Teaching Values Reference

Approaches and Strategies
in Teaching Values
Education
Dr. WILMA S. REYES
Philippine Normal University
February 2, 2019
10:30– 12:00 p.m.
De La Salle University, Dasmarinas
Cavite
Let’s tease
your brain!!!
How
many
elephants
can you
see?
How many faces can
you see?
Find THE HIDDEN
TIGER 
Marian’s father has
five children:
Nana, Nene, Nini,
Nono.
What is the name of
the fifth daughter?
MAJOR APPROACHES STRATEGIES
Modeling, positive and negative
Inculcation reinforcement, mocking, story-telling
Voting questions, unfinished sentences,
Value Clarification values continuum, ranking, agree or
disagree
Moral dilemmas, case study
Moral Development
Testing principles, analyzing analogous
Value Analysis cases, debate, research
Rest and relaxation exercises,
meditation and brief fantasizing
Transpersonal imagination, creativity and mind games,
self-awareness activities
Action projects/ community outreach
Action Learning projects
Values
Clarification
Approach
Rationale
• Values clarification has its origin in the
humanistic and transpersonal psychology.
• Abraham Maslow is its major proponent. He

believed that every human being is capable
of attaining self-actualization through the
valuing process.
• Self-actualization in an on going process of

using one’s innate capacities and potentials
in full, creative and joyful ways.
Purposes of Values Clarification:
• to help students become aware of and
identify their own values and those of
others.
• to help students communicate openly and

honestly about their values.
• to help students use both rational thinking

and emotional awareness to examine their
personal feelings, values and behavior
patterns.
For something to be
considered as a value
using the clarification
approach, the person must
go through the seven (7)
criteria of the
valuing process.
Seven (7) criteria of the valuing process:
1. choosing freely;
2. choosing from alternatives;
3. reflecting carefully on the
consequences of those alternatives;
4.prizing;
5.affirming in public;
6.acting upon one's choices; and
7. acting consistently
The value clarification strategies commonly used
in teaching are:
• Role playing
• Games and simulations
• Contrived or real value-laden situations
• Introspection or in-depth self analysis exercise
• Sensitivity activities
• Small group discussion
• Values grid
• Ranking
• Group dynamics
• Case study
• Dyadic and triadic sharing
• Dialogue or clarifying response strategy
Values Continuum
An issue is identified by the teacher and a line
drawn on the ground with a stick.
Two extreme positions are identified

and the students asked to stand at an
appropriate point along the line according to
their beliefs. The students discuss their
beliefs with people on either side of them to
make sure they are in the correct position.
The students have literally taken a stand on
the issue. The teacher then invites students
to explain their position. They may pass if
they want to. They may also change their
position on the line at any time during the
discussion if they want to.
Teacher’s Role
• open and
communicating trust
• respect and concern
the students personal
beliefs and values
• stimulate an
atmosphere of
positive acceptance.
Moral Development
Approach
PURPOSE
 Help students develop more
complex moral reasoning patterns
 Urge students to discuss the

reasons for their value choices
and positions
Moral Development
Pre-conventional Morality
Iwill do what I am supposed to do In

order to avoid punishment.
Conventional Morality
Iwill do what I a supposed to do as
things work out better when everyone
follows the rules.
Post-conventional Morality
Iwill do (or wont do) what I am

supposed to do because I think
( or don’t think) it is the right thing to
do.
METHODS
• Moral dilemma episodes with
small-group discussion
• Relatively structured and

argumentative
Top 10 Moral Dilemmas
http://listverse.com/miscellaneous/top-10-moral-dilemmas/
VALUES ANALYSIS
APPROACH
Rationale and Purposes
Help student’s use logical
thinking and scientific
investigation procedures in
dealing with social issues,
especially values education
issues.
Theoretical Basis
The individual is regarded as

a rational being in the world who
can attain the highest good by
subordinating feelings and
passions to logic and scientific
method.
Teacher’s Role
Develop the skills on
gathering and organizing
facts relevant to making
value judgments, assess
the truth through
supporting evidences and
then evaluate the
consequences.
Teaching Methods Strategies
• Individual and group

studies of social
problems
• library and
field research
and;
• case studies
Teaching Methods Strategies
• Testing principles
• Analyzing analogous
cases
• Debate
• Rational discussion
that demands reasons
and evidence
Mangalap ng mga
research studies o
clippings mula sa
pahayagan o
magazine na
magpapatunay ng
pagiging makabayan
ng mga Filipino
Debate
Maghanda ng
isang debate tungkol
sa paksang “Dapat ba
o hindi dapat gawin
ang cloning”
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mahboubian.googlepages.com/dog-
bird.jpg&imgrefurl=http://raizam.blogspot.com/2006/12/nice-pictures-of-when-cloning-
goes.html&h=387&w=400&sz=11&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=odwGxfiGP_FhbM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3
Dcloning%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
ACTION LEARNING
APPROACH
What is Action Learning?
To provide students with
opportunities and chances to
discover and act on their values.
To encourage students to view
themselves as personal-social
interactive beings, not fully
autonomous, but members of a
community or social system.
Theoretical Basis
Values are assumed to have their
sources in society or in the individual but
in the interaction between the person and
the society.
Theoretical Basis
Derived from a perspective that it
is important to move beyond
thinking and feeling to acting.
Related to the efforts of some
social studies educators to
emphasize community-based
rather than classroom-based
learning experiences
Theoretical Basis
Place more emphasis on action-
taking inside and outside the
classroom;
Values are seen in the
interaction between the person
and society;and
A problem-solving/decision
making model.
Strategies
Teaching methods
include mostly the
clarification & values
analysis strategies.
Two (2) strategies unique to these
approach include:
Skills practice in group
organization
Action projects or community

outreach projects.
Community Development Program
Networking Activities
Transpersonal
Approaches
Purpose-
to develop among students
a higher level of
consciousness and spiritual
upliftment. It underscores
the process of self discovery
and the significance of self-
actualization to become a
fully functioning person.
The most commonly
used strategies are:
*rest and
relaxation
exercises
*meditation and brief
fantasizing imagination
*creativity and mind games
*self-awareness activities
Multimedia
• The use of computers to

present text, graphics, video,
animation, and sound in an integrated
way.
• The combined use of severalmedia, as

sound and full-motion video in
computer applications
SCREENAGERS
A term that
combines two words
to describe
"teenagers who
are online" and
who are
"always looking
at the screen.”
How Teens Use Digital Media
Activities
Classroom activities for VE
Sample: http://www.goodcharacter.com/ISOC/Responsibility.html
Activities
Differentiated Instruction Ideas
and activities
> http://www.differentiatedinstructionactivities.com/
Activities (based on Bloom’s
Taxonomy)
> http://www.teachervision.fen.com/tv/printables/TCR/1576900045_019-021.pdf
Activities easily adaptable for

technology-enhanced education
> http://www.randomactsofkindness.org/Educators/Lesson-Plans/
Bank
100 Ways to
Promote Values
Education in
Schools
http://www.forcharacter.com/100ways.htm
Cartoon
Create your own comics and
cartoons!
http://www.toondoo.com/cartoon/4841821
Collage
http://www.photovisi.com/download?id=e992ba1e-44c9-49e1-a42d-24690b8eff8f&ready=true
Photo Essay
Photo essays rely on a simple truth:

Telling stories with pictures can be more
evocative and moving than using words.
http://www.unicef.org/sowc05/Flash/photoessays/english/E_2_poverty.html
Tutorial: Teacher Tube
Online instructional teacher videos
TeacherTube
http://www.teachertube.com/
Audio Podcast
Internet world's form of broadcasting,
known as podcasting, is the new face
of radio journalism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKwcdvvAi1Y
Thank you!
reyes.ws@pnu.edu.ph

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Approaches and Strategies

• Abraham Maslow is its major proponent. He

• Self-actualization in an on going process of

• to help students communicate openly and

• to help students use both rational thinking

Two extreme positions are identified

 Urge students to discuss the

Iwill do what I am supposed to do In

Iwill do (or wont do) what I am

• Relatively structured and

The individual is regarded as

• Individual and group

Action projects or community

• The use of computers to

• The combined use of severalmedia, as

Activities easily adaptable for

Photo essays rely on a simple truth:

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