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Conservation and Comprehensive Management Plan Red Fort, Delhi

The Red Fort complex in Delhi is historically and architecturally significant. It was built in the 1600s by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and evolved over the reigns of subsequent Mughal kings. The Red Fort is now protected as a national monument and archaeological site. This document presents a Comprehensive Conservation Management Plan (CCMP) to guide the long-term conservation and management of the Red Fort. The CCMP was developed through extensive research and consultation with stakeholders. It evaluates the current state of the historic buildings and gardens, and provides a framework and priorities for conservation, interpretation, development, and oversight of the site.

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RUSHALI SRIVASTAVA
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474 views

Conservation and Comprehensive Management Plan Red Fort, Delhi

The Red Fort complex in Delhi is historically and architecturally significant. It was built in the 1600s by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and evolved over the reigns of subsequent Mughal kings. The Red Fort is now protected as a national monument and archaeological site. This document presents a Comprehensive Conservation Management Plan (CCMP) to guide the long-term conservation and management of the Red Fort. The CCMP was developed through extensive research and consultation with stakeholders. It evaluates the current state of the historic buildings and gardens, and provides a framework and priorities for conservation, interpretation, development, and oversight of the site.

Uploaded by

RUSHALI SRIVASTAVA
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONSERVATION AND COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN

RED FORT, DELHI

 The Red Fort complex is significant for its historic associations, architecture,
site planning and archaeological remains.
 The complex comprises the Red Fort which was built in 1639 and Salimgarh
fort which pre-dates it by about a century.
 The Red Fort was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan who is recognized
as the greatest Mughal builder and patron of the arts.

HISTORY

 The Red Fort complex evolved through the reigns of Mughal kings till the
uprising of 1857.
 Its significance as a national icon derives from the association of the Red
Fort with the uprising.
 Many Mughal buildings and pavilions exist along the eastern edge of the
Fort precinct.
 This edge is the most picturesque view of the Red Fort and has remained
almost unaltered since the Fort was built.
 The ramparts along all the other edges, though homogenous, are in the
original form.
 It is on the ramparts of the Red Fort that the Indian national flag was
unfurled on 15th August 1947 when India attained independence.
 This continuous narrative makes the Red Fort one of the most unique
historic sites in the country.

CURRENT SCENERIO

In 1914 a large area within the Red Fort was designated as ‘Archaeological Area’
by the British Indian Government. This area comprised most of the Mughal
buildings andemnants of gardens. The remaining part of the Fort was in the
possession of the Army.
MANAGEMENTS –

 The Fort is owned by the Government of India and is in the possession of


the Archaeological Survey of India.
 India. While the Mughal buildings are protected under the Ancient
Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.
 This notification protects the Red Fort complex and its immediate
surrounding areas from building activities that could be detrimental to he
historic fabric. In December 2003, the Indian army handed over the areas in
its possession to the Ministry of Tourism and Culture to facilitate restoration
of the monument.

STATE OF CONSERVATION
 The historic buildings within the Red Fort complex are in varying states of
conservation.
 While the Mughal buildings can be said to be in an overall fair state of
conservation, the components within them including unique decorative
features are in danger of being lost due to various reasons.
 The colonial buildings, meanwhile, are in a serious state of structural decay.
 Many of the buildings are suffering from disuse, inappropriate use or lack of
maintenance.
 The historic gardens and open spaces have been dramatically altered over
the centuries and their recovery and conservation would add significant
value to the site.

STAKE HOLDER

The Red Fort complex presents an amalgam of modern and traditional cultures.
Thus the range of stakeholders is wide and varied. The complex houses an active
market in the Mughal period bazaar building known as the Chatter Bazaar.
Thousands of national and international visitors visit the site daily. The needs of
the site and the visitors lead to the involvement of civic authorities, security
agencies tourism service providers, etc.

THE CCMP- (COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN)

The Comprehensive Conservation Management Plan (CCMP) has been prepared


under a Supreme Court directive. It is the result of a collaborative effort of the
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and the Cultural Resource Conservation
Initiative (CRCI). The process has been an extremely interactive one wherein the
archival research on the archaeology of he site, total station survey of the buffer
area, inventories of the vegetation within the site

The objectives of CCMP are-

 Develop a framework for long-term decision making on the conservation


and enhancement of the cultural heritage value of the site
 Interpret the outstanding universal value of the site to increase public
awareness and appreciation of the site.
 Outline a sustainable approach for future management of the site which
balances conservation of the built fabric and the open spaces, visitor access
and the needs and concerns of the stakeholders and site management.
 Identify the economic and cultural benefits that the site can derive through
the recognition of its significance, and work with the stakeholders and the
site management to maximize these benefits, without damaging the heritage
resource.
 Develop a prioritized programme of action for the conservation and
improvement of the site for all stakeholders and site managers.

PROCESS

 The plan is a joint effort of a multidisciplinary team comprising architects,


surveyors, conservation architects, conservation landscape architects, art
conservators, historians, material scientists, civil engineers, structural
engineers.
 The planning process was undertaken in close interaction with various
departments and agencies which operate from within the Fort and are
responsible for its management.
 The first step in planning process was identification of all the built and open
spaces in a systematic manner.
 A mid-19th century map (Ehlers and Krafft, 1993) and current map of 2006
was used for this purpose. Information collected from both archival sources
and through fieldwork was compiled into two inventories: one for the
historic built fabric and the other for the open spaces.
 The database of the historic buildings is called the ‘Historic Building
Information System’ (HBIS) while that of open spaces is called the ‘Open
Space Inventory’ (OSI). The aim of this comprehensive survey was to
ensure that the conservation plan evolved in a scientific manner.
 the Red Fort has been divided into 16 precincts. The buildings and structures
are approximately 500 in number and falls into three time period .
 There are 27 open spaces and gardens of the Mughal period which were
completely transformed during the colonial period.
 This information enables, among other things, an understanding of the
various typologies of buildings and open spaces as they existed in the
Mughal and later periods.

CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

 The plan details the conservation of historic buildings, decorative features


and landscapes in accordance with the best conservation practices. In
addition to conservation work, this holistic plan focuses on site
revitalization, site interpretation and educational outreach, upgradation of
engineering services, and the development of the buffer zone and the historic
precinct.
 The proposed conservation and revitalization plan focuses on both the macro
(large-scale buildings and landscapes) and micro built environment
(decorative features).
 Many Mughal structures were destroyed during the colonial period and new
structures were constructed. The conservation plan proposes retrieval of the
footprint and spatial boundaries of the historic 1850 plan.
 The revitalization plan for the Fort complex has been conceptualized on the
basis of four zones:
 1. Cultural heritage zone
 2. Cultural activity zone
 3. Institutional zone
 4. Site management zone

IMPLEMENTATION OF CCMP

 The CCMP recognizes the importance of the wide range of mechanisms,


both statutory and no statutory, which already exist to protect and manage
the site and its immediate environs.
 It is recommended that a two tier system be setup for the implementation of
the CCMP; ‘CCMP Consultative Committee’ (chaired by the Director
General of the ASI and comprising members of the relevant organizations)
and a ‘World Heritage Site / Office ,Cell ’ (to be located within the Delhi
Circle of the ASI in the Red Fort).
 A Technical Unit is recommended to be constituted, that shall comprise of a
multidisciplinary team of experts from various fields responsible for
conservation of cultural resources in India including conservation specialists,
historians, educators, designers, community representatives and others.
The operational and management framework for the implementation of the CCMP
is recommended to include:
 Appointment of project coordinator (Site Manager)
 Preparation of an annual work programme
 Coordination of the annual work programme
 Establishment of monitoring procedures and guidelines
 Review of the annual work programme
 Monitoring of the state of conservation of the historic fabric
 Developing mechanisms for reviewing and updating the CCMP
 Explore funding options
 Promotion and advocacy
 Risk management and monitoring limits of acceptable change
 Channelizing and mobilizing resources.

APPROVAL AND ENDORESEMENT OF THE CCMP

 In May 2007, the final draft of the CCMP was presented to the ASI. The
document was closely examined by the various specialists in ASI including
archaeologists, material conservators, conservation architects and site
managers in the Delhi circle. Suggestions made by ASI were subsequently
incorporated in the CCMP
 This revised CCMP document was subsequently sent in April 2008, for
comments and suggestions, to all the members of The ‘technical expert
committee’ which had been appointed under the directive of the honorable
Supreme court.

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