Abstract

Table of contents

SL. No. Topics Page No.

01 Letter of Transmittal

02 Declaration

03 Letter of Approval

04 Acknowledgement

05 Abstract

Chapter-01: Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Objective

Chapter-02 : Literature Review

2.1 Textile Printing

2.2 All Over Printing Section

Chapter-03 : Materials and methods

3.1 Printing machine profile

3.2.1 Flow chart of AOP section

3.2.2 Flow chart of screen preparation

 3.2.3 Flow chart of Pigment print

3.2.4 Flow chart of Reactive print

SL. No. Topics Page No.

3.2.5 Flow chart of Discharge print

3.2.6 Flow chart of Burnout print

3.2.7 Flow chart of Acid print

3.2.8 Flow chart of Disperse print

3.2.9 Flow chart of Glitter print

3.3 Chemical Used

3.3.1 Pigment paste chemical

3.3.2 Reactive paste chemical

3.3.3 Disperse paste chemical

3.3.4 Discharge paste chemical

3.3.5 Burnout paste chemical

3.3.6 Acid paste chemical

3.3.7 Glitter paste chemical

3.4 Fabric Composition

3.4.1
Used materials for Wash Fastness
3.4.2
Used materials for Rubbing Fastness
3.4.3 Used materials for C/F to Perspiration and Water Test

3.5 Test Process

3.5.1 Test Procedure for Color Fastness to Washing

3.5.2 Test Procedure for Color Fastness to Rubbing

3.5.3 Test Procedure for Color Fastness to Perspiration

3.5.4 Test Procedure for Color Fastness to Water

3.6 Sample Pigment Print Recipe

3.6.1 Sample Curing Temperature Procedure

3.7 Test

3.7.1 Sample no.01 Test

3.7.2 Sample no.02 Test

3.7.3 Sample no.03 Test

3.7.4 Sample no.04 Test

Chapter – 01 : Introduction
1.1: Introduction:

Textile printing can be defined as the process of transferring ink to the textile substrates
by using specific printing technique and machines. The most suitable technique for
textile subtracts printing are screen printing, digital printing, or usage of thermal
transfer processes. In the past and today the most popular textile printing technique is a
screen printing, with its advantages inn terms in total costs and productivity, as well as
simplicity and speed in high printing volumes.

Printing can also be defined as localized application of dye or pigment in a paste from to
generate a pattern or design in the fabric. It is also called localized dyeing. Nothing is
perfect.

All over print is a term use to describe a special kind of print that covers the entire
garment. All over print reaches places that regular ones don’t the most obvious being
seams and other elements like zipper. Nothing these details is the only way to actually
tell if it is all over or not. This kind of print is achieved by layering the t-shirt on a flat
surface and then printing on top of it, which means that any element that is not exposed
to the ink, like hems, for example, won’t be affected.

If a hem or the interior of the garment is printed then the fabric was probably printed
before it was sewn, this is the traditional way of printing fabric. All over is often
confused with an oversized print. Oversized print is meant to surpass the limitation of
traditional printing techniques.

It could potentially print a design that goes from the neck of a t-shirt, all the way down
the bottom as long as it doesn’t touch the seams. For example, here at print some, we
count with the help of some jumbo screens that can print up to a 40 x 50cm design on a
 man’s large t-shirt, which is bigger than what most screen printers can offer, but it’s still
not all over.

1.2 : Objective:

 To learn about printing process of cotton fabric by pigment.

 To print cotton fabric by pigment.

 To make a combined shade using red, yellow, blue color substance.

 To write a report according to the experiment.

Chapter-02 : Literature Review
2.1 Cotton Fiber
cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the
seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.
The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will
increase the dispersal of the seeds.
The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world,
including the Americas, Africa, Egypt and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton
species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa.[1] Cotton was
independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds.
The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a
soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric
times; fragments of cotton fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in
the Indus Valley Civilization. Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention
of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use,
and it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today.
Current estimates for world production are about 25 million tonnes or 110 million
bales annually, accounting for 2.5% of the world's arable land. China is the world's
largest producer of cotton, but most of this is used domestically. The United States
has been the largest exporter for many years.[2] In the United States, cotton is
usually measured in bales, which measure approximately 0.48 cubic meters (17
cubic feet) and weigh 226.8 kilograms (500 pounds).[3]

Properties of Cotton Fiber

 It has 8% moisture regain
 The cellulose is arranged in a way that gives cotton unique properties
of strength, durability, and absorbency
 It is fresh, crisp, comfortable, absorbent, flexible, has no pilling
problems and has good resistance to alkalis
 It has poor wrinkle resistance, shrinkage, poor acid resistance, less
abrasion resistance, susceptible to damage by moths and mildew,
needs lots of maintenance and stains are difficult to remove
 Its fiber length ranges from ½ inches to 2inches
 It has 10%increase in strength when wet.
 It has a flat twisted tube shape
Composition of cotton:
Amount
(dry Primary
Component basis)% Main location wall (%)
Cellulose 94 Secondary wall 48
Protein 1.3 Lumen 12
Pectin substance 0.9 Primary wall 12
Oil, fat & wax 0.6 Cuticle 7
Ash 1.2 3
Malic, citric and
other organic acids 0.8 Lumen 14
Total sugar 0.3 Primary wall
Pigment Trace
Others 0.9
Cellulose:
Cellulose content of the raw cotton fiber ranges from 88 to 96 %. Cellulose is a
polymer of ß-D-glucose with a specific configuration shown in figure. The cellobiose,
repeating unit of cellulose, consist of two beta glucose molecules linked together at
the 1:4 carbon atoms. Each successive glucose unit is rotated 1800 around the
molecular axis. This gives a linear polymer chain that is almost flat therefore
suitable for fiber formation.

Chemical Structure of Cotton

About 5000 cellobiose units are present in cotton that is degree of polymerization of
cotton is 5000.

Protein:
These areas are derived from the protoplasm of living cell. Fiber contains a small
percentage of nitrogen but not all of the nitrogen is present as protein. It is believed
that nitrogen-containing compounds may be associated with the natural coloring
matter.

Pectic substance:
Natural cotton contains derivatives of pectic acid. They appear as mainly calcium
and methyl pectates. But free pectic acid and methyl pectate are also present.

Oil, fat and wax:

Oils and fats are esters of glycerol (glycerides) with higher saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids. Waxes are esters of complex monohydric alcohol with fatty
acid.

Oils, fats and waxes are all insoluble in water, oils and waxes of cotton consists of:

1. Glycerides which are readily saponifiable oils and fats

2. Waxes which are saponifiable with difficulties
3. Unsaponifiable oils
4. Free fatty acids and
5. Traces of soaps

Pigment printing has gained much importance today and for some fibers (e.g. cellulose fibers) is by
far the most commonly applied technique. Pigments can be used on almost all types of textile
substrates and, thanks to increased performance of modern dyeing auxiliaries, it is now possible to
obtain high-quality printing using this technique.
Pigment Printing Recipe:
Pigment......................30 parts

Binder.........................600 parts

Fixer...........................10 parts

Na alginate..................100 (50% solution)

White spirit..................250 parts

Pigment Printing Process:

Pre-Treatments
↓
Printing(with binder and fixer)
(Roller/Rotary printing)
↓
Drying(90-100%/110-120°C)
(Dryer)
↓
Curing
(Cotton 140-160°C/110-120°C 3-5 min)
(Polyester 160-220°C 30-60s)
(Stenter)
↓
Washing (Some time is not need)

Advantages of Pigment Printing:

The advantages of pigment printing are well known and the process has grown in popularity
worldwide in recent years as it offers several advantages over other styles of printing. These include
brilliant prints with high light fastness, ease of application in color matching, flexibility in its
applicability to natural and synthetic fibers and avoidance of the final wash off resulted in a
complete elimination of any effluent disposal problems.

 Applicable to natural and synthetic fiber.

 Pigment printing is most economical printing process and allows maximum output of goods
because of the elimination of washing off, quick sampling and high printing speeds.
 The advantage of pigment printing is that the process can be done without subsequent
washing.
 Simple Application
 Simple technical process without wet after treatment
 Little requirements for machinery equipment
 Pigment printing can be applied to all substrate which are of interest to the printer,
including glass fibers, PVC and imitation leather, subject to some limitations in color depth. It
is extremely well suited for color resist effects, for example under azoic and reactive dyes.
 Mistakes in pigment printing can be recognized quickly.
 Pigment printing presents the fewest problems for the printer of all coloration process,
with respect to labour costs, equipment and reliability of production.
 Progress in quality of pigment printing
 New synthetic polymers Good fastness properties, soft handle

Pigment colors printing on cotton fabrics by surface

coating induced by electron beam and thermal curing:
Cotton fabrics were coated from one surface with different pigment colors incorporated
in formulations containing ethylene glycol (EG), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly
(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) oligomer as a base material. The coated fabrics were
exposed to various doses of accelerated electrons generated from the 1.5 MeV (25 kW)
electron beam accelerator machine. In order to find the suitable conditions that afford the
highest performance of pigment printing, the effect of irradiation dose and formulation
composition on the color strength of the printed fabrics was investigated. The durability
of the printed fabrics in terms of color fastness, tensile mechanical, crease resistance and
water absorption was also studied. The results of pigment printing by electron beam
irradiation was compared with the conventional thermal printing method with the same
pigment colors involving the use of pastes containing binder and thickener systems. It
was found that cotton fabrics printed with the pigment colors under the effect of electron
beam irradiation displayed higher color strength than those fabrics printed by the
conventional thermal fixation at equal pigment color ratios. In this regard, the color
strength on cotton fabrics printed with the Imperon violet, blue and yellow pigment
colors was 85.2, 75.4 and 91.3 in the case of printing with electron beam and 63.5, 46.0
and 50.2 in the case of thermal curing, respectively. The results showed that the pigment
 printing by electron beam or thermal curing improves the crease recovery and
mechanical properties of cotton fabrics and exhibited comparable durability properties in
terms of washing, rubbing and handling.

A method of micro tip fabrication based on oxygen

induced faceting:
The macroscopic W[1 1 1] tip facets and forms a truncated three-sided pyramid when
annealed at 1400–1600 K after being exposed to about 1.3 Langmuir of oxygen. Further
annealing of the tip in temperature range of 1000–1060 K leads to significant sharpening of
the tip apex. FIM observations revealed that the apex consisted of several atoms at most.
FEM images of such prepared tips suggest that they can be used as point sources of
electrons.

2.4 Pigments
Pigments are substance in particular forms. They are essentially, insoluble in the media into
which they are incorporated, and are mechanically dispersing there in order to modify the
color and light scattering properties of such media. Ancient chines were used pigments for
coloring textile by the block pigment printing method. Cotton prints made some of the
pigments in the 18th century [16] and used them in pigment printing it meet with limited
with success due to,
1) In adequacy of the binder as a fixing agent for pigment on the fabric.
2) Relatively poor pigment dispersion available at that time.
They were also limited in the range of the colors, light fastness and fastness to alkali
treatment. In the 1930s emulsion co-polymerization of olefin substances was discovered at
the former IG farben. These were integral steps in the development of the modern pigment
printing. Another important step was the introduction of emulsion as printing paste thickener
[17]. Different binders were also developed for the purpose, resulting finally in the use of
water- in-oil, and oil-in-water emulsions. This greatly accelerated the use of pigments in
textile printing and then pigments have become major coloring matters used in printings.
Pigments suitable for pigment printing should have certain properties. For example, the
shades produced should exhibits good fastness to light, crocking, washing, gas fading
chlorine, Alkalis, perspiration and solvents.
Thickeners
Thickeners used in textile printing are high molecular weight compounds giving viscous
pastes in water. These impart stickiness and plasticity to the printing paste so that it can be
applied to a fabric surface without spreading and be capable of maintaining the design
outlines even under high pressure. Their main function is to hold or adhere the dye particles
in the desired place on the fabric until the transfer of the dye into the fabric and its fixation
are complete. As the printing paste is printed either by roller or screen by the squeegee
pressure, the viscosity of the printing past should be sufficiently high to prevent rapid
diffusion or flushing of the color through the fabric, which would result in poor print
definition or mark. Further, the thickener should give a stable paste viscosity, which would
allow an even and measured flow through the screen. If the viscosity changes during the run,
the shade (depth) changes in the printed cloth. The viscosity stability must not only be
durable in terms of the time during which the printed cloth is on the machine, but it must
also hold during storage times in terms of week / months [17][19].
Classification of Thickeners: Thickeners may be classified as natural or synthetic.
Natural Thickening agents: Thickening agents produced from vegetable raw materials.
Owing to differences in growing conditions, variation in their composition is unavoidable.
For textile printing, the thickening agents must be soluble in water [20].
Synthetic Thickening Agent: Synthetic thickening agents are molecular substances,
generally co-polymers of unsaturated organic acids, such as acrylic and malic acids. They
swell very considerably in water. Owing to their technical and economic advantages. These
highly efficient products are becoming more important in textile printing and they have
already become indispensable in solvent free pigment printing. More recently, synthetic
thickening agents have also begun to be used in polyester printing. Mainly with disperse
dyes they have a low electrolyte finish [20].
Natural thickeners viz. sodium alginate and guar gum are widely used for cotton printing
with reactive dyes. The relatively high cost and limited supply of natural thickeners has
spurred efforts to find alternatives. Synthetic thickeners, predominate in the printing of
pigments due to their low solids content. They additionally offer advantage over natural
thickeners in quick and easy paste preparation and viscosity adjustment, and consistency of
quality and supply [23].
2.5 Binders
Binders and fixers play important roles in pigment printing achieving optimum fastness
properties. During the earlier stages of the development of binders for use in pigment
printing polyvinyl acetate was considered a good binder. However, it was realized that it
produced too stiff a handle. On other hand acrylate resins gave soft effects but pigments
bound with them were not fast to rubbing. Binders are high molecular weight film forming
agents produced by the polymerization of simple intermediates initially present in the paste
in a homogeneous, dissolved or dispersed state. After evaporation of the solvent or other
liquid vehicle, heating produces a thin coherent coating or film. The film, several microns in
thickness encloses the pigment particles and adheres to the fiber. The rubbing, washing and
dry - cleaning fastness of a pigment print are, the incorporation of reactive groups in the
macromolecule enables linking to occur within the binder after film formation by a simple
heat treatment thereby improving its resistance to chemical and physical agencies [18].

Printing process:
Printing, like dyeing, is a process for applying color to a substrate. However, instead of
coloring the whole subtract as in dyeing , print color is applied only to defined areas to
obtain the desired pattern. This involves different machinery with respect to dyeing, but the
physical and chemical processes that take place between the dye and the fiber are analogous
to dyeing.

Screen Printing:
This types of printing has increased enormously in its use in recent years because of its
versatility and the development of rotary screen printing machines which are capable of very
high rates of production. An additional significant advantage is that heavy depths of shade
can be produced by screen printing, a feature which has always been a limitation of roller
printing because of the restriction to the amount of print paste which can be held in the
shallow depth of the engraving on the print roller. Worldwide, some 61% of all over printed
textile fabric is produce by the rotary screen method and 23% by flat screen printing.
There are two basic types of screen printing process, the flat screen and rotary screen
method.

Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking
stencil. It is done either with flat or cylindrical screens made of silk threads, nylon, polyester
or metal. The Printing paste or dye is poured on the screen and forced through its unblocked
areas onto the fabric. Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making in which a
design is imposed on a screen of polyester or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with
an impermeable substance, and ink is forced into the mesh openings of the mesh by the fill
blade or squeegee and onto the printing surface during the squeegee stroke. It is also known
as silkscreen, serigraphy, and serigraph printing. Based on the type of the screen used, it is
known as ‘Flat Screen Printing’ or ‘Rotary Screen Printing’.

Types Of Screen Printing:

 Pigment Print

 Reactive Print

 Discharge Print

 Burn-out Print

 Disperse Print

 Glitter print
 Chapter-3 : Materials and Method

3.2.1 : Flow Chart Of Screen printing Section:

Design receive from Buyer by Mail or Hand (Pendrive or CD)

↓
Design quality check and print out the Artwork
↓
Collect the all details (Fabrication, No. of color, Ground color, Type of print, Hand sample
size)
 ↓
Design send to Designer for developing (Separation of color)
↓
Designer develop the design
↓
Print out Mat film for exposing hand screen to Engraving section
↓
Exposed hand screen. No. of screen No. of color and ready for hand S/off
↓
Making color for hand S/off print and print hand S/off
↓
Send Hand S/off to Buyer
↓
Approved Hand S/off by Buyer
↓
Design go for rotary Screen from Hand Screen
↓
Select Rotary Screen Mesh and Exposed rotary screen
↓
Print M/C Sample
↓
M/C sample Send to Buyer
↓
M/C sample approved
↓
Go for Production
↓
Print bulk fabric
↓
Curing
↓
Wash(If Required)
↓

Stenter
↓
Compecting
↓
Delivery

3.2.2 : Flow Chart of Screen Preparation :

 Unpacking Screen
↓
Rounding of screen
↓
(Rounding is done to obtain the required roundness &repeat size of screen)
↓
Time for Rounding : Minimum 01 Hour
↓
Temperature for Rounding : 160°C-180°C
↓
Degreasing
↓
Preparing the engraving emulsion
↓
Coating
↓
Drying of screens
↓
Exposing the design on screen
↓
Developing
↓
Drying
↓
Polymerisation
↓
Endring glueing
↓
Retouching & final inspection

(The final resistance of the engraving lacquer is obtain by polymerizing. Required

temperature and time depend on the lacquer used. Our suggestion polymerization should be
done at 180°C X 02 Hours)

NOTE: Polymerization of the lacquer layer at a lower temperature or for a shorter time
than specified will reduce its chemical and mechanical resistance . Temperature over 190°c
will adversely effect the nickel material)
3.2.3: PROCESS FLOW CHART OF PIGMENT PRINT
Fabric preperation
↓
Paste preperation
↓
Colour preperation
↓
Screen preperation
↓
Production
↓
Colour & design check
↓
Curing
↓
Wash (if needed)
↓
Stenter
↓
Compecting
↓
Delivery

3.3.1: Pigment Paste Chemical:

Auxiliaries Trade Name Company Name Company Origin

Binder Binder ACMS Achitex Minerva Italy

Fixing agent Tubifix P70 CHT Germany

Thickener Tubivis star CHT Germany

Urea Urea Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

Softener Finish SS Achitex Minerva Italy

Glycerin Glycerin Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

Ammonia Ammonium Hydroxide Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

3.3.2: Reactive paste chemical:

Auxiliaries Trade Name Company Name Company
Origin

Thickener Alginat MV CHT Germany

Alkali Sodium Bi-carbonate Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

Oxidizing Agent Rasis Salt Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

Urea Urea Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

D-Liquid Matsperse D-Liquid Matax Bangladesh

3.3.3:Disperse Paste Chemical:

Auxiliaries Trade Name Company Name Company
Origin

Thickener Amitrolit 8859 Benevolent tex. Sarvise China

Soaping agent Matlevel LPF Matex Bangladesh

Citric Acid Citric Acid Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

3.3.4: Discharge Paste Chemical:

Auxiliaries Trade Name Company Name Company Origin

Discharge Paste DC-35 CHT Germany

Discharge agent DC-Agent CHT Germany

Glycerin Glycerin Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

Crosslinking agent Fixator LF CONC Achitex Minerva Italy

Urea Urea Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

3.3.5: Burnout Paste Chemical:

Auxiliaries Trade Name Company Name Company Origin

Thickener Guar Gum Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

Burnout Chemical Fixogen O P B Dysin

Burnout Chemical Dynotex MHP Dysin

3.3.6: Acid Paste Chemical:

Auxiliaries Trade Name Company Name Company Origin

Soaping agent Matlevel LPF Matex Bangladesh

Soaping agent Matacid Bd Matex Bangladesh

Citric Acid Citric Acid Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

Urea Urea Mollah Enterprise Bangladesh

Thickener Lyoprint RTBC Huntsman Thailand/India

3.4: Fabric Composition :

 (Sample no :1+12+15 )

Fabric : L-S/J

Color : 10-100

Y/Count: 34/1 CB 20 DEN.

 S/L : 2.96+1.0

GSM : 190

 (Sample no : 2 )

Color : 07-197

Fabric : 1X1 RIB

Y/Count:

S/L :

GSM : 220

Color : 10-201

 (Sample no : 3+5 )

Fabric : S/J

Color : 10-201

Y/Count: 24/1

S/L : 2.74

GSM : 180

 (Sample no : 4 )

Fabric : Terry

Color : 10-202

Y/Count:

S/L :

GSM : 220

 (Sample no : 6+7+9 )
 Fabric : S/J

Color : White

Fabric : S/J

Y/Count: 40/1 CB Ring

S/L : 2.46

GSM : 120

 (Sample no : 8 )

Fabric : L-S/J ( L-Viscose)

Color : 10-100

Y/Count:

S/L :

GSM : 180

 (Sample no : 10+14 )

Fabric : S/J

Color : White

Y/Count:

S/L :

GSM : 150

(Sample no : 11 )

Fabric : S/J

Color : 76-223

Y/Count: 24/1

S/L : 2.74

GSM : 180
  (Sample no : 12 )

Fabric : L-S/J

Color : Snow White

Y/Count:

S/L :

GSM : 180

 (Sample no : 16 )

Fabric : S-S/J

Color : 51-116

GSM : 190

3.4.1 Used material for Wash Fastness Test

1. Sample size 40 x 100 mm.
2. Multi-fiber of 40 x 100 mm (DW).
3. ECE reference detergent
4. Sodium Per borate Anhydrous
5. Distilled water
6. Running tape water
7. Steel balls(Dia-6mm)
8. Wash Machine(SDL Atlas)

3.4.2 Used material for Rubbing Fastness Test

1. Crock Meter (SDL Atlas)
2. Cotton Rubbing Cotton
3. Grey Scale
4. Stop Watch
5. Color Matching Cabinet
6. Sample
3.4.3 Used Material for C/F to Perspiration and Water
Test
1. Perspirometer
2. Distilled Water
3. Perspiration Solution

3.5 Test Process

3.5.1 Test procedure for Color Fastness to Washing

 At first, sample and multi-fiber was cut at 40x40 mm.
 50 ml ECE detergent and Sodium perborate solution is taken.
 The sample is kept in 60 C for 30 minutes in Rota wash machine.
 The sample is rinsed twice with normal water.
 The specimen was dried at 60 C by hanging or by flat iron pressing.
 The specimen was dried and the change of shade and degree of staining is
measured by Grey Scale and Staining Scale.

3.5.2 Test Procedure of Color Fastness to Rubbing

 At first, the specimen was locked onto the base of the crock meter.
 5cmx5cm of the white cotton to the finger of the meter was set using the spinal
clip.
 Lower the covered finger on the test sample.
 Hand crank is turned at the rate of the one turn per second.
 The white test cloth was removed and evaluation with grey scale is completed.

3.5.3 Test procedure for Color Fastness to Perspiration

 Thoroughly one composite sample in a solution of pH 8.0 at the liquor ratio of
50:1 is wetted.
 It is allowed to remain in this solution at room temperature for 30min.
 The solution is poured off and the composite sample between two glasses plates
measuring about 7.5×6.5cm under a force of about 4.5kg is placed.
 The other sample is treated in the same way but with the solution at pH 5.5.
 The apparatus containing the samples in the oven for 4 hours at 37±2C˚is placed.
  The sample from the muti-fibre adjacent fabric is separated and they are dried
apart in air at the temperature not exceeding 60C˚.
 The change in color of the specimen and the staining of the white cloth with the
grey scale is assessed.

3.5.4 Test procedure for Color Fastness to Water

 Thoroughly one composite sample is wetted in distilled water at the liquor ratio of
50:1
 It is allowed to remain in this solution at room temperature for 30min.
 The solution is poured off and the composite sample between two glasses plates
measuring about 7.5×6.5cm under a force of about 4.5kg is placed.
 The apparatus containing the samples placed in the oven for 4 hours at 37±2C˚.
 The sample from the muti-fibre adjacent fabric is separated and they are dried
apart in air at the temperature not exceeding 60C˚.
 The change in color of the specimen and the staining of the white cloth with the
grey scale is assessed.

3.6:Sample Pigment Print Recipe:

Binder-20%

Urea-5%

Thickener-3%

Amonia-2%

Glycerin-2%
Fixing-3%

Detergent-1%

Anti Blocking Agent-2%

Anti Foaming Agent-2%

Water-60%

Blue Color-2%

Total-100%

Annex
 3.6.1: Table: Sample Curing Temperature Procedure:

Sample No Temperature

01 130c

02 140c

03 150c
 04 160c

3.7: Test:

3.7.1: Test Report CF to Rubbing & Water & Perspiration (Blue

Color S/N#1):
3.7.2: Test Report CF to Rubbing & Water & Perspiration (Blue Color
S/N#2):
3.7.3: Test Report CF to Rubbing & Water & Perspiration
(Blue Color S/N#3):
3.7.4: Test Report CF to Rubbing & Water & Perspiration (Blue Color
S/N#4):
Chapter-4 : Result and Discussion
 4.1: Table: Blue Color:

Sample PH CF to Rubbing CF to Perspiration CF to

Remarks
No Concentration Dry Wet Acid Alkaline Wash

01 10.2 3 2-3 4-5 4-5 4

02 10.8 4 3 4 4-5 4-5

03 11.5 3 3 4-5 4-5 4-5

04 12.5 3 3 4-5 4-5 4-5

Remarks: The best color fastness to rubbing was obtained at 10.2 and 10.7 PH
concentration and worse color fastness to water was obtained at 11.5PHconcentration.

Different Colour fastness rating in different PH

5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
PH Concentration 10.2 PH Concentration 11.0 PH Concentration 11.5 PH Concentration 10.7

CF to Rubbing Dry CF to Rubbing Wet CF to Perspiration Acid

CF to Perspiration Alkaline CF to Wash CF to Water
Chapter-05 : Conclusion
5.1: Conclusion:

Printing of cotton fabric with pigment color has excellent build up property and maximum
fixation. Shade is also bright. By this experiment we have acquire knowledge about process
of printing cotton fibres with cold brand pigment color in combination shade. The shade of
printed fabric is moderately good, as we required. Special thanks to our teacher and his
assistants for grate cooperation.

5.2: Reference :
S.M kamruzzaman
Deputy manager (AOP)

Knit concern group

Md Muraduzzaman
Sr production officer

Knit concern group

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