CuSO (aq) ’FeSO,(aq) + Cu(s)
tor this reaction. State what kind of
reaction is this? U Zn(s) + CuSO (aq) ZnSO,(aq) + Cu(s)
Ihese Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
 OswaalCBSE Question Bank Chapterwise &Topicwise, SCIENCE, CIass-X
Pb(s) + CuCl,(aq)’ PbCl,(ag) + Cu(s) (c) Blue to colourless
(Any one of the reaction or other displacement Reason : Zinc sulphate is formed.
reaction.) [1 CDSE Marking Scheme, 20201
(i) Double displacement reaction Detailed Answer :
Na,SO,(a4) + BaCly(ag)’ BaSO,(9) + (a) When silver chloride is exposed to
2NaCl(ag)
(1]
it decomposes to give silver melal and sunlight,
chlorine gas. In this reaction, white
(Any one of the reaction or other double of silver chloride changes to grayish whicolour
displacement reaction.) due to the formation of silver metal. This te
(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2022) photochemical decomposition reaction.
Q.2. Mention with reason the colour changes observed Sunlight
’ 2Ag(s) + Cl,(g)
when 2AgCl(s)
(b) When copper powder is heated in the
(a) Silver chloride is exposed to sunlight.
of oxygen, the surface of copper presence
(b) Copper powder is strongly heated in the
presence of oxygen. becomes coated with black copper oxide.powder
Heat
(c) Apiece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate 2Cu + O, 2CuO
solution. ACBSE Board 2020) This is an oxidation reaction.
Ans.
(c) Zinc being more reactive than copper, displaes
(a) White to grey copper from its compound and forns new
Reason : Silver chloride decomposes to produce product. This is a displacement reaction.
silver and chloride. Zn(s) + CuSO,(aq) ’ ZnsO,(a4) + Cu(s)
(b) Brown to black (Copper sulphate) (Zinc sulphate)
Reason : Copper oxide is produced on heating.
Q.3. ldentify the type of each of the following reactions.
Also write balanced chemical equation for each reaction.
(a) A
reaction in which the reaction mixture becomes warm.
(b) Areaction in which an insoluble subslance is formed. A|Outside Delhi, Set- 1, 20201
Ans.

Topper Answer, 2020

I5i rhirmie nadisn.

Cao Hg0 ’ Ca(0M), hat.
quuat lina
|Preipitalinnaclkin (deule diplament hacin)
PB(No,), + KI PBI KNO,
Q.4. You might have noted that when copper powder is heated in achina dish, the reddish brown surface of copper
powder becomes coated with a black substance.
(a) Why has this black substance formed ?
(b) What is this black substance?
(c) Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place.
(d) How can the black coating on the surface be turned reddish brown? Ap [Outside Delhi Set-I, 2019)
Ans.

Topper Answer, 2019

TRÀ blach. Aubatanee haa atn poumed due to the
 EQUATIONS 9
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND

Heat
2Cu0 )
Coppeu (uom Copponidy

the blaeA

Ceet H,0(4)
Copplu
oxide
Wate

fBtaa) 3

o.5. What would you observe on adding zinc granules to freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solutionU?|Board
Give reason
2019)
for vour answer.

Concept Applied
Displacement reaction.
....

Ans.

Topper Answer, 2019

FeSoy)t Zn)cispaRMent Zn SOub+ fe (s)

Zino Zinc feuus
Granults

Zine beisg meueaetua taas ieuaa diklacea it

". fe powlen can bu obsened

Q. 6.2 g of silver chloride is taken in achina dish and

the china dish is placed in sunlight for sometime.
Commonly Made Error
What will be your observation in this case ? Write
the chemical reaction involved in the form of a
balanced chemical equation. ldentify the type of Students often write unbalanced equation
chemical reaction. U|Board Delhi, Set- 1, 2019] which leads to deduction of marks.

Concept Applied
Photolytic decomposition reaction.
Ans, " White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight 1 Answering Tip
Sunlight ’ 2Ag + Cl, Ensure every equation written is balanced.
" 2AgCl
"Decomposition reaction/Photolytic decomposition
1

CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]

 Chapterwise &Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X
Oswaal CBSE Question Bank
10
(a) What type of reaction takes place?
set up in which
Q. 7. The diagram below shows the (b) Explain why this is
an
example of
electrolysis of water takes place. endothermic reaction?
Test tubes (c) The test tube containing hydrogen is
Hydrogen Oxygen
carefully from the apparatus. Alit match
is brought near the mouth of this test
renmoved
slick
Cathode Anode gas burns
Write the
with an explosive
balanced chemical
"pop" tube.The
sound,
Glass
this reaction and indicate whetherequation foris
container
Rubber
absorbed or released. energy
Q. 8. Decomposition reactions require energy
stopper
the form of heat or light or electricity for cither
in
to Direct current
to Source
down the reactants. Write one equation each
decomposition reactions where energy iss
breaking
in the form of heat, light and electricity. supplied
KIDelhi/Outside Delhi, 20181
Topper's Answer, 2019

Ans.

(enm)onid (aulhu
bram talamsd) dinde)

Paoto dopoaitiau aiau

Commonly Made Error Answering Tip

Usually students get confused regarding the Keenly observe the necessary conditions for
necessary conditions and liberation of gases in the reactions during practical. Prepare a list of
the reaction.
type of decomposition reactions, its necessary
conditions and gases released and practise it.

AThs guestion is for practice and ts solution is available at the end of the chayter.
 AND EQUATIONS 11
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
reaction in the
Identify the type of chemical
Long Answer Type Q. 2. define each of them:
Questions following statements and
(5 marks each) our body.
(a) Digestion of food in
Definecorrosion.
0. 1.(a)Whatis corrosion of iron called ? (b) Rusting of iron. aluminium
(b) Heating of manganese dioxide with
recognise the corrosion of silver ? (c)
(c) How will you powder.
Why corrosion of iron is aserious problem ? sulphate solution disappears
(d) Blue colour of copper
iol How can we prevent corrosion of iron ? when iron filings are added to
it.
sodium
acid is added to
ADK|Board Ternm-l, 2016] (e) Dilute hydrochloric sodium chloride and
|NCERT 2017] hydroxide solution to form
Ans.(a) Corrosion 0s a process in which metals are water. AD |Board Term-l, 2016)
O
deteriorated by action of air, moisture, chemicals, Concept Applied
etc.
Types of reactions.
(b) Rusting. each of decomposition
ic) Silver - black, copper green. Q3. (a) Write one example for
t causes destruction of car bodies, bridges, reaction carried out with help of
railing, etc. (Any two) (i) Electricity (ii) Heat (ii) Light
le) By Painting, alloying greasing, etc. (Any two) statements is correct
(b) Which of the following
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 5 and why?
silver nitrate.
Copper can displace silver from
coppersulphate
Commonly Made Errors II. Silvercan displace copperfrom
solution. Ap
Students often fail to write the correct definition
of corrosion. Ans. (a) (i) 2H,0 electridly 2H, (e) + O,
They often write incorrect ways to control
(ii) CaCO, Heat CaO + CO
corrosion.
Sunlight 2Ag + Br, 1+1+1
(iüi) 2AgBr
(b) Statement I is correct.
Answering Tip Copper can displace silver from AgNO, as copper is
Carefully learn the concept of corrosion with more reactive than Ag.
2
examples. Cu + 2AgNO,(aq) -’ Cu(NO), (aq) + 2Ag (s)

COMPETENCY AND CRITICAL

THINKINGBASED QUESTIONS
These questions have beenspeciallydeveloped as per the latest typologies prescribed byCBSE in accordance with NEP 2020.
Which of the following is the correct observation
LEVEL-1: Objective of the reaction shown in the above set up?
(A) Brown powder of Magnesium oxide is formed.
Type uestions (B) Colourless gas which turns lime water milky is
(1 Marks each) evolved.
(C) Magnesium ribbon burns with brilliant white
[A] Multiple Choice Questions light.
(D) Reddish brown gas with a smell of burning
Q.1. Sulphur has evolved. KBoard SQr, 2022]
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Tong Explanation: When apiece of magnesium ribbon is
ignited, light and heat are produced. Magnesium
Magnesium ribbon on burning in air is an exothermic reaction.
ribbon Q.2. On plecing acopper coin in atest tube containing
Watch-glass green ferrous sulphate solution, it will be observed
Burner that the ferrous sulphate solution:
-Magnesium
oxide (A)Turns blue, and a grey substance is deposited
on the copper coin.

O Ths question is for practice and its solution is available at the end of the chapter.
12 Onwaal CHSE QIention Hnk Chaplerwine & Toplcwine, 8CIENCE, Clans X

(0) Tuscokourkess andagrey substance is deosiled (C) MnO, is oxidized to MnCl, & HClis reducod
0n the copper coin.
() Tums colourless and a tedldih brown substance (D) MnO, is Oxidized to MnCl, &HCI is
is depoited on the opper on I,0. reduced20221o
|Board 5QP,
(D) Remains green witlh no hange in the copper Ans. Option (B) is correct.
B(Board SOP, 2022) Explanation: (0) Here, HCI is oxidised to Cl, and
Ans, Option (D) is correct. Mn0, is reduced to MnCl,.
Explunation: Iron is more reactive han copper. (i) The reaction in which oxygen is either gained.
lence, Cuwill not displace iron rom iron sulphate; hydrogen is lost by a substance is called
hence, no reactionwill Lake place.
0.3. Astudent took sodium sulphate solution in atest
reaction. oxidation
tube and added barium chloride solution to it. He The reaction inwhich hydrogen is gained or oxyoo
observed that an insoluble substance has formed.
is lost by a substance is called reduction reaction
The colour and molecular formula of the insoluble 0.7. The pair(s) which will show displacement reaction
substance is: [Board Term I, 2022] is/are
(B) Yellow, Ba(50)2 (i) NaCl solution and copper metal.
(A) Grey, Ba,S0,
(C) Whitc, BaSO, (D) Pink, BaSO, A (ii) AgNO, solution and copper metal.
Ans. Option (C) is correct. (i)Al,(SO,), solution and magnesium metal.
Explanation: On adding a solution of barium (iv) ZnS0, solution and iron metal.
chloride to sodium sulphate solution, a while colour (A) (i) only (B) (ii) and (iii)
precipitate of barium sulphate is formed along with (C) (ii) and (iv) (D) () and (ii)
the formation of sodium chloride salt. The chemical
reaction is as follows: U
[Board Term-l, 20211
BaCl,uq) +Na,s(0,(an) -> BaS0,(6) +2NaCI(aq) Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Barium Sodium SodiumBarium Explanation: Adisplacement reaction is a chemical
chlonde sulphate sulphate chloride reaction in which a more reactive element displaces
Q.4. Which of the following is an example of simple a less reactive element from its compound. Since.
displacement reaction? Cu is more reactive than Ag; it can displace Ag
(A) The electrolysis of waler from its nitrate solution and show a displacemeni
reaction.
(B) The burning of mnethane
(C) The reaction of a metal with an acid AgNO,(a4) + Culs) ’ Cu(NO,)laq) + 2Ag(s)
(D) The rcaction of (w0 solutions to form a Similarly, magnesium being more reactive than
precipitate. OK (CFPO) aluminium displaces it from its sulphate solution.
Q.5. In which of the following, the identity of initial Al,(SOJ),(a4) + 3Mg(s) -’ 3MgSO,(aq) + 2Al(;)
substance remains unchanged ? Q. 8. In the reaction of iron with copper sulphate
(A) Curdling of milk solution:
(B) Formation of crystals by process ofcrystallisation CuSO, + Fe ’ Cu + FeSO,
(C) Fermentation of grapes Which option in the given table correctly represents
(D) Digestion of food the substance oxidised and the reducing agent?
K|Outside Delhi, Set-I, 2020) Option Substance Reducing Agent
Ans. Option (B) is correct. Oxidized
Explanation: During the formation of crystals by (A) Fe Fe
process of crystallisation, the identity of the initial
(B) Fe FeSO,
substance remains unchanged. It merely gets
crystallised. However, in the process of curdling (C) Cu Fe
of milk, the initial substance which is used gets CuSO, Fe
(D)
changed as the milk gets converted into curd.
In the fermentation of grapes process, the initial
substance, grapes change into an alcoholic beverage. Ans. Option (A) is correct.
In the process of digestion of food, the initial Explanation: In the equation oxygen is being
substance food gets digested to give essential removed from CuSO, and is added to Fe, therefore,
nutrition and energy to our body. Fe is undergoing oxidation where Fe is the reducing
Q. 6. In the redox reaction, choose the correct statement. agent.
Reduction
MnO, + 4HCI ’ MnCl, + 2H,0 + CI,
(A)MnO, is reduced to MnCl, &HCl is oxidised to
H,0. CuSO,+F’Cu+FeSo,
(B) MnO, is reduced to MnCl, &HCl is oxidised to Oxidation
Cl,.
This question is for practice and its sol1 tion is available at the end of the chapter
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS
13
the correct option from the
Q9.lddentifyrepresents true and
which the type of given table (A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are
in step 1 and step 2.
reactions occurring reason (R) is the correct explanation
of assertion
Heated (A).
Limestone true but
’ x+CO, (B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are
Step 1 of
reason (R) is not the correct explanation
+ H,0 assertion (A).
Step 2 (C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A)is false but reason (R) is true.
Slaked lime
Q. 1. Assertion (A): In the given equation, 'X stands
Option Endothermic Exothermic for 2.
X
(A) 3Fe +XH,0’Fe,0,+4H,
(B) Reason (R): To balance an equation, the number of
(C) atoms of each element should be same on both the
sides.
U
(D) X

F
Ans.Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: To balance the given equation the
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
number of atoms of each element should be same
Explanation: When limestone is heated, it absorbs
heat(endothermic) and decomposes to form calcium on both the sides. Hence, the 'X value should be 4.
oxide. When water is added to this calcium oxide 3Fe+4H,0-’Fe,0,+4H,
dime), calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH),, ie., slaked lime Q.2. Assertion (A): Reaction between quicklime and
is formed. This is an exothermic reaction. water to form slaked lime is characterised by increase
Heat absorbed CaO + CO,
Limestone in temperature.
Calcium Oxide Reason (R): Increase in temperature indicates that
Step 1
the chemical reaction is taking place. U
H,0
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Step 2 Explanation: The chemical reaction between quick
.

Slaked lime +Heat Released lime and water is highly exothermic, ie, heat evolved
Ca(OH), during this process. Several observations indicate a
chemical reaction has occurred. One of them is an
0.10. Which of the following reactions is a neutralisation
reaction? increase or decrease in temperature.
Q.3. Assertion (A): Silver bromide decomposition is
(A) 4Na + O,’ 2Na,0
(B) Fe + 2HCI ’ FeCl, + H, used in black and white photography.
Reason (R): Light provides energy for this exothermic
(C) MgO + H,0’ Mg(OH), reaction. UBoard SQP 2022]
(D) HNO, + NaOH’ NaNO, + H,0 Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Ans. Option (D) iscorrect. Explanation: Silver bromide is used in black and
Explanation: The reaction of an acid with a white photography as it undergoes decomposition
base form salt and water is a neutralization reaction when exposed to light to give silver and
reaction. Hence, the reaction of HNO, (acid) with bromine. This reaction is also known as photolysis
NaOH (base) to form NaNO, (salt) and water is a reaction. It is not an exothermic reaction.
neutralization reaction. 0.4. Assertion (A): Decomposition of vegetable matter
Q.11. Which of the following reactions is an endothermic intocompost is an endothermic reaction.
reaction? Reason (R): Decomposition reaction involves
(A) Burning of coal. breakdown of a single reactant into simpler
(B) Deconmposition of vegetable matter into products.
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
compost.
(C) Process of respiration. Explanation: The decomposition of vegetable
(D) Decomposition of calcium carbonate to form
matter into compost is an exothermic reaction as
quick lime and carbon dioxide. energy is released. Also, in decomposition reaction,
ABoard SQP, 2020] single reactant breaks down into simpler products.
0.5. Assertion (A): Carbon dioxide turns lime water
milky.
B Assertion &Reason Reason (R): Carbon dioxide sullies the water.
Q.6. Assertion (A): Chips manufacturers usually flush
Directions: In the following questions, a statement bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen.
statement of
of assertion (A) is followed by a Reason (R): Nitrogen gas prevents the oil and fats
reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: of the chips from being oxidized. Ap
the end of thechapter.
ese Qnestions are for practice and their solutions are given at
 X
14 OswaalCHSE Quention Bank Chapterwise &Topicwise, 8CIENCE, Clasa
(A)15-20 min (B) 10-15 min
Ans. Option (A) is corect.
Eplanation: Chips manutacturers usually flush (C) 5-10 min (D) 0-5 min
bags of chips with gAN NUch as nitrogenoxidized or Ans. Option (D) is correct.
he oil and ats of the chips (rom being Explanation: The maximum decomposition is
become rancid. the pressure is maximum.
As we can see
in when
that from 0to 5 nminutes, he pressure gaph
LEVEL-&: Case Based from 0 to 0.625 atm.
0.3. Gas A, obtained above is a reactant for a
increases
Questions (4 Marks each)
important biochemical process which very
occurs
the presence of sunlight. ldentify the name of in
[A] Case based MCas process
(A) Respiration (B) Photosynthesis
Attempt any 4sub-parts from each question. Each (C) Transpiration (D) Photolysis
sub-part carries 1mark. Ans. Option (B) is correct.
I. Read the following and answer any four questions Explanation: When CaCO, is heated, the
from Q.1. o Q.5. CHSE OB 2021)
Marble's popularity began in ancient Rome and
reaction takes place:
CaCO, CaO + CO,
fol owing
Greece, where white and off-white marble were The gas evolved is carbon dioxide, which is uilised
in the process of photosynthesis.
0.4. Marble statues are corroded or stained in
water. ldentify the main reason.
1908.1969

used to construct a variety of structures, from hand

held sculptures to massive pillars and buildings.
Q.1. The substance not likely to contain CaC0, is:
(A) Dolomite (A)Decomposition of calcium carbonate to caldum
(B) A marble statue oxide.
(C) Calcined gypsum (B) Polluted water is basic in nature hence it reacts
with calcium carbonate.
(D) Sea shells. (C) Polluted water is acidic in nature hence it reacts
Ans. Option (C) is correct. with calcium carbonate.
Explanation: The composition of gypsum is CaSO, (D)Calcium carbonate dissolves in water to give
2H,0. It does not have CaCO,. calcium hydroxide.
0.2. Astudent added 10 g of calcium carbonate in a Ans. Option (C) is correct.
rigid container, secured it ightly and started to Explanation: Chemically, marble is Calcium carbonale.
heat it. After some time, an increase in pressure The atmosphere contains many oxides, which
was observed, the pressure reading was then dissolve in water forming acids like sulphuric; nitric
noted at intervals of 5minutes and plotted against etc., which are common due to pollution. Even
time, in a graph as shown below. During which carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid which also does
time interval did maximum decomposition took
place? damage.
These will react with marble and result in formation
1.25
of calcium salt, carbon dioxide and water. So, under
(atm)
Pressure extended periods, the wear of marble statues is
1.00 expected.
0.5. Calcium oxide can be reduced to calcium, by
u 0.75 heating with sodium metal. Which compound
would act as an oxidizing agent in the above
0.50 process?
(A) Sodium
0.25 (B) Sodium oxide
() Calcium
10 15 (D) Calcium oxide
Time5 (in min.)
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 15

isExolanation:
A
an oxidizing substance
agent.
that undergoes reduction
Here, the exhaust stack of moving trucks on the road.
and undergoing reduction. So,CaOCaO
is losing oxygen
is the oxidizing
Choose the correct reason for the production of
black smoke:
agent.
(A) Limited supply of air leads to incomplete
Oxidizing agent combustion of fuel.
CaO -’ C£ +O, (B) Rich supply of air leads to complete combustion
IL. Read the following and of fuel.
from Q.1. to Q.5.
answer any four questions (C) Rich supply of air leads to a combination
Chemistry in Automobiles:
(CBSE QB 2021] reaction.

For an internal (D) Limited supply of air leads to complete

combustion engine to
vehicle down the road, it must convert themove a
combustion of fuel.
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
stored in the fuel into mechanical energy toenergy Explanation: The limited supply of air leads to
the wheels. In your car,the drive incomplete combustion of fuel, which in turn leads
distributor and battery
provide this starting energy by creating an electrical to the production of black smoke.
"'spark",which helps in combustion of fuels like Q.5. 'Although nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the
atmosphere, it does not take part in combustion'.
gasoline. Below is the reaction depicting complete ldentify the correct reason for this statement.
combustion of gasoline in full supply of air: (A) Nitrogen is a reactive gas.
2C"H,ll) + 250,(g)16X + Y (B) Nitrogen is an inert gas.
0.1. Whichof the following are the products obtained (C) Nitrogen is an explosive gas.
from the reaction mentioned in the above case? (D) Only hydrocarbons can take part in combustion.
Product'X* Product 'Y E Ans. Option (B) is correct.
(A) CO, H,0, Explanation: The triple bond in nitrogen too
(B) H,0 CO strong to be broken and hence it is an inert gas
(C) CH,0H H,0 which does not take part in combustion.
(D) CO, H,O [B] Case Based Subjective
Ans. Option (D) is correct. Questions
Explanation: The complete combustion of gasoline
in full supply of air results in production of carbon I.Whenever lime is mixed with water we get a clear
dioxide and water. The chemical reaction is as solution and on touching the tube it feels hot. That
is lime when mixed with water undergoes certain
follows: physical changes that make it evolve heat and give
2C,Hys () + 250,(g) 16C0,\g) +18H,0g) aclear solution. Similarly, the iron articles undergo
Q.2.Identify the types of chemical reaction occurring physical changes and develop a layer of rust on
their surface. It reacts with the oxygen present in air
during the combustion of fuel: and moisture and develops rust (hydrated iron (m)
(A) Oxidation and Endothermic reaction oxide). These are all chemical reactions. Achemical
(B) Decomposition and Exothermic reaction reaction can be categorised into several types. The
(C) Oxidation and Exothermic reaction following diagram displays a chemical reaction.
(D) Combination and Endothermic reaction Observe carefully and answer the questions given
below. C
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: The addition of oxygen to a substance
or removal of hydrogen from a substarnce is called
oxidation. The reaction in which the heat energy is
produced is called exothermic reaction.
Q.3.On the basis of evolution/absorption of energy,
which of the following processes are similar to
combustion of fuel?
(i) Photosynthesis in plants
(ii) Respiration in the human body
(ii) Decomposition of vegetable matter
(iv) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate.
(A) (ü) and (iüi) (B) (1) and (i)
(C) (üi) and (iv) (D) (i) and (i)
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: The process of respiration in the
human body and decomposition of vegetable -Silver
matter involves evolution of energy. chloride
Q.4.A student while walking on the road observed
that a cloud of black smoke belched out from
16 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise &Topicwise, 8CIENCE, Class: X
Q.1. ldentify the type of chenmical reaction that will 0.1. At what time is the reaction rate he
take place and define it. 1 flask? fastest in he
Q.2. How will the colour of the salt change? 1 Competency: Interpreting Dala &
Scientifically
Q.3.Write the balanced chemical equation of the
reaction that takes place. Q.2. The reaction is repeated with
magnesiumthe Evidence
Q.4. Mention one commercial use of this salt. Name
another silver salt which behaves like silver
in place of magnesium ribbon under
conditions. Will the reaction rate powsameder
chloride in sunlight.
Ans. 1. Photochemical decomposition reaction: The
1 deerease? Explain your answer with
the volume of hydrogen formed in increase
therefeflreanskce to
or
reactions in which a compound breaks down minutes.
into simple substances in presence of light are Competency: Interpreting Data &

rate Evidence
called photochemical decomposition reaction. 1 Scientifically
2. When silver chloride is exposed to sunlight, it Q.3. Which of these could increase the of
decomposes to give silver metal and chlorine
gas. In this reaction, white colour of silver
chloride changes to greyish white due to the
in the flask? Circle Yes' or N¡' for each row
Willthis increase the rate of
Teaction
formation of silver metal.
reaction? Yes or
No
3. The decomposition reacion of silver chloride into Adding more acid to the flask
silver and hlorine by light can be depicted as: Heating the acid in the flask YesNo
2AgCl (s) sunlight
’ 2Ag (s) + Cl, (g)
4. Silver bromide gives silver metal and
1 Using a higher concentration of
acid
YesNo
Yes/No
bromine gas on photolytic decomposition. Competency: Evaluating & Designing Sciens.
Decomposition reactions of silver chloride and
silver bromide in presence of sunlight are used Enquiry
in black and white photography. Q.4. Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to f
2AgCl(s) ’ 2Ag(s) +CI,8) magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. Wie
2AgBr ’ 2Ag + Br, 1
balanced chemical equation to show the reacion
II. A piece of magnesium ribbon is added to a flask Competency: Explaining Phenomena Scientifical.
Ans. 1. The rate of reaction is fastest at 1 minute. Who
containing dilute hydrochloric acid. Hydrogen
gas is formed which is collected in the measuring magnesium ribbon reacts with hydrochlon
cylinder. The amount of hydrogen formed with acid, magnesium chloride will be formed and
hydrogen gas is liberated.
time is plotted on a graph. The line on the graph
indicates the rate of chemical reaction occurring in Mg (s) + 2HCI(aq) -’ MgCl, (aq) +H, ()
the flask. [SAS] 2. Powdered Mg has the greater surface area 8
compared to that of Mgribbonand the increased
Magnesium surface area allows the better interacion with
ribbon plus Measuring cylinder sulphuric acid and hence reaction rate will
dilute
hydrochloric
Hydrogen bubbles increase. Therefore, the volume of hydrogen
acid EWater formed at 2minutes will be higher.
3
Reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid Willthis increase the rate of Yes or
40 reaction? No
30 Adding more acid to the flask. No
Volume of Heating the acid in the flask Yes
hyrogen 20
(cm2) Using a higher concentration of acid Yes
0
4 The balanced chemical equation is:
0
1 4 Mg (s) + 2HCI (aq) -’ MgCl, (aq) + H, (g)
Time (minutes)

Solutions for Practice Questions (Topic-1)

Very Short Answer Type Questions Short Answer Type Questions-l
Ans. 2: The water should be in the form of steam, not Ans. 5 : Chemical reactions are the processes in which,
1 new substances with new properties are formed.
liquid. For example: When magnesium ribbon is heated,
Ans. 4: The symbol (aq) represents an aqueous solution it burns in air to form a white powder caled
in achemical equation. 1
magnesium oxide.
 EQUATIONS 17
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND
Short.Answerr Type Questions-ll
Copper is more Long Answer Type Questions
Ans.2: (a)
when copPper
reactive than silver. Hence,
wireeis dippedlin Ans. 2. Process in which new
substances with new
silver rearrangement of
displacessilver from AgNO, solutionnitrate solution, it properties are formed by the
nitratewhichh
is bluish green in colour. forming copper atoms.
reaction between
2AgNO, ’ Cu(NO)2 (i) Evolution of gas: The chemical
(b) Cu + + 2Ag zinc and dilute H,SO,
(Copper () nitrate (Silver) Zn(s) + H,SO,(a4) - ZnSO,(aq) + H,g) T
:bluish
green) 2+1 (i) Change incolour: Thechemical reaction between
(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] potassium iodide and lead nitrate.
Pbl,(s)
Pb(NOJ,(aq) + 2KI(s)- ’ 2KNO,(aq) +Yellow
In white
Ans. 5: (i) washing,
water to form slaked lime quicklime reacts with Colourless
(iii) Formation of precipitate: The chemical reaction
CaO + H,0Ca(OH), + Heat between sulphuric acid and barium chloride.
Quick lime Slaked lime BaCl,aq) + H,SO,(aq)’ 2HCl(aq) + BaSO(6)
(iv) Charnge in temperature: The chemical reaction
(i) Silver bromide, when exposed to light between quick lime and water.
decomposes to silver and bromine. ’Ca(OH,(aq) + Heat
CaO(s) + H,0 () 1+1+1+1+1
Sunlight
2 AgBr(s) ’ 2Agls) + Br,(g)
(CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
(Silver bromide) (Silver) (Bromine)
1½ + 1h
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

Solutionsfor Practice Questions (Topic-2)

Very Short Answer Type Questions
Ans. 2: CH, + 20, CO, + 2H,0 Commonly Made Error
6C0, +6H,0CH,,0, +60, (Any one) Students forget to balance the chemical
1
equation and lose marks.
Short Answer Type Questions-|
Ans. 4: Yes, this will lead to a double displacement
reaction. Answering Tip
Adouble displacement reaction is a type of chemical
reaction in which the reactarnt ions exchange places Practice writing the balanced chemical
form new products. Sodium ions in the sodium equations.
sulphate bond with the chlorine ions in copper
chloride and the copper ion bonds with the sulphate Long Answer TVpe Questions
ion to form sodium chloride and copper sulphate. Ans. 2:
Na,SO, + CuCl, ’2NaCl + CuSO, 2
(a) Decomposition reaction: Carbohydrates are
Short Answer Type Questions-I| broken down to form glucose.
Ans. 7:
(b) Oxidation reaction: When an iron object is left in
moist air for a considerable time, it gets covered
(a) Decomposition reaction/Electrolytic decomposition with a red brown flaky substance called rust.
(b) Energy in the form of electrical energy is absorbed (c) Displacement reaction: More reactive metal
during the decomposition of water. 1 displaces less reactive metal from its salt solution.
(d) Displacement reaction: More reactive metal
(c) Balanced equation: displaces less reactive metal from its salt solution.
2H,0 + energy ’ 2H, + O, 1½
(e) Neutralisation reaction: When acids react with
base they give salt and water. 1X5
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
18 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise &Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X

Solutions for Competency and Critical

Thinking Based Ouestions
IAL Multiple Choice Questions Decomposition of calcium carbonateiis an
thermal decomposition and endothermic example
of
Ans. 4: (C) The reaction of metallic oxides with an acid reacto
is an example of a simple displacement reaction. CaCO, ’ CaO + CO,
Electrolysis of water is an example of decomposition
reactions, burning of methane is combustion reaction
B Assertion and Reason
Ans. 5: (C) Carbon dioxide reacts with lime wale.
and when two aqueous solutions react with each (calcium hydroxide) to form milky precipitate of
other and produce a precipitate is called a double calcium carbonate Carbon dioxide does not "sulk
decomposition reaction. water in any way.
Ans. 11: (D) The reactions which require energy in the
form of heat, light or electricity to break reactants are
called endothermic reactions.

REFLECTIONS

l(a) Have you understood the steps to balance achemical equation?

(b) Willyou be able to summarize the types of chemical reactions with examples ?

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Learning Students will be able to
Objectives Understand different types of reactions.
Explain decomposition reactions as opposite to
combination reactions.
List examples of combination and decomposition
reactions.
Describe displacement and double displacement
reactions with examples.
Explain redox reactions.
Time Required |3-4 periods of 40 minutes each
Classroom Regular classroom setup, Chemistry Laboratory,
Arrangement Computers with internet connection for each group of
students (with AI tools installed)
Material Required NCERT textbook, NCERT exemplar book, Science lab
| manual, Google story speaker installed in computers.
Pre - Preparation Ask children to think of various chemical reactions that
Activities they see around them.
" Ask them to classify them into different categories
of reactions. Students would be able to see some
similarities in the reactions while classifying them.
 EQUATIONS 19
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND
nevious Knowledge Ditterent sets of
types of reactionsconditions are required for different
totake place.
The observational changes are
eactions. different invarious
" Students know that upon heating, substances
down to form newsimpler break
Example: Bacteria substances.
tu form manure. decompose organic matter in nature
Food gets spoilt when it gets
turn brown, cooked food spoils oxidized. e.g, cut apples
after one or two days.
Methodology The teacher will take the class to the Science Laboratory Natural Language P'rocessng
and demonstrate different types of reactions to
invoke My storytime tool on AI
curiosity and interest in students. chatbot- AIvoice over
Then the students will bedivided into groups of generator
each, four
Experiential Learning: Each group of
be assigned a reaction toperform and students will
note down the
observations.
On the next day, the students will be taken to the
Computer laboratory and each group will be asked
to build a story explaining the observations and the
process involved in the reaction. Scan to know
Then, each group may tell the story to others by using more about

an Al toolwhich converts their stories into this topic.

speech.
The teacher will show a video to sum up the
chapter:
Scan to know
more about
this topic.

Learning Outcomes Students would be able to

Explain combination and decomposition reactions by
taking various examnples from our daily life.
Give examples of redox reactions from our daily life.
Analyze the differences between displacement and
double displacement reactions.
Draw conclusions on the basis of observations made in
chemical reactions.
Follow up Activities Students in a group willbe asked to make aflowchart
indicating the types and sub-types of reactions with
their examples. (collaborative learning while working
in groups together).
Playing cards game: Students will shuffle the cards
and place them face down, in a stack, on the desk. The
players take turns to reveal the top card in the stack
and identify the type of reaction shown on the card.
The students who correctly identify the type of reaction
gets points.
Google form test to be conducted to know whether
they have achieved the desired learring outcomes.
Reflections Discussion with the students on the role of AI
applications- My storytime on Al chatbot tool,
supervised learning
Any other Al application that can be used as an
alternative- Inklewriter