Scribd
Upload
957 views26 pages

Ceramic Forming Techniques

The document discusses various ceramic forming techniques including slip casting, plastic forming, semi-dry pressing, and dry pressing. Slip casting uses a slip suspension poured into a plaster mold to form shaped pieces. Plastic forming manipulates clay in a plastic state through methods like hand modeling, extrusion, injection molding, and jiggering. Semi-dry and dry pressing compress moist and dry clay through dies to shape products. Water content affects shrinkage, with more water leading to more shrinkage during drying and firing.

Uploaded by

Borith pang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
957 views26 pages

Ceramic Forming Techniques

The document discusses various ceramic forming techniques including slip casting, plastic forming, semi-dry pressing, and dry pressing. Slip casting uses a slip suspension poured into a plaster mold to form shaped pieces. Plastic forming manipulates clay in a plastic state through methods like hand modeling, extrusion, injection molding, and jiggering. Semi-dry and dry pressing compress moist and dry clay through dies to shape products. Water content affects shrinkage, with more water leading to more shrinkage during drying and firing.

Uploaded by

Borith pang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Ceramic Forming

Techniques
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Shaping process
The shaping processes can be divided according to
the consistency of the mixture and type of ceramics
products:

o Slip casting: in which the mixture is a slurry


with 25 to 40% water.
o Plastic-forming: method that shape the clay in a
plastic condition at 15 to 25% water
o Semi-dry pressing: in which the clay is moist 10
to 15% water but has low plasticity
o Dry pressing: the clay is basically dry,
containing less than 5% water.
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Slip Casting
o A suspension of ceramic powders in water called a
slip. It is poured into a porous plaster of paris
mold so that water from the mix is absorbed into
the plaster to form a firm layer of clay a the mold
surface.
o The slip composition is 25% to 40% water

o Used for large parts, complex shapes, low


equipment cost

o Low production rate, limited dimensional accuracy


Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Slip Casting
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Slip Casting

Plaster of paris, quick-setting gypsum plaster


consisting of a fine white powder (calcium sulfate
hemihydrate), which hardens when moistened and
allowed to dry. Known since ancient times, plaster of
paris is so called because of its preparation from the
abundant gypsum found near Paris.

Gypsum plaster, or plaster of Paris, is produced by


heating gypsum to about 300 °F (150 °C

CaSO4·2H2O + heat → CaSO4·0.5H2O + 1.5H2O


Ceramic Forming Techniques

Plaster of Paris
Ceramic Forming Techniques

Plaster of Paris for ceramic mold


Ceramic Forming Techniques

Plaster of Paris for ceramic mold


Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Slip Casting

o Two principle variations:

- Drain casting – the mold is inverted to drain


excess slip after a semi-solid layer has been
formed, thus producing a hollow product.
- Solid casting – to produce solid products,
adequate time is allowed for entire body to
become firm.
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Plastic-forming

o Plastic forming, also called soft, wet forming, can


be carried out by various methods such as hand
modeling (manual method), extrusion, injection
molding or jiggering.

o The clay in plastic condition at 15 to 25% water


Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Plastic-forming (Hand modeling)

o Creation of the ceramic product by manipulating


the mass of plastic clay into the desired geometry.
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Plastic-forming (Extrusion)

o Compression of clay through a die to produce long


sections of uniform cross-section, which are then
cut to required piece length.

o Equipment utilizes a screw type action to assist in


mixing the clay and pushing it through die
opening.
o Products: hollow brick, drain pipes, tubes,
insulators, etc.
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Plastic-forming (Extrusion)
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Plastic-forming (Extrusion)
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Plastic-forming (Extrusion)
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Plastic-forming (Injection Molding)


Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Plastic-forming (Injection Molding)


Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Plastic-forming (Jiggering)

o Similar to potter’s wheel method, but hand


throwing is replaced by mechanized techniques.
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Plastic-forming (Jiggering)
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Semi-dry pressing
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Dry pressing

o Process sequence is similar to semi-dry pressing.


The main distinction is that the water content is
typically below 5%.

o No drying shrinkage occurs, so drying time is


eliminated and good dimensional accuracy is
achieved in the final product.

o Typical products: bathroom tile, electrical


insulators, refractory brick, etc.
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Clay Volume vs. Water Content

o Water plays an important role in most of the


traditional ceramics shaping process.

o Therefore, it has no purpose and must be removed


from the clay piece before firing.

o Shrinkage is a problem during drying because


water contributes volume to the piece, and the
volume is reduced when the water is removed.
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Clay Volume vs. Water Content


Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Drying

o Stage 1 – drying rate is rapid and constant as water


evaporates from the surface into the surrounding
air and water from the interior migrates by
capillary action to the surface to replace the it.
Then the shrinkage occurs.

o Stage 2 – the moisture content has been reduced to


where ceramic grains are in contact. Little or no
further shrinkage occurs.
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Firing

o Performed in a furnace called a kiln


o Bonds are developed between the ceramic grains,
and this is accompanied by densification and
reduction of porosity.
o Therefore, additional shrinkage occurs in addition
to what which has already occurred in drying
stage.
o In firing of traditional ceramics, a glassy phase is
formed which acts as a binder.
Ceramic Forming Techniques

 Firing

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy