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Coordination and Homeostasis in Human: The Structure of The Nervous System

This document discusses coordination and homeostasis in the human body. It describes the nervous system and endocrine system that work together to coordinate responses to stimuli. The nervous system uses neurons and electrochemical signals to transmit messages between receptors, coordinating centers, and effectors. The endocrine system uses hormones secreted by glands to coordinate chemical responses throughout the body. Together these systems work to maintain homeostasis and ensure the internal environment stays regulated.

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nalinda avishka
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49 views6 pages

Coordination and Homeostasis in Human: The Structure of The Nervous System

This document discusses coordination and homeostasis in the human body. It describes the nervous system and endocrine system that work together to coordinate responses to stimuli. The nervous system uses neurons and electrochemical signals to transmit messages between receptors, coordinating centers, and effectors. The endocrine system uses hormones secreted by glands to coordinate chemical responses throughout the body. Together these systems work to maintain homeostasis and ensure the internal environment stays regulated.

Uploaded by

nalinda avishka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Coordination and homeostasis in human

 Irritability. :…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 Coordination :…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 Stimulus :…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 Sensory organs:…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

examples for sensory organs :…………………………………………………………………………………

 Response :…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 Effectors :…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

examples for effectors :………………………………………………………………………………………..

 Response to stimulus

Stimulus Receptor Coordinator Effector Response

stimuli are picked up by receptors which send signals to a coordinating centre that sends new signals
to an effector that will respond to stimulus

 For coordination, two inter connected but different systems present in the human body.
1. Nervous system 2. Endocrine system

 Nervous coordination

 Due to an electro chemical change in the nerves, impulses are transmitted through nerves.
 A proper coordination is maintained between the receptor and the effector.
 The nervous coordination takes place with the involvement of the nervous system.
 The structural unit of the nervous system is the ……………………………….
 three types of neurons in the nervous system.
1. Sensory neuron 2. Motor neuron 3. Inter neuron

 The structure of the


nervous system
 Central nervous system

 Central nervous system is very important in controlling of activities and coordination


 ………………… and ……………………belong to central nervous system.
 ……………………… provides protection to the brain.
 ………………………. provides protection to the spinal cord.
 Brain and spinal cord are covered by ………………………...
 There is a special fluid found within the cavities of brain and between meninges. It is known
as ……………………………...
 The functions of cerebro spinal fluid a
1.
2.
3.
4.

 Brain

 Brain is protected by the …………… and surrounded


by three linings called ……………………………….
 The brain is about 1/50 of the body weight.
 There are about hundred billion of ………………….
 Other than neurons another accessory cells
called ……………….are present in brain.
 The brain is composed of three main parts,
1. 2. 3.

 The peripheral region of the brain is composed of grey matter made up of cell bodies and the
interior with white matter due to myelin sheath made up of nerve fibres.

 Cerebrum

 The largest and most highly developed part of the


brain.
 divided into left and right hemispheres.
 the cortex of the cerebrum is highly convoluted to
increase the surface area.
 The left cerebral hemisphere controls the right half of
the body and the right cerebral hemisphere controls
the left part of the body.

 Functions of cerebrum
1.
2.
3.
4.
 Cerebellum

 Located just below the latter part of the cerebrum.


 consists of two hemispheres.
 it is of grey matter in the outer layer and white matter in the interior layer.

 Functions of cerebellum
1.
2.
3.

 Medulla oblongata

 It is located anteriorly interior to cerebellum.


 It is an important centre in controlling many life processes.

 Functions of medulla oblongata


1.
2.

 Spinal cord
 It is a tubular structure starting from medulla oblongata
inferiorly and runs through vertebral column.
 Peripherally white matter and interiorly grey matter
is present in the spinal cord.
 The spinal nerves start symmetrically at either side of
the spinal cord.

 Reflex arc

 Reflex arc .- …………………………………………………………………………………


 The three types of nerve cells involve in a reflex arc -
1. 2. 3.
 Reflex actions
 Reflex actions .- …………………………………………………………………………………

Reflex actions

spinal reflexes cranial reflexes


Ex: Ex:

 Autonomic nervous system

 This nervous system coordinates involuntary activities in the body.


 The coordinating centres of the autonomic nervous system are ……………….. and
……………………………………..
 Composed of two parts

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system


 activates when a person is at  The changes that occur due to
emergency the activities of sympathetic
 causes fight or flight effects. system, will be neutralised by
the parasympathetic system.
 Chemical co-ordination

 Hormones secreted by endocrine glands are used in chemical co-ordination.


 Endocrine glands or ductless glands secrete hormones, directly into blood stream.
 Hormones are transported through blood.
 Features of hormones
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

 The endocrine glands of human body The facts of several hormones

 Homeostasis

 . Homoeostasis:- ……………………………………………………………………………………
 internal environment: ……………………………………………………………………………..

 The factors in the internal environment that has to be regulated


1.
2.
3.
 Regulation of blood glucose level
Blood glucose level of a healthy adult - ……………………………

 Regulation of body temperature


Normal body temperature of human - ………………………….

 Regulation of water balance

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