Course Number: Me 433 Fluidics Fluidics 3 Credit Hour: PFMHBB R Prof. Mahbubur Razzaque

COURSE NUMBER: ME 433
Fluidics
3 credit hour
Course teacher
P f Mahbubur
Prof. M hb b Razzaque
R
1
Fluid Power Control
Fluid power control deals with generation, control, and transmission

of power
po er using
sing pressurized
press ri ed fluids.
fl ids
Fluid power is used to push, pull, regulate, or drive virtually all the
machines
hi off modern
d i d t It can be
industry. b said
id that
th t fluid
fl id power isi the
th
muscle that moves industry.
For example,
F l fluid
fl id power steers andd brakes
b k automobiles,bil launches
l h
spacecraft, moves earth, harvests crops, mines coal, drives machine
tools, controls airplanes, processes food, and even drills teeth.
In fact, it is almost impossible to find a manufactured product that

has not been "fluid-powered" in some way at some stage of its
production or distribution.
2
There are two different types of fluid systems: fluid transport system and
fl id power system.
fluid t
Fluid transport systems have as their sole objective the delivery of a fluid
from one location to another to accomplish
p some useful ppurpose.
p Examples
p
include pumping stations for pumping water to homes, cross-country gas/oil
lines, and systems where chemical processing takes place as various fluids
are brought together.
Fluid power systems are designed specifically to perform mechanical

work. The work is accomplished by a pressurized fluid bearing directly on
an operating fluid cylinder or fluid motor.
motor
A fluid cylinder produces a force resulting in linear motion, whereas a fluid

motor produces a torque resulting in rotary motion. Thus in a fluid power
system, cylinders and motors (which are also called actuators), provide the
muscle to do the desired work.
Of course,
course control components such as valves are needed to ensure that the
work is done smoothly, accurately, efficiently, and safely.
3
Fluid power is called hydraulics when the fluid is a liquid and is called
pneumatics whenhen the fluid
fl id is a gas.
gas Thus
Th s fluid
fl id power
po er is the general term
used for both hydraulics and pneumatics.
Hydraulic
y systems
y use liquids
q such as ppetroleum oils, synthetic
y oils, and
water. Water is readily available but has many deficiencies. It freezes in
cold weather, is a relatively poor lubricant, and tends to rust metal
components. Hydraulic oils are far superior und hence are widely used in
lieu of water.
Pneumatic systems use air as the gas medium. Air is very abundant and can
be readily exhausted into the atmosphere after completing the assigned task.
task
Hydraulics systems use liquids which provide a very rigid medium for
transmitting power and thus can operate under high pressures to provide
huge forces and torques to drive loads with utmost accuracy and precision.
Pneumatics systems exhibit spongy characteristics as air is compressible.

They are less expensive and suitable for low pressure applications.
applications They
provide faster motion but have less positional accuracy.
4
Advantages of fluid power systems
There are three basic methods of power transmission: electrical,

mechanical, and fluid systems.
Most applications actually use a combination of the three systems to obtain

the most efficient overall system.
Fluid systems can transmit power more economically over greater distances
than mechanical systems can. However, fluid systems are restricted to
shorter distances compared to the electrical systems.
The fluid power has greater versatility and manageability. Fluid power is
not hindered by the geometry of the machine, as is the case in mechanical
systems.
systems
In fluid power systems, power can be transmitted in almost limitless

quantities depending on the physical strength of the material used for each
component.
5
Fluid power is well suited for the industrial automation applications
because of advantages in the following four major categories.
categories
1. Ease and accuracy of control. By the use of simple levers and

push buttons,
buttons the operator of a fluid power system can readily start,
start
stop, speed up or slow down, and position forces that provide any
desired horsepower with tolerances as precise as one ten-thousandth
of an inch.
inch
2. Multiplication of force. A fluid power system (without using

cumbersome
b gears, pulleys,
ll andd levers)
l ) can multiply
lti l forces
f simply
i l
and efficiently from a fraction of an ounce to several hundred tons of
output.
3. Constant force or torque. Only fluid power systems are capable

of providing constant force or torque regardless of speed changes.
This is accomplished whether the work output moves a few inches
per hour, or thousands of revolutions per minute. 6
4. Simplicity, safety, economy. In general, fluid power systems use fewer
moving
i partst than
th comparable bl mechanical
h i l or electrical
l t i l systems.
t Th they
Thus th
are simpler to maintain and operate. This, in turn, maximizes safety,
compactness and reliability.
Additional benefits of fluid power systems include instantly reversible

motion, automatic overload protection, infinitely variable speed control and
tthee highest
g est powe
power-per-weight
pe we g t ratio.
at o.
Drawbacks of fluid power
Fluid power systems also have some drawbacks. For example,
Hydraulic oils are messy, and leakage is impossible to eliminate

completely.
l l
Hydraulic lines can burst, possibly resulting in injuries to people due to
high-speed oil jets and flying pieces of metal if proper design is not
implemented.
implemented
7
Prolonged exposure to loud noise, such as that emanating from pumps,
can result in loss of hearing.
hearing
Most hydraulic oils can cause fires if an oil leak occurs in an area of
hot equipment.
In p
pneumatic systems,
y , components
p such as compressed
p air tanks and
accumulators are potentially explosive if the pressure is allowed to
increase beyond safe design limits.
Components of a hydraulic system
There are six components required in a basic hydraulic system:

A tank k (reservoir)
( i ) to hold
h ld the
h hydraulic
h d li oil il
A pump to force the oil through the system
An electric motor or other power source to drive the pump
Valves to control oil direction
direction, pressure,
pressure and flow rate
An actuator to convert the pressure of the oil into mechanical force or
torque to do useful work. Actuators can either be hydraulic cylinders or
hydraulic motors
Piping to carries the oil from one location to another.
8
9
The sophistication and complexity of hydraulic systems may
vary depending on the specific applications.
applications
10
Components of a Pneumatic system
Pneumatic systems have components that are similar to those used in

hydraulic systems.
The following six components are required for a basic pneumatic systems:
An air tank to store a given volume of compressed air
A compressor
p to compress
p the air that comes directlyy from the
atmosphere
An electric motor or other prime mover to drive the compressor
Valves to control air direction, pressure, and flow rate
Actuators which are similar in operation to hydraulic actuators
Piping to carry the pressurized air from one location to another
IIn pneumatici systems after

f the h pressurized
i d air
i is
i spent driving
d i i actuators, it
i
is exhausted back into the atmosphere. On the other hand, in hydraulic
systems the spent oil drains back to the reservoir and is repeatedly used
after being repressurized by the pump as needed by the system.
system
11

Course Number: Me 433 Fluidics Fluidics 3 Credit Hour: PFMHBB R Prof. Mahbubur Razzaque

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COURSE NUMBER: ME 433

Fluid power control deals with generation, control, and transmission

In fact, it is almost impossible to find a manufactured product that

Fluid power systems are designed specifically to perform mechanical

A fluid cylinder produces a force resulting in linear motion, whereas a fluid

Pneumatics systems exhibit spongy characteristics as air is compressible.

There are three basic methods of power transmission: electrical,

Most applications actually use a combination of the three systems to obtain

In fluid power systems, power can be transmitted in almost limitless

1. Ease and accuracy of control. By the use of simple levers and

2. Multiplication of force. A fluid power system (without using

3. Constant force or torque. Only fluid power systems are capable

Additional benefits of fluid power systems include instantly reversible

Drawbacks of fluid power

Fluid power systems also have some drawbacks. For example,

 Hydraulic oils are messy, and leakage is impossible to eliminate

Components of a hydraulic system

There are six components required in a basic hydraulic system:

Pneumatic systems have components that are similar to those used in

IIn pneumatici systems after

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Hydraulic oils are messy, and leakage is impossible to eliminate