Ispitivanje Korozionih Oštećenja Na Cevima
Ispitivanje Korozionih Oštećenja Na Cevima
Ispitivanje Korozionih Oštećenja Na Cevima
UVOD INTRODUCTION
Kod nerđajućih čelika se često javlja lokalizovana In the stainless steels often appear the localized
korozija u vidu pitinga, korozija u zazorima, corrosion, in the form of pitting, crevice corrosion,
interkristalna i naponska korozija [1-4]. Piting korozija intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking
predstavlja izrazito lokalizovan korozioni napad, pri [1-4]. Pitting corrosion is a highly localized corrosion
čemu dolazi do stvaranja korozionih jamica (pitova). attack, which caused the formation of corrosion pits. It
Utvrđeno je da se pitovi formiraju na mestima was found that the pits are formed on the destruction
razaranja pasivnog filma na površini metala[5]. place of the passive film sites on metal surface [5].
Stepen zaštite koju pruža pasivni film zavisi od The degree of protection, provided by the passive film,
njegove debljine, kontinuiteta, koherentnosti, adhezije depends on its thickness, continuity, coherence,
za metal itd. Ako se film ošteti mehanički ili hemijski, adhesion to metal, etc. If the film is damaged,
može doći do njegovog ponovnog formiranja mechanically or chemically, it could lead to its re-
(repasivacija) ili do odvijanja korozionih procesa. U formation (repasivation) or cause the corrosion
slučaju nerđajućih čelika obrazovanje pitova se odvija processes. In the case of stainless steel, pits are
skoro isključivo u zonama neposredno oko MnS created, exclusively, in the areas around MnS
uključaka. U slučaju zavarenih spojeva pitovi se često inclusions. In the case of welded joints, pits are, often,
obrazuju na mestima sa određenom mikrostrukturom. formed in areas with specific microstructure. The pits
Pitovi se lakše obrazuju na mestima metalurške are easier to form in places of metallurgical
heterogenosti metala. Na primer, hromom heterogeneity of metal. For example, chromium-
osiromašene oblasti, koje nastaju kada se austenitni depleted areas, which occur when the austenitic
nerđajući čelik zagreva do temperature na kojoj se stainless steels heates up to the temperature at which
ZAVARIVANJE I ZAVARENE KONSTRUKCIJE 1/2013, str. 31-39
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PRAKSA PRACTICE
odvija senzibilizacija, su podložne pitingu. Pitovi sensitization apper, are susceptible to pitting. The pits,
takođe mogu da se obrazuju na granicama faza can, also be formed at the interfaces austenite-ferrite
austenit-ferit u zavarenim spojevima nerđajućih čelika. in stainless steel welded joints. Inside the pits, voids,
Unutar pitova, pora, prslina i zazora dolazi do cracks and gaps, come the increase of acidity in
povećanja kiselosti korozione sredine, usled hidrolize corrosive environment, due to the hydrolysis of metal
metalnih jona [6]. ions [6].
Do korozije u zazorima dolazi usled diferencijalne Crevice corrosion due to differential aeration. In the
aeracije. U oblastima sa većom koncentracijom areas with a higher concentration of oxygen, cathode
kiseonika odvija se katodna reakcija, a na mestima sa reaction takes place, and in areas with a lower
manjom koncentracijom kiseonika anodna reakcija. concentration of oxygen, anodic reaction. Due to the
Usled otežanog pristupa kiseonika, čelik unutar limited access of oxygen, depassivation occurs inside
zazora se depasivira i ubrzano anodno rastvara. the crevice of steel and rapidly anodically dissolved.
Takođe, usled hidrolize jona metala, u zazorima se Also, acidic environment formes due to the hydrolysis
formira kisela sredina, odnosno smanjuje se vrednost of metal ions in the crevice, reducing the pH solution,
pH rastvora, što dodatno ubrzava proces razaranja what speeds up the process of metal destruction.
metala. This type of corrosion is the similar behavior as pitting
Ovaj vid korozije podleže sličnim zakonitostima kao i corrosion. The physical and mechanical defects in the
piting korozija. Fizički i mehanički defekti u zavarenom welded joints, such as microcracks, hot and cold
spoju, kao što su mikroprsline, tople i hladne prsline, cracks, gaps of incomplete penetration of welding or
zazori nastali nepotpunim provarom, ili mesta places covered by scraps are the places, where the
prekrivena troskom, su mesta na kojima može doći do electrolytes could be kept. These places are suitable
zadržavanja elektrolita. Ta mesta su pogodna za for the performance crevice corrosion. The stainless
odvijanje korozije u zazorima. Nerđajući čelici sa steels with higher chromium concetration, and
većim sadržajem hroma, a naročito molibdena, znatno especially molybdenum, are much more resistant to
su otporniji prema ovom vidu korozije [1-4]. this type of corrosion [1-4].
Interkristalna korozija je vid lokalne korozije koji se Intergranular corrosion is a form of localized
manifestuje rastvaranjem oblasti granica zrna. corrosion, which manifests itself by dissolving the
Nepravilna termička obrada austenitnih i feritnih grain boundary area. Improper heat treatment of the
nerđajućih čelika izaziva izdvajanje određenih faza u austenitic and ferritic stainless steels, causes the
oblasti granica zrna i brzu interkristalnu koroziju. Ovaj separation of certain phases in grain boundaries and
vid korozije dovodi do velikog pogoršanja mehaničkih rapid intergranular corrosion. This form of corrosion
svojstava metala [1-4]. leades to the large deterioration in the mechanical
properties of metals [1-4].
Naponska korozija je proces tokom koga se odvija
vremenski zavisan rast prsline, kada su ispunjeni Stress corrosion cracking is a process which takes
neophodni elektrohemijski, mehanički i metalurški place in time depending crack growth, if there are
uslovi. Kada se kao proizvod korozionih reakcija na accomplished the necessary electrochemical,
vrhu prsline izdvaja vodonik, rast prsline se može mechanical and metallurgical conditions. When the
odvijati po mehanizmu lokalne vodonične krtosti. product of the corrosion reaction is hydrogen, than
Naponska korozija obično započinje na mestima crack growth could be carried out by local hydrogen
defekata (oblika prsline), koji nastaju pri mašinskoj embrittlement mechanism. Stress corrosion cracking
obradi, zavarivanju itd. Takođe, može početi na usually starts in the areas of defects (cracks form),
površinskim defektima stvorenim u toku procesa which occurs during machining, welding, etc. It can
korozije, kao što je piting, interkristalna korozija itd. starts at surface defects, also created during the
Transformacija pitova u naponsko-korozionu prslinu corrosion processes, such as pitting, intergranular
zavisi od elektrohemijskih uslova na vrhu pita, sastava corrosion, etc. The pits transformation in to stress-
metala, kao i naprezanja i deformacije na dnu pita corrosion cracking depends on the electrochemical
[3,4,7,8]. conditions, metal composition, as well as stress and
strain at the bottom of pit [3,4,7,8]. The aim of this
Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi oblik korozionih paper is to determine form of the corrosion damages,
oštećenja koja su dovela do curenja cevnih instalacija that led to the leak of the pipe installations in brewery
u pivari i da se otkriju uzroci koji su doveli do pojave and to detect the causes that led to the occurrence of
tih oštećenja. damage.
rastvoru kalijum fericijanida i azotne kiseline (feroksil of potassium ferricyanide and nitric acid (ferroxil
metoda), u skladu sa ASTM standardom A380 [9]. method) in accordance with ASTM standard A380 [9].
Pojava tamno plavog obojenja na indikatorskom The appearance of dark blue staining on indicator
papiru (natopljenom feroksil rastvorom), posle držanja paper (soaked with feroxil solution), after holding it
ovog papira u toku određenog vremena na površini within the specified time on the stainless steel surface,
nerđajućeg čelika, ukazuje na prisustvo slobodnog indicates the presence of free iron, or the incomplete
gvožđa, odnosno na nepotpunu pasivaciju tog čelika. passivation of that steel.
Određivanje oblika korozionih oštećenja Determination the forms of corrosion
Oblik i izgled korozionih oštećenja određen je pomoću damage
stereo mikroskopa Technival 2, sa kamerom, The shape and appear of corrosion damages were
proizvođač Carl Zeiss, Jena, na uzorcima cevi, pri determined by using the stereo microscope Technival
uvećanju 25 puta. 2, with the camera, by Carl Zeiss manufacturer, Jena,
on the sample tube, with 25x increasement.
Metalografska ispitivanja
Metalografska ispitivanja su izvršena na poprečnom Metallographic examination
preseku uzoraka cevi. Uzorci su uzeti na na mestima The metallographic tests were carried out on cross
gde je došlo do curenja (perforacije) cevi, na section samples of pipes. The samples were taken at
osnovnom metalu i na zavarenom spoju. Ispitivanja su the place where the tube leaks (perforation), on the
vršena pomoću mikroskopa Neophot 30 sa kamerom, basic material and welded joints. Tests were
proizvođač Carl Zeiss, Jena, na poliranim uzorcima i performed by using microscope with Neophot 30
na uzorcima posle makro nagrizanja u carskoj vodi. camera, by Carl Zeiss manufacturer, Jena, on
polished samples and on the samples after the macro
Zatezna ispitivanja
etching in aqua regia.
Zatezna svojstva nerđajućeg čelika AISI 304L su
određena na univerzalnoj kidalici Amsler pri Tensile Test
standardnoj brzini zatezanja uzoraka (0,125 mm/s). The tensile properties of stainless steel (AISI 304L)
Uzorci u obliku kratkih proporcionalnih epruveta, samples were determined on the Amsler universal
pravougaonog preseka 12,5 x 2 mm i radne dužine 75 tensile testing machine, with standard tensile rate of
komadima, redukcijama i ventilima od čelika AISI other pipe dimensions, knees, T pieces, reducers and
304L (druga šarža) nije zapaženo curenje/vlaženje. valves made of steel AISI 304L (second batch).
Kroz cevovod, odnosno cevi DN65, teče dearisana Through the pipes DN65, flow the deaired water and
voda i sredstvo za pranje (Clean-in-Place, CIP detergent (Clean-in-Place, CIP system) with the
sistem), sledećeg sastava, pri navedenim uslovima following composition, in specified conditions of
temperature i pritiska: 1,8 % rastvor natrijum temperature and pressure: 1.8% sodium hydroxide
hidroksida (NaOH), temperatura oko 80°C; 2 % solution (NaOH), temperature around 80°C, 2% nitric
rastvor azotne kiseline (HNO3), temperatura oko acid solution (HNO3), the temperature about 30°C;
30°C; rastvor persirćetne kiseline, koncentracije 250 peracetic acid solution concentration of 250 ppm,
ppm; pritisak oko 2-2,5 bara. Nakon svakog CIP about 2-2.5 bar pressure. The pipeline is flushed with
ciklusa, cevovod se ispira vodom. water, after each CIP cycles.
Cevi DN65 na kojima je zapaženo curenje/vlaženje DN65 pipes, where it has been observed
proizvedene su od nerđajućeg čelika AISI 304L (šarža leaking/wetting were, manufactured of stainless steel
36668 i 37024). AISI 304L (batch 36668 and 37024). On DN65 pipe
Na uzorcima cevi DN65 od nerđajućeg čelika AISI samples of stainless steel (AISI 304L), 36668 and
304L, šarže 36668 i 37024, vizuelnim pregledom 37024 batches, by visual examination, revealed the
ustanovljeno je mestimično prisustvo korozionih presence of corrosion damage, in spots, on the
oštećenja na spoljnoj strani cevi. outside of the pipes.
Posle sečenja cevi, na unutrašnjoj strani cevi Inside the pipes, after the cutting, it was observed a
zapažena je mestimična pojava korozionih oštećenja partial occurrence of corrosion damages in the form of
u obliku pitinga (duboke jamice čija je dubina znatno pitting (pits with a much greater depth than the
veća od prečnika), koja su na nekim mestima dovela diameter) which, in some places, led to the perforation
do perforacije cevi. Pojava korozionih oštećenja je of the tube. The appearance of corrosion damage is
najviše izražena na donjoj strani cevi, u blizini the most prominent on the underside of pipes, near
zavarenog spoja (slike 2 a-d). the welded joints (Fig. 2 a-d).
a) b)
c) d)
Slika 2: Izgled korozionih oštećenja na cevima DN 65 od nerđajućeg čelika AISI 304L
Figure 2: The appearance of corrosion damage on the stainless steel pipes DN65, AISI 304L
Tabela 1: Rezultati hemijske analize uzorka cevi od nerđajućeg čelika AISI 304L (šarža 37024), (mas.%)
Table 1: The results of chemical analysis of the stainless steel (AISI 304L) sample tube (batch 37024), (wt.%)
C Si S P Mn Ni Cr Mo V Ti W Al
0,027 0,455 0,007 0,008 1,472 9,469 18,45 0,247 0,142 0,04 0,207 0,0208
a) b)
Slika 3: Primeri rezultata ispitivanja prisustva slobodnog gvožđa i pasivacije cevi od nerđajućeg čelika AISI 304L
Figure 3: Examples of test results in presence of free iron and stainless steel (AISI 304L) pipes passivation
a) b)
Slika 4: Izgled korozionih oštećenja (piting) na unutrašnjoj strani cevi od nerđajućeg čelika AISI 304L
Figure 4: The look of corrosion damages (pitting) on the inner tube of stainless steel AISI 304L.
a) b)
Slika 5: Izgled mikrostrukture uzoraka cevi od nerđajućeg čelika a) osnovni metal, b) metal u blizini korozionog oštećenja
Figure 5: The microphotograph of stainless steel pipe samples a) base metal, b) metal near corrosion damage.
a) b)
Slika 6: Izgled mikrostrukture uzoraka cevi od nerđajućeg čelika
a) u blizini zavarenog spoja, polirano stanje, b) izgled zavarenog spoja, nagriženo u carskoj vodi
Figure 6: The microphotograph of stainless steel pipe samples
a) near the weld, polished state, b) the look of the welded joints, after macro etching in aqua regia
nerđajućeg čelika AISI 304L. Prikazana koroziona 304L). Displayed corrosion damages, in the form of
oštećenja u vidu dubokih jamica ukazuju da je reč o deep pits, indicate that this is pitting corrosion.
piting koroziji.
Pitting corrosion was caused by retention of the
Do piting korozije je došlo usled zadržavanja solution in pores and used in places of inclusions and
korišćenih rastvora u porama, na mestima uključaka i damages, on the surface of metal pipes. Progress of
oštećenja koja se nalaze na površini metala cevi. corrosion processes and increase the acidity of the
Odvijanje korozionih procesa i povećanje kiselosti solution presents in the pits, led to the promotion of
prisutnog rastvora u pitovima dovelo je do pitting corrosion in depth of metal pipes or, in the
napredovanja piting korozije u dubinu metala cevi, extreme case, the perforation of pipe.
odnosno u krajnjem slučaju do perforacije cevi.
Metallographic testing of the stainless
Metalografska ispitivanja strukture
steel structure
nerđajućeg čelika
As it is shown in the Figure 5 and 6, in the structure
Kao što se sa prikazanih slika 5 i 6 može videti, u of stainless steels could be noticed a large number of
strukturi nerđajućeg čelika zapaža se veliki broj inclusions and pores. Near the welded joint, number
uključaka i pora. U blizini zavarenog spoja broj of inclusions and pores are significantly increased,
uključaka i pora je znatno povećan, što je verovatno probably due to thermal cycles during welding.
posledica termičkog ciklusa tokom zavarivanja. Displayed defects in the structure are the cause of
Prikazani defekti u strukturi su uzrok smanjene reduced resistance mentioned stainless steel to
otpornosti navedenog nerđajućeg čelika prema koroziji corrosion (pitting corrosion) in the presence of
(piting korozija) u prisustvu korozione sredine (rastvori corrosive environment (solutions listed in Section 3.1).
navedeni u tački 3.1). Na slici 6b prikazan je izgled Figure 6b, shows the layout of the welded joint
zavarenog spoja na cevima od nerđajućeg čelika. stainless steel pipes. It can be observed the
Mogu se uočiti karakteristične oblasti zavarenog spoja, characteristic field of welded joints: weld, heat
odnosno metal šava, zona uticaja toplote (ZUT) i affected zone (HAZ) and base metal.
osnovni metal.
Tensile properties of stainless steel
Zatezna svojstva nerđajućeg čelika
Determination the tensile properties of AISI 304L
Određivanje zateznih svojstava nerđajućeg čelika AISI
stainless steels, was carried out on short proportional
304L izvršeno je na kratkim proporcionalnim
435 665 47
epruvetama koje su izrađene od uzoraka cevi DN65 test specimens, made of pipe samples DN65 (batch
(šarža 36668). U tabeli 2 je prikazana srednja vrednost 36668). Table 2 shows the average value of the
dobijenih rezultata. results.
Zatezna svojstva čelika (u pogledu granice tečenja, Tensile properties of steels (in terms of yield strength,
Rp0,2, zatezne čvrstoće, Rm, i izduženja, A) odgovaraju Rp0,2, tensile strength, Rm, and elongation, A)
nerđajućem čeliku kvaliteta oznake AISI 304L. correspond to stainless steel AISI 304L. The
Povećano prisustvo pora i uključaka u strukturi increased presence of pores and inclusions, in
nerđajućeg čelika nije imalo značajnijeg uticaja na stainless steel structure, had no significant effect on
zatezna svojstva nerđajućeg čelika. the tensile properties of the stainless steel.
DISKUSIJA DISCUSSION
Pasiviran nerđajući čelik AISI 304L u standardnom Passivated stainless steels AISI 304L, in standard
stanju, otporan je prema piting koroziji i ostalim condition, is resistant to pitting corrosion and other
vidovima strukturne korozije, u rastvorima koji su forms of structural corrosion in solutions used for
korišćeni za pranje cevi (CIP sistem) [12]: washing the pipe (CIP systems) [12]:
1,8% rastvor NaOH, temperatura oko 80°C, 1.8% sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), the
2% rastvor azotne kiseline HNO3, temperatura temperature about 80°C,
oko 30°C, 2% nitric acid solution (HNO3), the temperature
rastvor persirćetne kiseline (250 ppm), about 30°C,
pritisak oko 2-2,5 bara. peracetic acid solution (conc. of 250 ppm),
Na dostavljenim uzorcima cevi DN65 od nerđajućeg pressure about 2-2.5 bar.
čelika AISI 304L (šarža 36668 i 37024), vizuelnim On submitted samples of DN65 pipes by stainless
pregledom je ustanovljeno prisustvo korozionih steel AISI 304L (batch 36668 and 37024), the visual
oštećenja na više mesta, na spoljnoj strani cevi. examination revealed the presence of corrosion
Posle sečenja cevi, na unutrašnjoj strani cevi damages, in several places, outside the pipes. Inside
zapažena je mestimična pojava korozionih oštećenja u the pipes, after cutting, was observed a partial
obliku pitinga (duboke jamice čija je dubina znatno occurrence of corrosion damages, in the form of
veća od prečnika), što je na nekim mestima dovelo do pitting (pits with a much greater depth than the
perforacije cevi. Pojava korozionih oštećenja je najviše diameter) which, in some places, led to perforation of
izražena na donjoj strani cevi, u blizini zavarenog the tube. The appearance of corrosion damages is the
spoja. most prominent on the underside of pipes, near the
welded joints.
S obzirom da je sadržaj ugljenika u ispitivanom
nerđajućem čeliku AISI 304L veoma nizak (0,027 As the carbon content, in the tested stainless steels
mas.%), nije verovatno da je tokom procesa AISI 304L, is very low (0.027 wt.%), it is unlikely that,
zavarivanja došlo do izdvajanja karbida hroma po during the welding process, would come the
granicama zrna i smanjenja koncentracije hroma u separation of chromium carbides at grain boundaries
prigraničnim oblastima. Smanjenje sadržaja hroma u and reduce the concentration of chromium in the
ovim oblastima obično je uzrok pojave lokalizovanih border areas. The reduction of chromium in these
vidova korozije u nerđajućem čeliku. areas is, usually, the cause of localized forms of
corrosion in stainless steels.
Na ispitivanim uzorcima cevi DN65 nije ustanovljeno
prisustvo slobodnog gvožđa, što ukazuje da je tokom At the investigated samples of pipes DN65 was not
procesa čišćenja cevi (CIP sistem) došlo do uklanjanja the presence of free iron, which suggests that during
slobodnog gvožđa sa unutrašnje površine cevi, the process of cleaning pipes (CIP System) came the
odnosno do pasivacije. Lokalna pojava plavog removal of free iron from the surface of the inner tube
obojenja na indikatorskom papiru ukazuje na prisustvo and the passivation.
slobodnog gvožđa samo na mestima mehaničkih Local occurrences of blue staining on indicator paper,
oštećenja uzoraka cevi. indicates the presence of free iron only in the areas of
U strukturi ispitivanog nerđajućeg čelika zapažen je mechanical damages to the sample tubes.In the
veliki broj uključaka i pora, posebno u blizini zavarenog structure of the investigated stainless steels it was
spoja. noticed a large number of inclusions and voids,
ZAVARIVANJE I ZAVARENE KONSTRUKCIJE 1/2013, str. 31-39
37
PRAKSA PRACTICE
Ti defekti u strukturi su uzrok smanjene otpornosti especially near the welded joints. These defects,
nerđajućeg čelika prema koroziji (piting korozija) u causes reduce resistance of the stainless steels to
navedenoj korozionoj sredini (rastvori za pranje po CIP corrosion (pitting corrosion) in the mentioned corosive
– sistemu). Piting korozija na mestima pora se odvija environment (solutions for cleaning by CIP - system).
prema sledećem mehanizmu [2]: Pitting corrosion in pores, takes place by the following
2+ + mechanism [2]:
Me + 2H2O = Me(OH)2 + 2H (1)
2+ +
2+ 2+ Me + 2H2O = Me(OH)2 + 2H (1)
Me označava jon metala iz nerđajućeg čelika (Fe ,
2+ 3+ 2+ 2+
Ni , Cr ). Me symbolize the metal ion of stainless steel (Fe ,
2+ 3+
Do piting korozije je došlo usled zadržavanja Ni , Cr ).
korišćenih rastvora u porama, na mestima uključaka i Pitting corrosion was caused by the retention of the
oštećenja koja se nalaze na površini metala cevi, u solution in pores and used in places of inclusions and
blizini zavarenog spoja. damage on the surface of metal pipes.
Usled odvijanja korozionih procesa, došlo je do Due to progress of corrosion process, there was
obrazovanja pitova u kojima je proces korozije creation of pits, in which the corrosion process of
napredovao u dubinu metala, što je u krajnjem slučaju metals advanced in depth, what leaded to perforation
dovelo do perforacije cevi. the pipes.
Prema objavljenim rezultatima istraživanja [6], unutar According to published researches [6], inside the pits
pitova se povećava kiselost rastvora. increase the acidity of the solution. In the case of
stainless steels, the pH of solution in the pit, could be
U slučaju nerđajućih čelika, pH vrednost rastvora u
reduced to pH 1-2.
pitu može se smanjiti do pH 1-2.
Mehanizam odvijanja piting korozije u nerđajućem Mechanism of pitting corrosion in stainless steel, is
čeliku prikazan je na slici 7. shown in Figure 7.
ZAKLJUČAK CONCLUSIONS
Na osnovu prikazanih rezultata ispitivanja može se Based on the obtained testing results, it can be
zaključiti sledeće: concluded:
1. Hemijski sastav nerđajućeg čelika od koga su 1. The chemical composition of stainless steel
izrađene cevi DN65 odgovara nerđajućem čeliku pipes DN65, corresponding to stainless steel
kvaliteta oznake AISI 304L. AISI 304L quality mark.
2. Pasiviran nerđajući čelik AISI 304L u 2. Passivated stainless steel AISI 304L, in standard
standardnom stanju je otporan prema koroziji u conditions, is resistant to corrosion in the
relevantnim rastvorima za pranje cevi. relevant solutions for cleaning pipes.
3. Na unutrašnjoj površini cevi DN65 od nerđajućeg 3. Inside the surface of the stainless steel pipes
čelika (šarža 36668 i 37024) nije prisutno DN65 (36668 and 37024 batch) free iron is not
slobodno gvožđe, što ukazuje da su cevi present, which indicates that the pipes are
pasivirane. passivated.
4. U strukturi nerđajućeg čelika AISI 304L prisutne 4. In the structure of stainless steel AISI 304L
su pore i uključci u velikom broju, posebno u pores and inclusions are present in large
blizini zavarenog spoja. number, especially, near the welded joint.
5. Na unutrašnjoj strani cevi od nerđajućeg čelika 5. Inside the tube of stainless steel AISI 304L
AISI 304L (šarža 36668 i 37024) pojavila su se (batch 36668 and 37024) the corrosion damages
koroziona oštećenja u obliku pitinga, u blizini were appeared, in the form of pitting, near the
zavarenog spoja. welded joint.
6. Zatezna svojstva nerđajućeg čelika od koga su 6. The tensile properties of stainless steel pipes
izrađene cevi DN 65 odgovaraju nerđajućem DN65 correspond to stainless steel quality mark
čeliku kvaliteta oznake AISI 304L. AISI 304L.
7. Usled velikog broja pora i uključaka u strukturi 7. Due to the large number of pores and inclusions,
nerđajućeg čelika, u prisustvu korozione sredine in the structure of stainless steel, in the presence
(rastvori za pranje) došlo je do obrazovanja of corrosive environment (solutions for washing)
pitova, na mestima zadržavanja rastvora, u creations of pits were occurred, in the places
blizini zavarenog spoja. Povećanje kiselosti where the solutions are hold in, near the welded
rastvora u obrazovanim pitovima dovelo je do joints. The increase in acidity of pits, led to the
napredovanja procesa korozije u dubinu metala, progress of the corrosion process in depth of
što je u krajnjem slučaju prouzrokovalo metals, which, ultimately, resulted in the
perforaciju cevi. perforation of tube.
Zahvalnica Acknowledgements
Rad je finansiran od strane Ministarstva za The study was financed by the Ministry of Education
obrazovanje i nauku Republike Srbije, projekti TR No. and Science of the Republic of Serbia, project No.
34028 i TR No. 34016. 34028 and No. 34016.
LITERATURA / REFERENCES
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[2] R. Revie, and H. Uhlig, Corrosion and Corrosion Control: An Introduction to Corrosion Science and Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey,
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[5] G.S. Frankel, Pitting Corrosion, Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection, Vol 13A, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 2003, p 236–241.
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[9] ASTM A380 Standard Practice for Cleaning and Descaling Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment and Systems.
[10] SRPS EN 10002-1 Metalni materijali - Ispitivanje zatezanjem - Deo 1: Metoda (ispitivanja na sobnoj temperaturi).
[11] SRPS EN 288 Kvalifikacija tehnologije zavarivanja metalnih materijala.
[12] Active Library® on Corrosion, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992.
"PANON VAGON " d.o.o, osnovan 2004 godine, pruža kvalitetne usluge obezbeđenja proizvodnje,
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