Chemical Reactions: Intended Learning Outcomes

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CHEMICAL REACTIONS

PREPARED BY
MRS. CRISTINA P. SORIANO
ENSE/ CHEMISTRY DEPT
TIP-QC

Intended Learning Outcomes


The students should be able to
1. Identify the type of chemical reactions
2. Identify the reactants and products in a
chemical reaction
3. Predict the products of chemical reaction
4. Write a balanced chemical equations

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Chemical Reaction
A process in which one or more substances
are converted into new substances with
different physical and chemical properties

Substances Chemical Reaction New Substances

Reason for chemical reaction


 Through a chemical reaction, atoms have an
opportunity to complete the set of valence
electrons and become more stable.
 An atom with an incomplete set of valence
electrons will bond.

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Reason for Reactions

 OCTET RULE – atoms tend to gain, lose or share


electrons to acquire a full set of valence electrons,
which is typically 8 electrons.

Formation of ionic bond in NaCl (table salt)

Evidences of Chemical Reaction


1. It produces gas.
2. It produces a solid (a precipitate).
3. It changes color.
4. It makes light.
5. It gives off heat (exothermic) or it absorbs
heat (endothermic)

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SUBSTANCES INVOLVED
IN A CHEMICAL REACTIONS

 Reactants – substances that enter


into a chemical reaction
 Products – substances that are
produced by a chemical reactions

CHEMICAL EQUATION
- an equation that uses chemical symbols to show
what happens during chemical reaction

REACTANTS PRODUCTS

-also uses the following symbols


(s) -solid (aq) -aqueous solution Δ - heat
(l) -liquid + - react with/combine with - formation of gas
(g) –gas - to form/yield/produce - formation of precipitate

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Example: Formation of a common table salt
Sodium combines with Chlorine to form
sodium chloride.

2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s)


sodium chlorine sodium chloride
Reactants: Na and Cl2
Product: NaCl

Example: Formation of air pollutant

Sulfur and oxygen gas react to form sulfur


dioxide.

S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g)


Sulfur oxygen sulfur dioxide

Reactants: S and O2
Product: SO2

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Law of Conservation of Matter

 Basis of balancing chemical equation


 states that matter is niether created nor destroyed
in a chemical reaction
 Number of atoms of each element must be the
same before and after chemical reactions.

Number of atoms in reactants = Number of atoms in products

Law of conservation of Mass


 Mass can neither be gained nor lost
through a chemical reaction
 total mass of reactants = total mass of products

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STEPS IN BALANCING CHEMICAL
EQUATIONS

1. Write a formula equation with correct


symbols and formulas.
2. Count the number of atoms of each
element on each side of the arrow.
3. Balance atoms by using coefficients.
4. Check your work by counting atoms of
each element.

Try to Balace the equation:


CO + O2 CO2
Balanced equation:
2CO + O2 2CO2

Ca + O2 CaO
Balanced equation:
2Ca + O2 2CaO

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Types of Chemical reactions
1. Direct Combination
2. Decomposition reactions
3. Single Replacement Reactions
4. Double replacement reactions
5. Neutralization
6. Combustion

Direct Combination Reaction


- also known as Direct Union, Synthesis or
Composition reaction
-Two or more reactants combine to form
a single product.

General form : A + B AB

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Direct Combination
General form : A + B AB
Examples:
2 Na + Cl2 2NaCl
S + O2 SO2
Rusting of Iron
4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3

Example of Direct combination

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Decomposition Reaction
A reaction in which a single reactant is
broken down into two or more smaller
compound or elements

General form: AB A + B

Decomposition Reactions

CaCO3 CaO + CO2


Ca(OH)2 CaO + H 2O
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
H2CO3 H2 O + CO2
2H2O 2H2 + O2

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Example of Decomposition Reaction

DISPLACEMENT Reaction
-also known as REPLACEMENT REACTION
- In this reaction, an ion (or atom) in a
compound is replaced by an ion (or atom) of
another element
- A reaction in which an uncombined element
displaces an element that is part of the
compound.
-The reactants are always one element and one
compound.

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Replacement Reaction
General form:
A + BX AX + B
Examples:
1. Metal Displacement
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
2. Hydrogen Displacement
2Na + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
3. Halogen displacement
Cl2 + 2KBr KCl + Br2

Examples of
Displacement Reaction

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General form:
A + BX AX + B

Examples:
Zn + CuCl2 ---> ZnCl2 + Cu
Cu + AlCl3 --->no reaction
Cl2 + 2NaBr ---> 2NaCl + Br2

Double Replacement Reaction


 Also known as METATHESIS /
DOUBLE DECOMPOSITION / DOUBLE
DISPLACEMENT REACTION
- A reaction that involves the exchange of
parts between the two compounds.

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Double Replacement Reaction
Atoms or ions from two different
compounds replace each other.
There are two compounds as reactants
and two compounds as products.
General Form:
AB + XY AY + XB

Examples of
Double Replacement

CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2CO3

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

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COMBUSTION
 A reaction in which a substance reacts with
oxygen, usually with the release of heat
and light to produce flame
 A rapid exothermic reaction

Complete Combustion
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O + heat

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NEUTRALIZATION
 The reaction between an acid and a base
forming salt and water

General Form:
acid + base salt + water
Example:
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

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Exercise
Given the following chemical reaction,
 Identify the reactants and products
 Determine the type of chemical reactions
 Balance the chemical reaction
(1) NH3 N2 + H2

(2) Hg + O2 HgO

(3) Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2

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