Multiple Choice - FPMan

Foresters’ Licensure Examination
2005 Edition
PART II. FOREST PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
1. A method of hewing branches of big trees with wide-spreading branches before felling operation Comment [APV1]: 4/27/04 9:47:06 AM:
Replaced for 2004 by #1_FPM_After-Review Test
to avoid or minimize damages to residuals
a. lopping off b. bucking c. skylining d. pruning
2. Animal Unit Month (AUM) means the quantity of forage requirement of one (1) mature cow for a
period of:
a. one month b. one year c. one day d. one week
3. Soil structure, soil fertility, soil pH, and soil water and drainage are examples of what site factor? Comment [APV2]: 4/27/04 9:55:49 AM:
a. edaphic b. environmental c. biotic d. climatic
4. The classification of the lands of the public domain into alienable and disposal or forest lands is a
responsibility of the Bureau of:
a. Lands c. Soils
b Fisheries d. Forest Development
5. A balance between food, cover and animal population is a primary objective of:
a. wildlife management c. watershed management
b. timber management d. recreation management
6. A cutting made to remove trees killed or badly injured to utilize sound materials before they
become worthless
a. salvage cutting c. selection cutting
b. coppicing d. clearcutting
7. Hunting and fishing activities have a direct impact on:
a. wildlife populations c. water regimen
b. timber production d. natural regeneration
8. Prices of timber were surveyed in a certain locality. The average free on board (FOB) market Comment [APV3]: 4/27/04 10:04:41 AM:
price of a certain group of timber was P1,275.00 per cu m. What was the corresponding forest Replaced for 2004 by #10_FPM_After-Review Test
charge?
a. P382.50/cu m b. P191.25/cu m c. P255.00/cu m d. P318.75/cu m
9. Refers to small, fenced grazing lands that may have been improved by reseeding, fertilizing or Comment [APV4]: 4/27/04 10:09:38 AM:
irrigation
a. pasture c. backyard garden
b. rangeland d. sloping agricultural land
10. A watershed is said to be critical when it is:
a. in need of immediate reforestation
b. supporting a logging business
c. supporting a multipurpose dam and in need of reforestation
d. erosion is prevalent
11. The process of allocating land to specific use or combination of uses is called:
a. land-use planning c. land use valuation
b. land evaluation d. land capability
12. To bring about forest cover through artificial means to denuded areas with or without previous
forest vegetation is referred to as:
a. reforestation b. afforestation c. deforestation d. forestation
13. Timber in the natural forest are largely harvested and disposed of through:
a. stumpage sales c. public bidding
b. government licensing systems d. negotiated contracts
14. The money collected by the Bureau of Internal Revenue from loggers for timber cut from forest
lands is called:
a. forest charges b. reforestation fund c. stumpage price d. forest rent
15. The arrangement of natural streams on a watershed is referred to as:
43
a. drainage basin c. watershed discharge

b. drainage network d. aspect
16. Benefit-cost analysis involves consideration of:
a. benefit and cost of a project c. return on investment
b. alternative investment d. net present value
17. Ancestral lands refer to lands claimed by:
a. upland farmers c. shifting cultivation
b. kaingineros d. cultural communities
18. Aerial photos are very useful in:
a. timber inventories c. land capability surveys
b. wildlife surveys d. streamflow gauging
19. A measure of the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded to price changes
a. deflation c. inflation
b. elasticity d. fluctuation
20. Drainage density of a watershed refers to:
a. stream quantity c. sediment load
b. water volume d. silt load
21. The larger and heavier sediments like sands and gravels that are sliding, rolling or bouncing along
the bottom or bed of a stream is technically called:
a. bedrock c. solid suspension
b. bedload d. silt
22. Vertical exposure assembled by cutting, matching, and pasting together into a large photograph
that appears as a single print is called:
a. photomosaic c. aerial map
b. photographic map d. aerial photo
23. A type of aerial photograph most adapted to forest inventories:
a. oblique photographs c. horizontal photographs
b. vertical photographs d. low oblique photographs
24. A photo scale is also referred to as:
a. representative fraction c. parallax formula
b. natural scale d. differential parallax
25. A community of trees possessing sufficient uniformity as regards composition, age and spatial
arrangement:
a. forest stand c. ecosystem
b. forest community d. setup
26. Refers to the accumulated growth of trees in a stand:
a. yield b. mortality c. accretion d. production
27. A tabular presentation that gives the volume of a standing tree given DBH, log length and species
group is a:
a. volume table c. stand and stock table
b. yield table d. site index
28. In timber inventory "log" refers to:
a. a standing tree c. the length of a standing tree
b. a felled tree d. 5-meter section of log
29. The dot-dash tally sheet is used in:
a. scaling felled logs c. tallying standing timber
b. recording damaged residuals d. computing volume of trees
30. The removal of undesirable species is a stand for the purpose of improving the quality of the
desired trees is referred to as:
a. pruning c. timber stand improvement-
b. release cutting d. selection cutting
44
31. This is an intermediate cut, the purpose of which is to provide more growing space to the
preferred trees in the stand:
a. thinning c. sanitation cutting
b. pruning d. release cutting
32. Slope is a basic consideration in land classification. As a rule, the maximum gradient allowable
for alienable and disposable lands is:
a. 17 percent c. 10 percent
b. 19 percent d. 15 percent
33. Land-use planning involves:
a. land-use allocation c. land capability evaluation
b. land suitability classification d. all of the above
34. Government regulations provide that the maximum gradient of lands allowed for grazing is:
a. 18 percent c. 49 percent
b. 20 percent d. 40 percent
35. The diameter of a tree with a circumference of 226.2 cm Comment [APV5]: 4/27/04 10:17:24 AM:
a. 72 b. 47 c. 88 d. 69
36. The objective/s of establishing buffer zones between production forests and areas used for Comment [APV6]: 4/27/04 10:23:24 AM:
agricultural and other purposes is/are: (1) to serve as protective belt on the exposed natural
forest from encroachment and destruction; and (2) to provide livelihood opportunities to rural
communities
a. Only objective 2 is correct c. Only objective 1 is correct
b. Both objectives are incorrect d. Both objectives mentioned are correct
37. A poisonous weed common in pasture lands is hagonoy or "bungargar". It's scientific name is:
a. Paspalum sp. c. Chromolaena odorata
b. Amorpopalus campanulatus d. Agathis alba
38. Stewardship certificates are long-term forest occupancy permits issued by the [BFD], under its:
a. Integrated Social Forestry Program c. Range Management Program
b. Forestation program d. PROFEM
39. The volume of timber a licensee is allowed to cut inside his timber concession per year is called:
a. annual allowable cut c. annual field
b. annual log export quota d. annual increment
40. One of the following is not a measure of determining the financial or economic value of forest Comment [APV7]: 4/27/04 10:29:17 AM:
land and/or forest resources Replaced for 2004 by #24_FPM_After-Review Test
a. Benefit-cost ratio c. Internal rate of return

b. Consumer index d. Net present value
41. Approaches to allowable cut determination are classified generally into area control and … Comment [APV8]: 4/27/04 10:31:22 AM:
a. marking goal c. volume control
b. site index d. number of trees
42. The amount by which one photograph includes the same area covered by another, customarily Comment [APV9]: 4/27/04 10:33:17 AM:
expressed as a percentage -
a. parallax c. photographic lapse
b. overlay d. overlap
43. A method used for wildlife inventory that makes use of a devise in order to live capture and take Comment [APV10]: 4/27/04 10:34:23 AM:
a certain animal species -
a. quadrat method c. trapping
b. rapid visual survey d. shooting
44. A grazing method where livestock are stalled separately from the grazing area and herbage is cut Comment [APV11]: 4/27/04 11:35:45 AM:
and carried to the animals for feeding Replaced for 2004 by #52_FPM_After-Review Test
a. continuous grazing c. rotational grazing

b. zero grazing d. none of the above
45. An instrument used for determining elevation Comment [APV12]: 4/27/04 11:38:27 AM:
a. altimeter b. caliper c. abney hand level d. clinometer
45
46. If the distance between two objects on a photograph is 1 centimeter and on a map with a scale
of 1:20,000 the same objects are one-half centimeter apart, the scale of the photograph is:
a. 1/10,000 b. 1/20,000 c. 1/5,000 d. 1/15,000
47. Volume control means regulating timber cutting by specifying:
a. the species to cut c. the volume that shall be cut
b. the sizes of trees to be cut d. the area where cutting is done
48. Timber stand improvement (TSI) involves the:
a. cutting of vines, defective trees and weeds c. enrichment planting
b. marking of trees to be left after logging d. prescribed burning
49. The purpose of TSI is to:
a. improve site quality c. improve water yield
b. produce high-quality d. prevent the incidence of pest
tree crops and accelerate growth
50. The selective logging system specifies that healthy residuals should be:
a. distributed around the spar tree c. located along cableways
b. concentrated around the spar tree d. concentrated along the setup boundary
51. Residual inventory is one of the major phases of selective logging. Its purpose is to:
a. determine the residual growing stock c. assess damage to the site
b. find out how much timber was cut d. determine logging efficiency
52. Wilderness areas are intended for:
a. timber production c. agro-forestation
b. environmental protection d. forage production
53. Arbor week falls in the month of:
a. January b. June c. July d. August
54. A land area drained by a stream or fixed body of water and its tributaries having a common outlet
for surface runoff is called a:
a. watershed c. watershed reserve
b. critical watershed d. lake
55. The discount rate that equates the various costs and benefits anticipated in future years Comment [APV13]: 4/27/04 11:42:55 AM:
a. Present Net Worth c. Internal rate of return Replaced for 2004 by #55_FPM_After-Review Test
b. inflation rate d. Payback interest

56. Trees less that 5 cm in diameter and at least 1.3 m in height (30 cm for pine) are classified as Comment [APV14]: 4/27/04 11:43:50 AM:
a saplings c. reproductions Replaced for 2004 by #63_FPM_After-Review Test
b. sawtimbers d. poletimbers
57. The immediate impact of a ban on log exports would be:
a. a drop in log production c. an increase in foreign exchange
b. an increase in log production d. a decrease in wood processing
58. A project with a benefit-cost ratio of 1 means the total:
a. project cost is equal to project benefit
b. project cost is greater than project benefit
c. project cost is 1 percent more than project benefit
d. project cost is less than project benefit
59. The spacing between 100 sample plots systematically distributed in a 10,000-hectare forest would
be:
a. 1 km x 1 km c. 100 m x 100 m
b. 2 km x 5 km d. 10 km x 10 km
60. A circular plot with a radius of 18 meters has an area of:
a. 0.1 ha b. 1.0 ha c. 1.8 ha d. 18 ha
61. The silvicultural system used in the pine forests of the country is the:
a. seed-tree method c. clear-cutting system
b. shelterwood method d. selective logging system
46
62. The purpose of thinning is to:

a. provide more growing space to favored trees c. provide better habitat for wildlife
b. prevent the spread of disease in the stand d. harvest matured and over-matured trees
63. Land classification is a function of the:
a. [Bureau of Lands*] c. Bureau of Forest Development *now LMB
b. Bureau of Soils d. Bureau of Agricultural Extension
64. How many seedlings will Ka Pilo have to raise if he wants to plant his 4.2 ha land using 3m x 2m Comment [APV15]: 4/27/04 1:59:09 PM:
spacing and a 10% stock reserve for replacement in case of mortality?
a. 6,650 b. 7,001 c. 4,070 d. 7,700
65. Ancestral lands refer to lands of the public domain that are:
a. claimed by cultural communities c. occupied by squatters
b. occupied by settlers d. occupied by Mangyan tribes
66. A long-term privilege granted by the state to a person to occupy and possess a grazing land of
the public domain is called:
a. forest land grazing lease c. pasture permit
b. provision pasture permit d. pasture lease
67. A measure of soil cover provided by vegetation or the abundance of established plants is called:
a. plant cover index c. site quality
b. site index d. plant index
68. Sediment content of water from a watershed is a function of the:
a. topography of a watershed c. soil characteristics of the watershed
b. degree of erosion in the watershed d. size of the catchment area.
69. Cutting cycle refers to the period between two major harvests in the same cutting area. What is Comment [APV16]: 4/27/04 2:00:17 PM:
the cutting cycle (in years) for areas falling within climatic type 3 (season not very pronounced,
relatively dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year).
a. 30 b. 40 c. 35 d. 45
70. One of the following is not considered a climatic factor: Comment [APV17]: 4/27/04 2:00:37 PM:
a. species diversity c. rainfall
b. relative humidity d. temperature
71. Some timber species are endangered and as such their exploitation is restricted. Examples of
such species are:
a. almaciga and ipil c. dao and apitong
b. narra and ipil-ipil d. kalantas and mayapis
72. Under Presidential Decree 1749 certain lands of the public domain have been entrusted to the
Ministry of Energy for management and administration. One of such lands is the:
a. Mt. Apo National Park c. Ambuklao-Binga watershed
b. Tiwi Geothermal Reservation d. Angat watershed
73. Land set aside for the grazing of domestic livestock by the residents of a municipality is called:
a. communal grazing land c. domestic grazing land
b. pasture lands d. rangeland
74. Timber harvesting in the dipterocarp forests is regulated based on the principle of:
a. area control c. area and volume control
b. volume control d. log export quota
75. The selective logging system:
a. ignores non-dipterocarp species c. ignores dipterocarp species
b. includes non-dipterocarp species d. includes both dipterocarp and non-dipterocarp
76. The number of years required to establish and grow timber crops to a specified condition of
maturity.
a. rotation b. cutting cycle c. period of adjustment d. period of increment
77. The dipterocarp forests are:
a. even-aged c. a mixture of even-aged and uneven-aged stands
b. uneven-aged d. predominantly even-aged
47
78. Among the logging systems employed in the country the least destructive is:
a. tractor logging c. highlead
b. truck logging or Bataan system d. highlead-skyline combination
79. Removal of a strip of bark about 10-20 cm wide along the circumference of a tree with the Comment [APV18]: 4/27/04 2:05:52 PM:
intention of killing it without felling
a. salvaging b. trimming c. girdling d. flanging
80. Underground divide that fixes boundary of an area that contributes groundwater to each stream Comment [APV19]: 4/27/04 2:07:53 PM:
system
a. phreatic divide c. aquifer
b. stream limit d. watershed divide
81. Timber licenses have a maximum tenure of:
a. 5 years c. 15 years
b. 10 years d. 25 years renewable for another 25 years
82. Forest charges on timber cut in forest lands:
a. are constantly adjusted following price trends c. are adjusted every 5 years
b. are more or less constant d. are adjusted every 10 years
83. It is the scientific management of forests for the continuous production of goods and services:
a. Forestry c. Forestry Biometry
b. Tree Morphology d. Timber Management
84. No harvest of timber in any forest land shall be allowed unless it has been the subject of at least Comment [APV20]: 4/27/04 2:10:13 PM:
____ percent inventory, or any statistically sound timber estimate, made not earlier than 5 years
prior to the issuance of a license allowing such utilization (PD 705, Sec 24) -
a. 2 b. 10 c. 5 d. 20
85. It is the process of utilizing men and material resources towards attainment of specific objectives:
a. business c. supervision
b. management d. planning
86. The Philippines has a total land area of approximately:
a. 35 million hectares c. 30 million hectares
b. 20 million hectares d. 50 million hectares
87. The place where logs are pulled by a cable-hauling system for loading on a wheeled
transportation. It is immediately adjacent to a road or railroad.
a. logpond c. cutting area
b. log landing d. working area
88. A classification of trees according to size Comment [APV21]: 4/27/04 2:12:22 PM:
a. intermediate b. dominant c. overtopped d. pole Replaced for 2004 by #77_FPM_After-Review Test
89. Any manipulation in a stand that occurs between two regeneration periods. It is done to ensure
the desired composition, stem quality, spacing and growth performance in a given developing
stand.
a. enrichment planting c. clearcutting
b. intermediate treatment d. prescribed burning
90. In the Philippines, grazing in forest lands is limited to areas having a slope of:
a. 18% below c. less than 50%
b. 50% and above d. 19 - 49%
91. Area drained by a river system supporting existing and proposed hydroelectric power and
irrigation works needing immediate rehabilitation.
a. watershed c. watershed reservation
b. critical watershed d. drainage area
92. It consists of a bar which is calibrated with two arms perpendicular to the bar such that one arm
is fixed at zero point while the other is movable.
a. calibrator b. diameter tape c. biltmore stick d. tree caliper
93. The operation of moving logs from a cold deck or a hot deck to a landing by a tractor.
a. swinging b. roading c. switching d. moving
48
94. A piece of wood having dimensions of 1 inch x 12 inches x 12 inches has a volume of:
a. 1 board foot c. 2 board ft.
b. 10 board feet d. 5 board feet
95. Refers to the benefit forgone when a factor of production is withdrawn from an alternative course
of action
a. opportunity cost c. net loss
b. disbenefit d. bankruptcy
96. The branch of forestry which deals with altering the attitude, behavior and skills of forest
occupants towards conservation:
a. forest policy c. forest law enforcement
b. forestry extension d. forest influences
97. Device which measures the quantity or rate of downward water movement through the soil, or
collect such percolated water for analysis as to quality
a. discharge instrument c. percolator
b. runoff meter d. lysimeter
98. It is the operation of pulling logs from where they are felled and bucked to the first concentration
point:
a. swinging b. landing c. yarding d. hauling
99. One animal unit is equivalent to:
a. 600 kilograms c. 455 kilograms
b. 350 kilograms d. 1,000 kilograms
100. It refers to shifting cultivation practices on land normally not suitable for permanent field crop
cultivation.
a. kaingin c. slash and burn
b. swidden agriculture d. all of the above
101. The displacement of an object following the line of flight:
a. parallax difference c. absolute parallax
b. parallax d. Y-parallax
102. In the current reorganization of the DENR, the Land Classification staff of the Bureau of Forest
Development has been transferred to the:
a. National Management and Resources Information Agency
b. National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
c. Natural Resources Management Center
d. Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Surveys
103. The average of a given number of values or observations:
a. mean c. median
b. mode d. standard deviation
104. That part of the public domain characterized by extreme weather conditions, acidic soil, steep
slopes and poor vegetative soil cover:
a. sand dunes c. rangeland
b. pastureland d. savannah
105. Branch of Forestry which deals with volume determination of logs and standing trees including
the study of increments and yields.
a. Forest mensuration c. Silviculture
b. Forest inventory d. Forest surveying
106. The silvicultural system prescribed for mangrove forests in the Philippines.
a. seed-tree and plant c. clearcutting
b. seed-tree d. selective logging
107. It is a market situation wherein there is one seller of one specific product.
a. pure monopoly c. pure competition
b. monopoly d. monopolistic competition
49
108. The most common grass species found in Philippine rangelands.

a. Themeda triandra c. Imperata cylindrica
b. Capillepedium parviflorum d. Crysophogon aciculatus
109. Wilderness areas are primarily intended to:
a. timber production c. recreation
b. preservation of forest resources d. watershed
110. The process of removing the buttresses of trees.
a. flanging c. bucking
b. debarking d. felling
111. Feed resulting from storage and fermentation of green or wet crops under anaerobic conditions.
a. soilage c. silage
b. roughage d. browse
112. It is a skyline system, which is rigged by threading the mainline through the fall block and
shackling the end of the mainline to the carriage.
a. northbend c. interlocking skidder
b. tyler d. high-lead
113. That part of the current leaf and twig growth of shrubs, woody vines and trees available for
animal consumption.
a. silage c. forage
b. browse d. roughage
114. Which of the following is not a “crown class”? Comment [APV22]: 4/27/04 2:18:45 PM:
a. intermediate c. dominant Replaced for 2004 by #84_FPM_After-Review Test
b. even-aged d. suppressed
115. The amount derived after deducting total costs from the total revenues.
a. net loss c. net gain
b. net profit d. all of the above
116. Conservation is not synonymous with:
a. wise use c. sustained yield
b. optimum utilization d. maximum utilization
117. Refers to a levy being imposed by the government on timber and other forest products cut in Comment [APV23]: 4/27/04 2:22:50 PM:
forest land by the permittee and TLA/TPSA holders the rate of which is provided under Sections
70, 71, and 72 of RA No. 7161
a. license fee c. environmental fee
b. forest charges d. monitoring and evaluation charges
118. A concept of harvesting tree-crops intended to bring about a balance between annual growth and
yield.
a. conservation c. sustained yield
b. selection d. stumpage valuation
119. Twenty (20) height measurements were randomly taken from a plantation. If the mean was
computed at 13.5 and the standard deviation was 2.52, what was the variance? -
a. 6.37 b. 2.31 c. 7.52 d. 10.08
120. A summary table using number of trees by species and diameter class for any given area.
a. stand table c. volume table
b. stock table d. yield table
121. In a moving cable system, the chaser is assigned to:
a. rig the spar tree c. supervise the choke setters
b. give signal to the donkey engineer d. unhook the chokers from the logs at the landing
122. It is the vertical distance between an airplane and the ground level at the time of aerial
photography.
a. flying height c. flight line
b. nadir d. principal point
50
123. A method of easing animal stress on grazing lands:

a. rotation grazing c. inbreeding
b. waning d. continuous grazing
124. It is the process by which precipitation is caught and held by foliage, branches of trees, and
lesser vegetation, or by surface debris.
a. interception c. infiltration
b. transpiration d. absorption
125. DBH is measured at a height of:
a. 1.4 meters c. 1.5 meters
b. 1.3 meters d. 1.6 meters ... above the ground
126. Goods that consumers want to buy but do not want to spend much time in buying same:
a. shopping goods c. convenience goods
b. luxury goods d. specialty goods
127. A stacked wood measure having a dimension of 1 meter x 1 meter x 2 meters.
a. talaksan c. board foot
b. cord d. pen
128. It is the systematic method of cutting trees in the forest to build up and keep in order a forest
business.
a. forest management c. forest regulation
b. forest mensuration d. forest inventory
129. A kind of map which indicates the differences in elevation and shows the contour of terrain is
called:
a. planimeter map c. topographic map
b. base map d. operations map
130. It is concerned with the cutting of timber leading to sustained yield forest products,
periodically/annually.
a. forest administration c. forest exploration
b. forest management d. forest mensuration
131. An increment is the increase of growth in: Comment [APV24]: 4/27/04 2:25:03 PM:
a. diameter of a tree c. no. of trees in the stand Increment may also mean increase in volume
depending on how the term is used
b. volume of a tree d. no. of plants per hectare
132. A tabulated statement of the group of stock classified as to the species and diameter in a given
forest area is called:
a. yield table c. income statement
b. volume table d. volume increment
133. It is the amount of wood materials removed from year to year in a working unit or licensed area.
a. cutting cycle c. cutting volume
b. cutting budget d. sustained yield
134. The privilege granted by the State to a person to occupy and possess, in consideration of a
specified rental any forest land of the public domain in order to undertake any authorized activity
therein is:
a. license agreement c. license
b. permit d. lease
135. Tapping depth of almaciga trees for gathering resin shall not exceed
a. 3/4 of the bark c. 1/2 of the bark
b. 1/4 of the bark d. 1.3 of the bark
136. In extracting tanbark or dyebark, the strip of the bark should have a width of at least:
a. 1/3 of the circumference of the tree c. 1/2 of the circumference of the tree
b. 2/3 of the circumference of the tree d. 1/4 of the circumference of the tree
137. Refers to a sound or slightly injured tree of the commercial species left after logging.
a. residual c. cull
b. seedling d. healthy residual
51
138. A forest sampling procedure where sampling units are selected at equally spaced intervals over a Comment [APV25]: 4/27/04 2:28:35 PM:
whole forest area
a. random sampling c. stratified sampling
b. interval sampling d. systematic sampling
139. A notch cut in a tree in felling used to determine the fall is called
a. bucking c. back cut
b. cross cutting d. under cut
140. It is the conscious application of ecological principles to increase the long-range returns to man
from livestock, water and other range resources.
a. livestock management c. wildlife management
b. grazing management d. range management
141. In the determination of the annual allowable cut for the second growth dipterocarp forest, what is Comment [APV26]: 4/27/04 2:31:17 PM:
the value of the reduction factor to compensate for logging inefficiency, internal defects, and to
allow for deficiency in attaining a satisfactory residual stand?
a. 0.70 b. 0.60 c. 0.50 d. 0.75
142. It is the acceptance of adequate compensation or a substantial amount by a license from any
person for permission to cut or extract forest products in the farmer's area
a. forest rental c. farming
b. royalty d. dummy
143. In range management, the carrying or grazing capacity is computed based on Comment [APV27]: 4/27/04 2:30:35 PM:
a. forage production c. forage consumption
b. proper use factor d. all of the above
144. For compensatory proceedings, it is the value of a piece of forest property that has been
damaged by fire
a. depreciated value c. appraised value
b. forest rent d. forest capital
145. The number, size, shape and distribution of sample units is referred to as the
a. logging set-up c. sample plots
b. sampling design d. sampling method
146. Any turning of an airplane which causes its longitudinal axis to vary is called
a. dotgrid c. displacement
b. crab d. bridging
147. The extension and adjustment of photogrammetry surveys between bands of ground control is
known as
a. pallarax b. bridging c. nadir d. delineation
148. A method of selecting samples where the chances of one sample being selected out of the total
number of samples is equal to all others is known as
a. shadow method c. equal sampling
b. systematic sampling d. random sampling
149. It is an important practice that the ends of logs and lumber are coated with paints, the purpose is
a. to be able to differentiate one species from another
b. to prevent the occurrence of collapse
c. to prevent warping
d. to prevent the formation and development of checks
150. The total volume losses in remaining forest stand after timber harvests, natural mortality and
other causes is called
a. acretion c. negative growth
b. increment d. drain
151. A predominant tree of undesirable species that deprives adjoining trees of growing space and
light requirements is referred to as the
a. wolf tree c. dominant tree
b. suppresor tree d. overtopped tree
52
152. The process of yarding logs into a larger pile before starting the next transportation move is
a. hot decking c. hot logging
b. cold decking d. skidding
153. Based on topography, the government made it a policy to confine grazing land to forest lands
having a slope of
a. 18 percent and below c. above 50 percent
b. between 18 to 50 percent d. above 18 percent
154. A form of cable yarding system whereby the logs being yarded from the stump site to the log
landing or loading point is partially lifted from ground level
a. northbend c. highlead
b. slackline d. bataan logging
155. The application of business methods and technical forestry principles in the operation of a forest
property is
a. timber management c. forest finance
b. forest management d. forest utilization
156. As delineated for convenience of logging operation, it serves temporarily as the smallest
management unit for administrative and record keeping purposes and as reference for inspection
and control
a. set-up c. logging site
b. working unit d. parcel
157. The process of regenerating lost forest stands to restore ecological balance is
a. forest renewal c. planting
b. broadcasting d. kaingin making
158. A system of cutting or logging which is best suited to even-aged stand.
a. selection cutting c. intermediate cutting
b. seed tree cutting d. clearcutting
159. A plant species used for predicting site index
a. plant indicator c. residual
b. littoral species d. harvestable species
160. It is an instrument used for measuring the area of any plane by tracing its boundary is called
a. perimeter c. planimeter
b. pantograph d. plotting
161. Refers to a tract of public forest set aside for the exclusive use of the community/municipality
wherein forest products are extracted for personal use
a. grazing land c. communal forest
b. public forest d. national park
162. A sampling intensity in which 5% of the population is covered by the area of sample units
a. 5% sampling estimate c. 5% sampling unit
b. 5% sampling error d. 5% sampling design
163. Refers to the increase in the diameter, basal area, height, volume, quality or value of individual
trees or stands in relation to time.
a. increment c. expansion Comment [APV28]: 4/27/04 2:33:54 PM: See
b. volume d. grade Number 131. It’s confusing
164. The relative relish with which forage plants are consumed by domestic livestock or other animals
a. grazing capacity c. cutting
b. palatability d. overgrazing
165. The stunted trees or brush often in dense stand
a. pole c. seedling
b. scrub d. stumpage
166. The removal of live or dead branches from standing trees
a. thinning c. pruning
b. cutting d. girdling
53
167. This minor log transport system has a permanently tensioned and elevated skyline with Comment [APV29]: 4/27/04 2:36:40 PM:
intermediate supports above the ground, giving the necessary clearance for a fully suspended log
transport; and a self-clamping slack pulling carriage and stationary power -
a. ground skidding b. cable crane c. self-loading d. highlead
168. Refers to a section of the bole or a large branch of a felled tree after cross cutting or bucking
a. log b. branch c. stump d. timber
169. The science or art of obtaining reliable measurements by means of photography is known as
a. surveying c. forest engineering
b. forest mensuration d. photogrametry
170. Classification of forest/stand based on use
a. even-aged or uneven-aged c. protection or plantation
b. high or low d. pure or mixed
171. The forest stands found in swampy tidal areas and composed of mangrove and associated
species
a. mangrove forest c. bakauan species
b. mossy forest d. nipa palms
172. Refers to logged-over areas with an existing stand of timber containing less than 20 trees of Comment [APV30]: 4/27/04 2:39:00 PM:
dipterocarps, premium and/or other commercial species with diameter at breast height or above
buttress of more than 20 centimeters
a. Grassland area c. reforestation area
b. inadequately-stocked residual forest d. open/denuded area
173. Experimental forests are forest lands set aside for these purposes Comment [APV31]: 4/27/04 2:39:53 PM:
a. scientific, educational and research c. instruction, research and education
b. tourism, educational and exploitation d. education, logging and recreation
174. Present policies provide that the minimum gradient of lands classified as forest lands is
a. 20% b. 18% c. 50% d. 25%
175. The act of cutting or severing the tree from the stump is
a. bucking b. felling c. girdling d. skidding
176. Any irregularity in a tree, log, piece/product, lumber is
a. cup b. defect c. check d. disease
177. The apparent displacement of the position of a body with respect to a reference point or system
caused by a shift in the point of observation
a. parallax c. stereoscopy
b. photogrammetry d. photo scale reciprocal
178. A 20% sampling intensity in a 500-ha forest is desired. If a line-plot sampling method using 17.84 Comment [APV32]: 4/27/04 2:41:51 PM:
Replaced for 2004 by #97_FPM_After-Review Test;
m radius plot was used, how many of these plots should be established? good for mock exam and NFO reviewer
a. 850 b. 720 c. 1,000 d. 2,200
179. Process to measure and describe the quantity and quality of forest trees and other characteristics
of the land area where trees are growing
a. census c. forest inventory
b. reconnaissance survey d. site evaluation
180. An instrument used in aerial photo interpretation
a. stethoscope c. microscope
b. stereoscope d. pantograph
181. Site factor relating to man and his influence over the development, establishment as well as Comment [APV33]: 4/27/04 2:48:29 PM:
destruction of forest vegetation Replaced for 2004 by #98_FPM_After-Review Test
a. anthropogenic c. edaphic
b. biotic d. physiographic
182. The measurement of the diameter of trees with buttress more than 1.3 meters from the ground is
made at
a. 10 cm above the buttress c. 30 cm above the buttress
b. 20 cm above the buttress d. 15 cm above the buttress
54
183. A timber inventory was conducted in a 5,000-ha forest using strip sampling method using a 10%
sampling intensity. What was the distance between strips if the width of the strip was 20 m?
a. 400 b. 200 c. 300 d. 100
184. Areas around town, cities and other centers of population reserved as such by the President in
which development is strictly controlled to provide a healthy and wholesome environment
a. wilderness area c. greenbelt
b. protection forest d. urban forestry
185. An instrument used to measure diameters of trees consisting of a graduated rule with two arms.
a. tree caliper c. diameter tape
b. abney hand level d. compass
186. Measurements of forest conditions in sampling units distributed according to a fixed pattern
a. strip method c. systematic sampling
b. line plot method d. random sampling
187. A phase in selective logging which is ideally conducted on logged over areas five years old and
above
a. timber stand improvement c. residual inventory
b. tree marking d. clearcutting
188. The basal area is computed by multiplying the diameter squared with
a. 0.7354 b. 0.7854 c. 0.8754 d. 0 .7584
189. The ability of the pasture to hold animals for certain duration is known as
a. carrying capacity c. animal unit month
b. palatability d. grazing capacity
190. An assembly of overlapping aerial photographs whose edges have been matched to form a
continuous photographic representation of a portion of the earth's surface
a. map lay-out c. sterogram
b. mosaic d. none of the above
191. The introduction of valuable or preferred species in areas where such species are lacking
a. reforestation c. enrichment planting
b. afforestation d. none of the above
192. The branch of forestry which deals with the valuation of alternative investments and other values
in forestry
a. forest economics c. forest management
b. forest finance d. none of the above
193. Combination of enterprises that represent successive links in the economic chain
a. horizontal integration c. vertical integration
b. diagonal integration d. none of the above
194. Which of the following is not a yarding system Comment [APV34]: 4/27/04 2:52:10 PM:
a. butt rigging c. truck Replaced for 2004 by #2_FPM_After-Review Test
b. tractor d. highlead
195. The ratio of the actual basal area of a stand of a given age and site index to the corresponding
land area
a. stand density c. volume
b. stock d. bole area
196. The gradual removal of the entire stand in a series of partial cuttings, which extend over a
fraction of the rotation
a. seed-tree method c. shelterwood method
b. selection method d. clear cutting
197. The price paid by a purchaser for timber in the standing tree, to be cut and removed by him.
a. interest value c. stumpage value
b. depreciation value d. contract price
55
198. Part of the public domain which have been declared as not needed for forest purposes
a. military reservations c. national parks
b. alienable and disposable lands d. forest reserve
199. The technique of modifying slopes into relatively flat areas for soil conservation, planting of seeds
and transplants.
a. terracing c. wattling
b. riprapping d. none of the above
200. Rectangular wire cages filled with rocks used in erosion control
a. gabions c. ripraps
b. boulders d. facsine
201. The rate of standard deviation to a mean, expressed in percent
a. coefficient of variation c. coefficient of the mean
b. coefficient of elasticity d. none of the above
202. Instruments to measure heights
a. hypsometers c. transits
b. dendrometers d. calipers
203. The process of converting a future value into the present value at a given interest rate
a. expounding c. discounting
b. compounding d. annuity
204. Settled course of action adopted and followed by an institution, body or individual
a. law c. policy
b. regulation d. memorandum
205. The price paid for the use of capital
a. interest c. income
b. salary d. premium
206. The process of spreading forest consciousness among the public through mass media
a. forest conservation c. forest management
b. forest extension d. none of the above
207. The geographical source or place of origin of a specific batch of seeds
a. provenance c. seed source
b. seed site d. seed lot
208. The practice of setting fire to combustible materials is advance of a bigger fire as method of fire
suppression
a. backfiring c. fire breaking
b. fire lining d. all of the above
209. The process of conditioning nursery seedlings by subjecting them to conditions to enable them to
withstand adverse environmental conditions in the planting site
a. hoeling-in c. hardening off
b. withstanding d. transplanting
210. Removal of diseased or pest-infested trees in order to maintain the health of the entire stand
a. salvage cutting c. sanitation cutting
b. release cutting d. improvement cutting
211. Instrument used to measure diameter of a tree:
a. prism c. relascope
b. angle gauge d. biltmore stick
212. Using the Smalian formula, what is the volume of a 6-meter log with base and top diameter of 55
cm and 14 cm, respectively?
a. 7.590 cu.m. b. 75.90 cu.m. c. 0.7590 cu.m. d. 795.0 cu.m.
213. Producing stands originating from vegetative sprouting of trees that are harvested.
a. clearcutting c. shelterwood
b. coppice d. seed-tree
56
214. If the photo scale is 1:12,000, what is the actual length of the stream if it measures 0.17 cm on
the photograph
a. 20.40 m c. 204 m
b. 20.40 cm. d. 2040 m
215. Deals with the study of man at work with the purpose of achieving an optimum man-task system
considering the worker’s health.
a. forest biometry c. social forestry
b. ergonomics d. anthropology
216. In forest sampling, it is a systematic distortion
a. risk c. error
b. coefficient of variation d. bias
217. Elimination of plants strangling the potential crop trees
a. clearcutting c. logging
b. climber cutting d. partial cutting
218. All trees below 5 cm. in dbh and at least 1.3 m (30 cm. for pines) in height
a. weeds c. mature trees
b. sapling d. reproduction
219. Biggest and most complex among the ecosystems
a. biodiversity c. ecology
b. agriculture d. forest
220. The end–of- the-4th-year value of five P3,000.00 annual payments if the interest rate is 3.5% Comment [APV35]: 4/27/04 2:54:34 PM:
a. P12,645.00 b. P9,686.00 c. P88,714.00 d. P3,420.00 Replaced for 2004 by #7_FPM_After-Review Test
221. Sprouts which come from the roots of trees which have been cut or damaged
a. root sucker c. root crops
b. epicormic d. branch
222. Any small forest land or track of land purposely planted to tree crops
a. even-aged stand c. mangrove forest
b. kaingin d. tree farm
223. Volume of bolts or sticks can be expressed in talaksan. How many standard talaksan are there in
8 cu. m?
a. 4 b. 3 c. 6 d. 5
224. Contract entered into by and between a forest occupant or community or cooperative and the
government allowing the farmer land tenure and right to peaceful occupation, development and
management over a designated area.
a. license agreement c. permit
b. permit d. stewardship agreement
225. Various cuttings made during the development of the stand from reproduction stage to maturity
a. felling c. intermediate cuttings
b. girdling d. selection cutting
226. The harmonized utilization of the numerous beneficial uses of the land, soil, water, wildlife,
recreation, forage and timber of forest lands
a. single-use c. mixed-use
b. multiple-use d. all of the above
227. Amount of volume growth after subtracting mortality from gross growth
a. average increment c. average growth
b. net growth d. increment
228. A point in the photo that represents the bisector of the angle between the nadir and the principal
point lines:
a. parallax c. isocenter
b. nadir d. fiducial mark
57
229. A coppice method which involves cutting trees leaving a high stump
a. pollarding c. girdling
b. high forest d. flanging
230. Any tract of forest land planted to timber crops to provide raw material requirements of existing
or proposed processing plants:
a. industrial plantation c. urban forest
b. protection forest d. communal forest
231. Sum of the growth of all trees in the stand Comment [APV36]: 4/27/04 2:56:48 PM:
a. stand increment c. stand growth Doubtful question and answer
b. stand volume d. stand biomass

232. Where swinging is practiced, it is the entire area from which logs come to one head spar tree at
the landing
a. setting c. spur road
b. compartment d. logging area
233. Forest lands with an existing stand of timber containing an average per hectare of less than 20
trees of dipterocarp and/or premium species with a diameter at breast height of more than 20 cm:
a. mixed forest c. inadequately stocked areas
b. adequately stocked areas d. mossy forest
234. Average growth attained for the entire period
a. mean annual increment c. growth increment
b. annual increment d. accretion
235. Deals with the laws underlying the growth and development of single trees and of the forest as a
biological unit
a. silviculture c. timber management
b. silvics d. tree planting
236. The task of which is to build up, put in order and keep in order a forest business
a. business management c. forest management
b. scaling d. assessment
237. Strips of land with natural or established vegetation which provides an added layer of protection
to the forest
a. buffer zones c. gabion
b. firelines d. grassland
238. Physical and administrative structure and subdivision of the forest:
a. forest biometry c. forest organization
b. forest extension d. forest administration
239. The largest family of plants
a. Leguminaceae c. Pines [Pinaceae]
b. Grasses [Poaceae/Graminae] d. Dipterocarpaceae
240. Elevation of second-growth (residual) forests banned from logging:
a. above 1000 meters above sea level c. 50 meters above sea level
b. 500 meters above sea level d. 100 meters above sea level
241. The base of a tree or the lower end of a log Comment [APV37]: 4/27/04 2:58:41 PM:
a. butt b. root collar c. log head d. trunk Replaced for 2004 by #15_FPM_After-Review Test
242. Scientific name of Tanguile

a. Shorea polysperma c. Pterocarpus indicus
b. Pentacme contorta d. Eucalyptus deglupta
243. It is used to prevent saw pinching and also to direct the fall of trees in felling operation
a. wedge c. choker
b. flying dutchman d. rub tree
244. Process of measuring individual logs for sale or taxation purposes
a. scaling b. taxing c. segregating d. bucking
58
245. Scientific name of the insect pest considered as most devastating to ipil-ipil plantations
a. Heteropsylla cubana c. Dioryctria robella
b. Corticium salmonicolor d. Agrilua spp.
246. The proper handling and care of the livestock in the range:
a. grazing management c. pasture lease
b. grazing capacity d. grassland management
247. The act of replacing the old trees, either naturally of artificially
a. regeneration c. planting
b. logging d. deforestation
248. Aerial photographs made with the camera axis pointed on at an angle between the vertical and
the horizontal
a. oblique photographs c. photo pair
b. stereoscopic photo d. vertical photograph
249. Trees belonging to the preferred species with dbh/dab of 20-60 cm having straight and cylindrical Comment [APV38]: 4/27/04 3:01:07 PM:
boles with no or minimum injury/damage to their root systems, buttresses, trunks and crowns -
a. commercial species c. vegetatively propagated species
b. premium species d. healthy residuals
250. Forest areas with slopes greater than 50% wherein income and/or subsistence shall be provided Comment [APV39]: 4/27/04 3:02:58 PM:
primarily through the harvesting and utilization of non-timber products such as bamboo, rattan,
anahaw, medicinal plants, resins, etc. (DAO # 23-93)
a. wilderness areas c. limited production forests
b. montane forests d. sub-marginal forests
251. The aesthetic, scenic, historical, and other values of the forest
a. money value c. productive value
b. protective value d. amenities
252. Produced from adventitious buds that arise between the bark and the wood and result in a
peculiar usually short lived rings or sprouts around the stumps of the trees
a. root suckets b. stool shoots c. rhizomes d. stump suckers
253. The capitalized value of the infinite series of net revenues from the land
a. interest rate c. present value
b. total revenue d. soil expectation value
254. Mainstay of the wood-based industry in the Philippines
a. Pine forest c. forest plantation
b. residual inventory d. dipterocarp forest
255. Cutting of mature, overmature and defective trees and leaving adequate number and volume of
healthy residual trees to assure future crops and forest cover for the protection and conservation
of soil and water
a. selective logging b. clearcutting c. cleaning d. thinning
256. The types of trees to be removed under the selective logging system
a. defective b. over-mature c. mature d. all of the above
257. Total volume of stumpage in the forest
a. forest resources c. stand yield
b. forest growth d. timber inventory
258. Portions of these forests with mean slopes of 50% and above and those above 1,000 m elevation
are banned from logging since 1992
a. upland farms c. residual forest
b. virgin forest d. industrial plantation
259. Rainwater which remains after loss through interception and percolates to a depth that it does
not reappear on the surface of a drainage area
a. transpiration b. evaporation c. streamflow d. drain
260. The stunted trees or brush often found in dense stand
a. moss b. snag c. scrub d. wolf tree
59
261. It is a market structure where there are few firms involved. However, each firm can influence the
price of its product and also the sales of other firms
a. pure monopoly c. barter trade
b. oligopoly d. free market
262. Data and information relative to the treatment which a forest has undergone
a. forest inventory c. forest technology
b. forest history d. forest information
263. The tendency of certain tree and brush species to produce a large number of shoots when a
single or few stems are mechanically removed but the root system left intact.
a. pollard b. cloning c. regeneration d. coppice
264. Soilage or newly cut crops are brought to the animals in feedlots
a. full grazing c. zero grazing
b. partial grazing d. grazing capacity
265. Systematic removal of individual trees not desirable for the perpetuation of a population
a. selection c. girdling
b. roguing d. logging
266. Device used in felling trees to prevent binding in log-making operations
a. diameter tape c. stereoscope
b. wedge d. hypsometer
267. Trade name of woods under Dipterocarpaceae, which are light red to reddish brown in color
a. Philippine Mahogany c. kamagong
b. premium species d. conifers
268. Scientific management of forest for the continuous production of goods and services (?)
a. timber management c. selection cutting
b. regeneration d. communal forestry
269. A photograph of a portion of the earth’s surface taken by a camera mounted in an aircraft
a. film photo c. aerial photograph
b. visual photo d. pictorial
270. A program aimed to provide upland residents with access to the financial benefits of forest as a
profitable alternative to kaingin farming
a. natural resources program c. community forestry program
b. education and dissemination d. reforestation
271. Sustained-yield management implies continues or periodic production of forest products with the Comment [APV40]: 4/27/04 3:11:06 PM:
aim of achieving at the earliest practicable time an approximate balance between ______ and
harvest or use
a. environment b. sustainability c. ecology d. growth
272. Period during which a single crop or generation is allowed to grow
a. financial maturity c. allowable cut
b. rotation d. cutting cycle
273. Process to measure and describe the quantity and quality of forest trees and other characteristics
of the land area
a. eco-profiling c. impact assessment
b. forest inventory d. site assessment
274. A combination of water, food, cover and living space wildlife fauna need in order to live
a. marginal area c. hilly area
b. habitat d. upland farm
275. The volume of a 6-meter log with a small end diameter of 36.2 cm and a big end diameter of
50.4 cm using the government scaling formula is -
a. 0.62 cu m b. 0.95 cu m c. 0.71 cu m d. 0.88 cu m
276. Discount rate that makes NPV of the project equal to zero
a. payback period c. internal rate of return
b. nominal rate d. inflation rate
60
277. Total dry material of the complete tree

a. growth c. yield
b. biomass d. volume
278. A marine park near the southern tip of Mindanao
a. Apo Reef c. Mount Data
b. Mt. Apo d. Calauit Island
279. A plus stand that is generally upgraded and opened by removal of undesirable trees and then
cultured for early and abundant seed production
a. seed orchard c. plus tree
b. seed production areas d. tree plantation
280. Cutting cycle used in the determination of allowable cut as prescribes in DAO 12, Series of 1992
a. 30 years c. 40 years
b. 45 years d. 35 years
281. Volume of 7-meter apitong logs with big end diameter of 45 cm and small end diameter of 28.5
cm using the government scaling formula
a. 1.04 cu.m. b. 0.45 cu.m. c. 0.75 cu.m. d. 0.40 cu.m.
282. Communities of people engaged in forest development and enjoyment of benefits of such
development
a. forest areas c. residual forest
b. beach forest d. forest communities
283. Fees paid to the government by the wood industry for the extraction and utilization of forest
product
a. forest charges c. interest
b. tax d. surcharge
284. A forest which remain after logging on a selective logging system [?]
a. residual forest c. upland forest
b. virgin forest d. grassland
285. Sampling method applied in the forest resources inventory of the operable second growth forests
a. strip sampling c. line method
b. random sampling d. pre-sampling
286. The wedge-shaped piece cut in a tree to govern the direction of fall
a. strip b. undercut c. back cut d. notch
287. It is generally done in situations where a young crop of potentially good trees is overtopped by
older, distinctly less desirable trees
a. liberation cuttings c. notching
b. cleaning d. limbing
288. Composite technology applied in forest production
a. forest management c. timber selection
b. forest ecology d. technology transfer
* Timber Management that usually bears the above definition is not in the choice.
289. A noose of wire rope used for skidding or yarding logs
a. choker c. butt-rigging assembly
b. wedge d. bull block
290. The average number of livestock and/or wildlife that can be sustained on a management unit Comment [APV41]: 4/27/04 3:19:41 PM: New
question from Glossary 2
a. carrying capacity c. stocking rate
b. site capacity d. sustained load
291. A distinct community of trees and associated plant and marine species which is found on tidal
flats along the sea coast, extending along streams with brackish water
a. Molave forest c. Mangrove forest
b. Dipterocarp forest d. Beach forest
61
292. The phase of selective logging which determines the condition, size and number of healthy trees
left after logging
a. tree marking c. Timber Stand Improvement
b. residual inventory d. cutting
293. The act of planting trees on bare or open land which was once covered with forest growth
a. afforestation c. transplanting
b. reforestation d. all of the above
294. Areas of marginal lands with slopes from 18% and above where various types of farming
activities are undertaken
a. brushland c. grassland
b. virgin forest d. uplands
295. Agreement entered into by DENR and qualified person/entity to occupy and possess any forest
land of the public domain in order to establish an industrial forest plantation at a specified rent
a. IFMA c. TPSA
b. TLA d. Ordinary Timber License
296. A tree in a young stand or plantation selected to be carried through to maturity until an interim or
final harvest
a. crop tree b. pole c. mother tree d. orchard tree Comment [APV42]: 4/27/04 3:28:51 PM: From
Glossary 2
297. As per definition of forest, the minimum area is 1 hectare but what is the minimum width
required
a. 40 meters b. 100 meters c. 200 meters d. 60 meters
298. How much is the silvicultural fee for a damaged residual?
a. 2 times of the forest charges c. 3 times of the forest charges
b. 5 times of the forest charges d. 4 times of the forest charges
299. The most preferred species for railroad ties
a. Yakal c. Molave
b. Apitong d. Malabayabas
300. This is a kind of cutting that is done to eliminate vines and climbers that strangle the potential
crop trees
a. partial cutting c. clear cutting
b. climbers cutting d. none of the above
301. It is a specific system of recurring inventory.
a. control method c. sampling method
b. continuous inventory
302. The concept of managing a forest property that a volume of timber or other forest products
sufficient for annual or periodic harvest will be available indefinitely.
a. seed tree b. clear-cutting c. sustained-yield
303. It is a branch of forestry which deals with the carrying out of the plan of management and the
day-to-day conduct of forest operations and ordinary forest business.
a. forest management c. forest policy
b. forest administration
304. A silvicultural system which involves the removal of all stands in a given area and which shall be
followed by artificial regeneration:
a. shelterwood c. selection system
b. clear-cutting
305. A form of forest reproduced by application of silvicultural systems in which there are considerable
differences in age of trees and in which three (3) or more age classes are represented:
a. uneven-aged forest c. plantation forest
b. even-aged forest
306. In the Philippines, the approach to the regulation of the cut is
a. area control c. investment
b. area and volume control d. volume control
62
307. The silvicultural system ecologically sound and economically feasible adopted for the
management of mangrove forest is:
a. clear-cutting c. shelterwood
b. seed-tree
308. In a cut-over area where the remaining preferred species are inadequate, there is a need to
introduce or supplement such preferred species. The process is often referred to as:
a. enrichment planting c. afforestation
b. reforestation
309. A type of aerial photographs most adapted to forest inventories:
a. oblique photographs c. horizontal photographs
b. vertical photographs d. low oblique photographs
310. A tabulation of the total number of stems in a stand of compartment by species and DBH class is
called:
a. stand table c. volume table
b. stock table d. stand and stock table
311. A table listing the total volume of trees in a stand by species and DBH classes is called:
a. stock table c. stand table
b. volume table
312. Merchantable height refers to:
a. usable portion of a tree c. total height less buttress
b. total height of tree
313. The difference in the volume between the start and end of a growing period divided by the
number of years involved is called:
a. periodic annual growth c. curent annual growth
b. mean annual growth d. none of these
314. The volume of a stand at any point in time divided by the total age at that time is called:
a. mean annual growth c. current annual growth
b. periodic annual growth d. none of these
315. Annual growth rings could be seen on the cross-section of:
a. mangrove species c. pine trees
b. dipterocarp species d. leguminous species
316. The (a) age (b) height (c) volume (d) diameter of some trees can be determined by
examining their annual rings.
317. The main purpose of a timber inventory is to determine:
a. volume and species composition of forest stands c. volume of residual trees
b. volume of damage residuals d. volume of wood species
318. Population of wildlife tends to differ in number because of:
a. variation in hunting pressures c. species characteristics and adaptability
b. quality of wildlife available d. all of the above
319. In wildlife management it is important to attain a degree of balance between:
a. food, cover available and animal population
b. timber drain and timber growth
c. animal population growth and morality
d. population growth and hunting withdrawal
320. The pattern or arrangement of natural stream on a watershed is called:
a. drainage network c. drainage elevation
b. drainage basin d. watershed configuration
321. The forest provides a variety of good and services the management of a forest to provide
desirable combinations of such goods and services is referred to as:
a. multiple-use forest management c. single-use forest management
b. multiple forest management d. range management
63
322. The principle behind benefit-cost analysis states that a project or activity should not be
undertaken if:
a. the internal rate of return is less than 10 % c. revenues are more than costs
b. total cost exceeds total benefits d. revenues equal costs
323. A decision is said to be in the public interest if it: Comment [APV43]: 4/27/04 3:30:36 PM: Get
more of this
a. favors long term needs over short term ones
b. serves the interest of the general public
c. favors future generation rather than the present
d. all of the above
324. Land belonging to the cultural communities are called:
a. ancestral lands c. encomiendas
b. friar lands d. homelands
325. In map-making, a legend means:
a. a true story b. a documentary c. symbol d. drawing
326. A photograph taken with a camera with a focal length of 0.50 meter at a flying height of 10,000
meters and a shutter speed of 10000 has a scale of:
a. 1/20,000 b. 1/10,000 c. 1/5,000 d. 1/1,000
327. The scale of aerial photograph depends on
a. flying height and camera focal length c. visibility at the time of photography
b. speed of plane and visibility d. shutter speed
328. A stereoscope is:
a. a pair of lenses designed for viewing aerial photographs
b. a camera used in aerial photography
c. a photographic projecting machine
d. a photo-copying machine
329. The renewal and perpetuity of the dipterocarps depend on:
a. protection measures c. cultural treatments
b. intensity of harvesting d. all of these
330. The silvicultural system used in the dipterocarps is:
a. DYNACAL c. modified selection system
b. seed-tree method d. all of these
331. The forests of the Philippines are:
a. inexhaustible c. not renewable
b. renewable d. owned by the [Bureau of Forest Development]
332. Adequate water supply, high yields of sawtimber, adequate wildlife population are examples of
a. forestry programs c. forestry goals
b. forest policies d. policy statements
333. The selective logging system was chosen for the dipterocarps because of:
a. the silvicultural characteristics of the species
b. the climatic condition in the country
c. topography and soil characteristics of the forest land
d. all of the factors
334. Timber stand improvement operation involves:
a. cutting weed species c. sanitation cutting
b. pruning d. all of the foregoing
335. A document which indicates the manner of harvesting, regeneration, and tending of timber in a
working unit is called:
a. multiple-use management plan c. timber management plan
b. operation plan d. business plan
336. The objective of thinning a forest plantation is to:
a. improve growth and quality of favored trees c. conserve water
b. increase survival rate d. improve wildlife habitat
64
337. Soil and water conservation objectives can be served by:

a. maintaining existing forest cover c. agro-forestation
b. maintaining adequate forest cover d. installing check dams
338. Certain critical watersheds have been declared as watershed reservation, which one of the
following uses or activities is not allowed in such watershed:
a. logging c. cattle ranching
b. settlement d. all of the foregoing
339. Ancestral lands are recognized by the government as:
a. alienable or disposable lands c. forest reserved
b. permanent forest d. public lands claimed by ethnic tribes
340. The process of determining which land is to be devoted to what use or combination of uses is
called:
a. land-use planning c. land suitability classification
b. land capability classification d. parcellary planning
341. To the economist, all things that are useful to satisfy human wants are called:
a. properties b. goods c. wealth d. products
342. The law of supply and demand says that when the quantity of goods that people want to sell at
certain price is more than what buyers desire, the price of that commodity
a. drops c. remain constant
b. rises d. rises then drops
343. The term “stumpage sale” refers to:
a. sale of forest products c. sale of standing timber
b. sale of logs at the cutting area d. sale of logs at roadside
344. The timing of water flow (water required) from a watershed dam can be controlled or influenced by:
a. increasing or decreasing the density of the forest cover of the watershed
b. controlling soil erosion in the watershed
c. building check dams
d. building bench terraces
345. A simple instrument, often a stick or other straight edge, used to measure the heights of trees on
the basis of similar angles
a. hypsometer c. altimeter Comment [APV44]: 4/27/04 3:37:29 PM: From
Glossary 2
b. Biltmore stick d. caliper
346. Sustained-yield implies
a. multiple-use
b. continuous high wood production and utilization
c. maximum wood production and utilization
d. low but steady wood production
347. A stream that flows only in direct response to precipitation is called:
a. ephemeral stream c. perennial stream
b. intermediate stream d. intermittent stream
348. A area considered in terms of its environment particularly as this determine the type and quality
of the vegetation the area can carry is called:
a. site c. site class
b. site quality d. site index
349. A basic determinant of site is:
a. vegetation c. climate
b. soil d. wildlife
350. The most common expression of stand density used in the Philippines is:
a. basal area on an area basis c. bole area
b. crown closure d. number of trees and volume on an area basis
65
351. A short term privilege granted by the state to a person for the utilization of any limited forest
resources within the forest land without any right of occupation and possession therein
a. license c. permit
b. license agreement d. lease
352. The stage of plant growth at which grazing may begin under a specific management plan without
permanent damage to vegetation or soil
a. range enhancement c. range development
b. range readiness d. range capability
353. Forests found on high and very rough terrain with trees mostly stunted and having stems and
branches covered by moss
a. Mid-mountain forests c. Molave forest
b. Pine forest d. High forest
354. It includes both the scientific basis of the growth and development of single trees and the
application of such basis to the production of forest crops
a. Botany c. Timber Management
b. Forest Mensuration d. Silviculture
355. The process of removing all plants giving competition to the crop species
a. weeding c. liberation cutting
b. salvage cutting d. improvement cutting
356. A forest consisting of age and size classes which consistently grow in such a manner that an
equal annual or periodic yield maybe obtained
a. adequately stocked uneven aged forest c. fully regulated forest
b. fully stocked forest d. plantation forest
357. The loss in diameter from the butt to the top of a tree
a. cull volume . taper c. damage . bark thickness
358. The principle stating that if the input of one resource is increased by equal increments per
unit of time while the quantities of other inputs are held constant, there will be some point
beyond which the marginal physical product of the variable resource will decrease
a. Law of supply and demand c. Principle of diminishing return
b. Marginal rate of return d. Alternative rate of return
359. The cultural resources of a firm are called
a. skilled workers c. capital
b. land d. semi-skilled workers
360. Cuttings made to create favorable conditions for the germination of seed in the shelterwood
method
a. removal cutting c. cleanings
b. seed cutting d. preparatory cuttings
361. The process of supplementing inadequately stocked residual forest to enhance forest stand
productivity
a. reforestation c. revegetation
b. enrichment planting d. forest renewal
362. A visual aid in rangeland inventory which may provide information difficult to convey by data
actually gathered in the area, especially in analyzing periodic changes in vegetation
a. photograph c. transit
b. binocular d. topographic map
363. Commercial trees left in the dipterocarp forest during logging to serve as growing stock
a. healthy residual trees c. dominant trees
b. pole timber d. saplings
364. A phase in selective logging which makes an assessment of the condition of the number of
selected trees left:
a. tree marking c. residual inventory
b. timber inventory d. timber stand improvement
66
365. The process of regenerating forest to restore ecological balance:

a. forest renewal c. broadcasting
b. taungya system d. shelterwood
366. Pictures taken from an airborne platform perpendicular to the earth’s axis:
a. vertical photograph c. oblique photograph
b. horizontal photograph
367. Scales on aerial photographs are generally stated in a natural scale ratio, more commonly
referred to as:
a. representative fraction c. mercator scale
b. floating scale
368. Overlapping portions of two aerial photos, properly oriented and mounted for stereoscopic
viewing are called:
a. side laps c. anaglyphs
b. stereograms
369. Determination of tree heights from measurements of tree shadows on aerial photographs is
known as:
a. displacement method c. parallax method
b. shadow method
370. In timber valuation, merchantable heights of standing trees are usually estimated up to the:
a. first large branch c. tree top
b. minimum top diameter of 30 cm
371. The predicted diameter of 30 cm tree after 50 years is 70 cm, therefore its average annual
increment is:
a. 1.50 cm b. 0.80 cm c. 0.35 cm
372. The results of sudden, unexpected genetic change in a species is called:
a. hybrid b. mutant c. cross pollination
373. The process of grouping samples into homogenous groups to reduce variation within such groups
is called:
a. blocking b. stratification c. variegation
374. Fire lookouts relay this instrument to locate the site of forest fires:
a. alidade c. abney hand level
b. pointer
375. Due to apparent absence of growth rings in tropical hardwoods, the best way of measuring
volume growth in the Philippines is by:
a. use of hypsometer c. use of diameter tapes
b. periodic measurements of diameters and heights
376. The basis of most forest policies in developed as well as developing countries:
a. Regalian Doctrine b. right of eminent domain c. ecological balance
377. The value equivalent of a sum, at the beginning of an interest bearing period is represented by
the symbol:
a. (1+i)n b. Vn c. Vo
378. The value equivalent of a sum at the end of an interest bearing period is represented by the
symbol:
a. Vo b. Vi c. Vn
379. The primary purpose of stumpage appraisal is to determine:
a. volume content b. species composition c. monetary value
380. The overturn method of calculating stumpage and margin for profit and risk is most useful for:
a. small timber b. complex operations c. heavy investments
381. Current market value of property refers to the amount which a seller will:
a. accept from a buyer who is willing and able but not force to buy
b. not accept because it is lower than what he expects
c. accept because he is compelled to sell immediately
67
382. In forest finance, carrying charges refer to:

a. expenses for maintenance, protection and taxes
b. cost of transporting logs and lumber
c. expenses involved in carrying over capital investments from the owner to another
383. Timber license agreement holders have the exclusive privilege to cut all authorized harvestable
timber but have the corresponding obligation of:
a. protecting their areas to ensure the productive condition
b. report forest violations and squatters
c. paying their income taxes
384. Lands 18% in slope and over which have been declared as alienable or disposable shall:
a. be reverted to forest lands unless already titled
b. remain as A & D
c. be used as resettlement areas for kaingineros
385. Lands below 18% slope and over may not be declared as alienable or disposable if:
a. they protect a spring for communal use
b. they are used as pasture
c. they are devoid of forest trees
386. The maximum period of any privilege to harvest timber is 25 years, renewable for another 25
years but shall automatically terminate when:
a. performance evaluation rating is poor
b. the amount of harvestable timber has been exhausted even before the expiration date
c. other forest products are gathered without permit
387. The revised Forestry Code of the Philippines provides that the size of forest lands subject to Comment [APV45]: 4/27/04 3:45:28 PM: Check
in PD 705
timber utilization shall be:
a. limited to 20,000 hectares
b. limited to what a person or company may effectively develop and utilized for a period of 50
years but not exceeding 100,000 hectares
c. what the [BFD] determines every 5 years based on the timber management plan
388. PD 1559 provides for the establishment of Forestry Development Center at the UPLB College of
Forestry to:
a. undertake applied forest development research
b. provide basic policy research and develop the machinery for forestry policy formulation
c. enable [BFD] personnel to obtain specialized education and training
389. Under an industrial tree plantation lease, the leasee shall have the right to:
a. enter into an export agreement with government approved foreign buyers
b. sell, contract, convey or dispose of trees and other products raised in any manner he deems fit
c. occupy and set up permanent infrastructure in the area
390. A special incentive awarded to leasee of areas long denuded is the exemption from payment of
rental for:
a. one half of the terms of lease of 12 1/2 years
b. the full term of the lease of 25 years
c. only one half of the area under lease
391. The new Philippine Constitution limits the exploration, development, utilization and disposition of
natural resources to:
a. Filipino citizens and foreign citizens who own 50 percent of stocks in Filipino corporations
b. Filipino citizens and corporations whose stocks are owned in a clear majority by foreign
corporations
c. Filipino citizens and corporations whose stocks are owned in a clear majority by Filipino
corporations
392. The present concept of dealing with kaingineros involves:
a. appeasement c. resettlement or containment
b. dispersal and penalty
68
393. The special branch of forestry which deals with the forest resource as elements of production:
a. forest renewal c. forest economics
b. forest conservation
394. The value represented by the land, growing stock, including the improvement of it is termed:
a. forest valuation c. forest capital
b. forest infrastructure
395. When advising a large corporation as their forestry consultant, it would be best to recommend
the following method to use in determining the stumpage value of large tracts of forests:
a. investment method c. operating and profit method
b. overturn method
396. The practice of sound forestry in cutover dipterocarp forests that have regenerated by natural
means for five years or longer calls for:
a. enrichment planting c. selective logging
b. timber stand improvement
397. A chart showing the rise and fall of streamflow during a period of time:
a. hydrograph c. water table map
b. hydrometer d. rain chart
398. An experimental design used when the experimental materials are heterogeneous and they can
be stratified such that units will be homogenous within the block:
a. Randomized Complete Block Design c. Split-Plot Design
b. Complete Randomized Design d. Lattice Design
399. A market structure where there are no artificial restraints:
a. monopoly c. pure competition
b. monopolistic competition d. oligopoly
400. Soil Expectation Value (SEV) is:
a. discounted net revenue c. amortized net revenue
b. capitalized net revenue d. annualized net revenue
401. A method used for wildlife inventory that makes use of a device in order to live-capture and take
a certain animal species:
a. trapping c. line transect method
b. quadrat method d. rapid visual survey
402. What is the depth of rainfall if a 20 cm raingauge was able to collect 4,712.4 cm3 rain?
a. 37.50 mm b. 15 mm c. 375 mm d. 150 mm
403. A type of cost which cannot be easily assigned to any particular operation:
a. direct cost b. on cost c. overhead cost d. shadow cost
404. Sampling method applied in the forest resources inventory of the operable second growth forests
a. strip sampling c. line method
b. random sampling d. pre-sampling
405. Standing live trees in the forest which are not classified as sound trees are called:
a. cull trees b. snag c. healthy residual d. plus trees
406. The amount of water remaining in a well-drained area when the downward movement of flow
into unsaturated soil has become small or negligible is referred to as:
a. field capacity b. base flow c. antecedent moisture d. ground water
407. It is a timber production potential of a site for a particular species or species type:
a. site b. site index c. eco-profile d. site quality
408. It refers to the flow to groundwater storage of water from precipitation, infiltration from surface
streams and other sources:
a. evaporation b. recharge c. water storage d. water storage
409. It deals with the accounting, analyzing of investments and other monetary consideration of forest
production:
a. forest mensuration c. forest economics
b. forest inventory d. forest finance
69
410. It is an area that has been depleted of its natural forest cover and is predominantly covered by
grasses, herbaceous species or bare soil:
a. brushland c. depleted forest
b. protection forest d. open and denuded land
411. It is a science and art of obtaining information, area or phenomenon through analysis of data
acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object under investigation.
a. GSI c. remote sensing
b. aerial photogrametry d. geo-physics
412. The maximum number of animals which can graze each year on a given area of range for a
downward trend in forage production, quality and soil:
a. allowable cut c. grazable area
b. range management d. grazing capacity
413. It is expressed as the percentage that is consumed of the current year’s forage production of a
particular species which is within reach of stock:
a. proper use factor c. grazing potential
b. nutritional percentage d. grazing percentage
414. Salting is important in livestock management. What is the normal salt requirement of a mature
animal per day?
a. 20-40 grams b. 35-50 grams c. 30-50 grams d. 2-3 grams
415. Sprouts which come from the roots of trees which have been cut or damaged:
a. branch c. root suckers
b. epicormic roots d. root sprouts
416. The vertical distance between the chord and the skyline:
a. chord distance c. skyline height
b. deflection d. log clearance
417. The practice of growing several crops in a farm:
a. multiple cropping c. multiple use
b. sustainable development d. sustained yield
418. Edible fungus that is used as an ingredient in Chinese cooking (pansit/chopsuey):
a. Uromyladium tepperianus c. Auricularia sp.
b. Fusarium moniliforme d. Aspergillum nigrum
419. Forest benefits not normally valued in the market:
a. intangible benefits c. single use
b. multiple benefits d. tangible benefits
420. A standing dead tree, a sunken log, or a submerged stump is:
a. snag b. cull c. bunk d. decayed timber
421. In designating protected areas, the size of buffer zones established outside its boundaries and
immediately adjacent it:
a. 40 m strip b. 50 m strip c. 20 m strip d. 10 m strip
422. Operation of measuring the difference in elevation
a. open traverse c. close traverse
b. leveling d. photogrametry
423. A management unit established with an area of 10 hectares
a. cutting series b. working cycle c. set-up d. block
424. A worldwide mapping system that reduces the distortions in square maps caused by the round
features of the earth.
a. none of the following c. Geographical Information System
b. Universal Transverse Mercator d. Geographical Positioning System
425. Refers to organization of business through sound management principles and simplified
procedures to obtain greater efficiency and profitability of operation
a. management c. logistics
b. rationalization d. ergonomics
70
426. It refers to the precipitation which falls directly into the water in a stream channel.
a. surface runoff c. overland flow
b. channel interception d. base flow
427. It is represented by that portion of the precipitation which percolates deep into the soil and is
release slowly, sustaining streamflow during long, dry periods.
a. subsurface storm flow c. base flow
b. interflow d. overland flow
428. Based on DAO No. 69, S. 1990, the minimum sidelap of aerial print shall be
a. 40% b. 15% c. 30% d. 25%
429. One (1) cubic meter is equal to:
a. 1,000,000 cc c. 35.29 cu. ft.
b. 424 bd. ft. d. all of the above
430. A 60-ha open area is to be planted with narra at a spacing of 2m x 3m. How many seedlings are
needed considering an allowance for mortality of 10%:
a. 100,000 b. 110,000 c. 9,000 d. 11,000
431. The strip of vegetation consisting of mixtures of trees, shrubs and vines for the purpose of
protecting crops from strong winds:
a. greenbelt b. shelterbelt c. hedgerow d. fireline
432. The maximum rate at which a soil at a given condition is capable of absorbing water is termed as:
a. seepage c. infiltration capacity
b. penetrativity d. percolation
433. SALT 2 is the acronym for:
a. Sloping Agricultural Land Technology c. Simple Agrilivestock Technology
b. Sustainable Agroforest Land Technology d. none of the above
434. An extensive area of largely undeveloped or sparsely occupied land associated with a community
set aside to contain development, preserve the character of the countryside and community and
provide open space.
a. greenbelt c. shelterbelt
b. firebreak d. windbreak
435. Trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) ranging from 5.0 to 14.9 cm under the standards of
tree measurements are classified as:
a. saplings c. reproductions
b. undersized d. poletimber
436. What is the practical minimum scale of photographs for forest analysis?
a. 1:15,000 - 1:20,000 c. 1:20,000 - 1:25,000
b. 1:10,000 - 1:20,000 d. 1:30,000 - 1:35,000
437. To represent the track over which an aircraft has been flown or is to fly, what line is drawn on a
map or chart?
a. flight line c. focal line
b. flying point d. line of interest
438. What is a surface or underground stream which contributes its water, either continuously or
intermittently to another larger stream?
a. ephemeral stream c. headwaters
b. tributary d. intermittent stream
439. It is the measure that can only be obtained with reference to a predetermined limiting relationship
between the number of trees per hectare and the average tree size:
a. site index c. yield index
b. stand density index d. stocking density
440. Which part of the industrial forest management plan includes the annual plantation establishment
program?
a. development plan c. development objectives
b. background information d. technical resources
71
441. The computed number of young sound trees marked to be left per unit area before logging
commences:
a. marking goal c. allowable cut
b. residuals d. inventory target
442. The minimum number of seed trees 40 cm diameter and larger that should be left per hectare in a
pine forest after harvesting is:
a. 16 b. 10 c. 25 d. 20
443. Number of regions in the country classified by DENR: Comment [APV46]: 4/27/04 3:46:57 PM: See if
a. 15 b. 12 c. 13 d. 14 still valid
444. In range management, the stems arising from the same root, as in certain grasses:
a. forage b. scrub c. stool d. stubble
445. Cull indicator of heart rot disease in trees:
a. damping-off c. leaf spot
b. mosaic d. center rot
446. What is the plane in which images of points in the object field of the lens are focused?
a. photographic plane c. effective area
b. focal plane d. flight line
447. The effect of an increase in interest rate on the rotation length is that:
a. rotation length will approximate interest rate c. rotation length will be shorter
b. rotation length will not be affected d. rotation length will be longer
448. This is often used to transfer logs from one set-up to another instead of the construction of
circuitous logging road:
a. rub trees c. cold deckers
b. chokers d. skyline switches
449. This refers to one, two or more logs which are yarded or swung at one time:
a. talaksan c. deck
b. turn d. log landing
450. A set of processes which are specified for a given forest management unit in order to attain a
dynamic balance between supply and demand of forest goods and services:
a. forest economics c. forest regulation
b. forest valuation d. forest assessment
451. A type of grassland where species have been modified in favor of more productive species:
a. natural grassland c. pastureland
b. biotic grassland d. improved permanent grassland
452. The point in the photograph where the plumbline projected through the camera lens to the ground
intersects the film plane:
a. nadir c. parallax
b. fiducial mark d. sidelap
453. The practice of setting fire to combustible materials in advance of a bigger fire as a method of fire
suppression:
a. back firing c. combustible firing
b. prescribe burning d. front firing
454. In truck logging, what is the range of the yarding distance?
a. 100 - 150 feet c. 250 - 300 feet
b. 150 - 250 feet d. 400 - 500 feet
455. A spatially continuous group of trees and associated vegetation having similar structures and
growing under similar soil and climatic condition:
a. plantation c. stand
b. tree farm d. forest
456. It refers to all vegetation upon which grazing animals subsist on grasslike plants, weeds, palatable
portions of trees and shrubs and others:
a. herbage b. forbs c. forage d. browse
72
457. Areas within a rangeland/grassland where the site is enhanced through the planting of new or
exotic species:
a. communal forest c. denuded areas
b. pasture d. watershed
458. What is the velocity of the streamflow if the volume of water running through a stream is 6,000
m3/hour and the channel is 3 m2 in area?
a. 33.3 m/min b. 2,000 m/hr c. 0.56 m/sec d. all of these
459. The geometric center of the photo:
a. nadir c. isocenter
b. principal point d. fiducial marks
460. Stand established for seed production and composed of trees known to be of good genotypes:
a. seed production area c. production forests
b. residual stands d. seed orchard
461. A series of heavy steel links, swivels, and shackels that connects the mainline and haulback:
a. bullblocks c. choker
b. guyline assembly d. butt rigging
462. Logging is prohibited in this forest area with elevation of:
a. 50 meters above sea level (masl) c. 500 masl
b. 100 masl d. above 1,000 masl
463. How much capitalized value can a piece of land promise if the net income is P12,000 at 5% interest
rate?
a. P60,00 b. P12,000 c. P240,000 d. P260,000
464. A forest ranger wants to determine the height of a bagras tree. At a horizontal distance of 30 m and
using an abney hand level, he took readings to the tree top and base of −10.5 and −32.6 degrees,
respectively. The height of the tree is:
a. 15.51 m b. 24.75 m c. 19.19 m d. 13.63 m
465. This multiple-use forestry concept state that there should be several compatible land-use types in
an area at anytime frame with consideration on relevant factors pertaining to the management of
forest resources:
a. Pearson's concept c. Stocker's concept
b. Dana-McArdle's concept d. Sustainable development
466. In a statistical computation, ten (10) observations had a standard deviation of five (5). What was its
corresponding variance?
a. 50 b. 25 c. 2.24 d. 12.5
467. A plan for assigning treatments to the subjects of the experiment and the statistical analysis that is
associated with the plan:
a. experimental design c. lay-out plan
b. treatment model d. research methodology
468. The age of the timber or a forest stand at which the rate of return is equated to the available
alternative rate of return?
a. rotation age c. financial maturity
b. harvestable age d. commercial maturity
469. In the computation of annual allowable cut for areas other than Palawan and Region 8, the
harvestable volume is determined as:
a. 50% of the volume in the 60 cm dbh plus 100% of 70 cm dbh and up
b. 50% of the volume in the 60 cm dbh plus 50% of 70 cm dbh and up
c. 100% of the 60 cm dbh and up
d. 50% of the volume in the 50 cm dbh plus 100% of 60 cm dbh and up
470. A common type of grazing system whereby the herbage from a given grazing area are cut and
carried to the animals:
a. soiling or zero grazing c. rotational grazing
b. selective grazing d. continuous grazing
73
471. Which of the following is not a part of the hydrologic cycle?

a. altitude b. runoff c. precipitation d. storage
472. The process of transporting felled trees or section thereof using a stationary power from the stump
to the log landing, roadside or designated loading points in the cutting areas:
a. trucking c. skidding
b. trailer transport d. yarding
473. In range management, what are these plant materials containing low proportion of nutrient per unit
weight but high in fiber and low in total digestible material:
a. cogon b. browse c. roughage d. grasses
474. What is that system in which the amount of harvestable material which can be removed from the
ecosystem over a long period of time has no apparent deleterious effect on the ecosystem?
a. ecosystems management c. multiple-use
b. sustained yield d. coastal forest management
475. It is formed when a bend deepens and separates from the stream due to sediments eroded from
the outer bank which are carried downstream and deposited in the inner bank of the next channel:
a. tributary c. oxblow lake
b. intermittent streams d. underground rivers
476. It gives the list of stands to be harvested during each year of the planning period that extends to
some specified number of years in the future:
a. allowable cut c. cutting schedule
b. compartments d. cutting cycle
477. The precipitation retained on plants and finally absorbed or evaporated:
a. throughfall c. interception
b. moisture drops d. surface flow
478. The symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the roots of plants is:
a. nematode b. virus c. bacteria d. mycorrhizae
479. It is the result if the camera is [not square] with the flight line.
a. overlap b. oblique c. sidelap d. crab
480. Which of the following does not affect forest valuation?
a. mortality c. management strategy
b. market values and cost of capital d. site quality
481. The system of management whereby the forage in a part or the entire range area is not grazed
until it has attained a certain stage of growth?
a. deferred grazing c. timely grazing
b. premature grazing d. conservative grazing
482. When felling a leaning tree, the prescribed depth of the undercut in relation to the diameter of the
tree:
a. 1/4 to 1/2 b. 1/5 to 1/3 c. 1/4 to 1/3 d. 1/5 to 1/2
483. Areas with slopes from 18% and above where various farming activities are undertaken:
a. grassland c. uplands
b. open areas d. denuded areas
484. In economics, what is considered as the most straightforward cash flow measure of project worth?
a. Net present value c. Internal rate of return
b. Benefit-cost ratio d. Soil expectation value
485. It is a market situation in which each of the few buyers exert a disproportionate influence on the
market:
a. oligopoly b. oligopsony c. monopoly d. pure competition
486. An assembly of aerial photographs done by cutting, matching or pasting together individual
exposures to form a large photograph:
a. mosaic b. oblique c. paired d. continuous
487. The special line made after a fire has started for the purpose of suppressing that particular fire:
a. fireline b. firebreak c. shelterbelt d. artificial firebreak
74
488. Give the cash inflow after 8 years if the discounted costs at 12% interest rate is P5,656.00 and the
discounted rate is P20,200.00:
a. P 0.28 b. P 3.57 c. P 12,635.00 d. P 14,544.00
489. Refers to the idle public land run by a group of farmers to augment their income at the same time
support the reforestation effort of the government:
a. forest plantation c. rangeland
b. communal tree farm d. pasture land
490. The process by which logs are cut into shorter sections:
a. delimbing b. shortening c. bucking d. chainsaw cutting
491. A type of forest stand where the difference in age of the oldest trees and the youngest trees does
not exceed 30% of the rotation:
a. secondary stand c. even-aged stand
b. industrial plantation d. uneven-aged stand
492. What is that act of freeing a young stand of desirable trees not past the sapling stage from the
competition of undesirable trees that threaten to suppress them?
a. salvage cutting b. release cutting c. clearcutting d. cleaning
493. The process of moving the results of research from the generator to the end-user:
a. technology generation c. technology packaging
b. technology transfer d. technology verification
494. The aesthetic, scenic, historical, and other values of the forest
a. money value c. productive value
b. protective value d. amenities
495. In aerial photogrammetry, which is not a result of a short focal length camera?
a. minimum stereoscopic effect and image displacement
b. wide coverage from low altitude
c. exaggerated 3-D effect
d. increased image displacement
496. What is the flying height above mean ground level given the following: Focal length of the lens =
150 mm; Scale of the compilation map = 1:10,000; Mean height above the sea level of the
ground = 100 m; aircraft speed = 100 mph.
a. 1,500 meters b. 1,600 meters c. 100 meters d. 10,000 meters
497. Branches produced from dormant buds located on the bole of trees:
a. branch b. root suckers c. epicormic d. root sprouts
498. Endlap is the overlap between photos within a flightline. What is the minimum endlap to ensure a
complete stereoscopic coverage?
a. 55% b. 75% c. 65% d. 50%
499. Its main objective is to promote the natural capacity of the forest to regenerate by themselves.
a. forest preservation c. reforestation
b. forestation d. natural regeneration
500. Which of the following is not reserved as wilderness areas?
a. critical watershed b. mangrove forest c. mossy forests d. protection forests
501. In making topographic map, the bearing of the base line is N 60° W, what is the bearing of the strip?
a. S 30° E b. D-W c. S 60° E d. N 30° E
502. In dense stands, ___ are trees or brush which are characterized by stunted or abnormal growth.
a. wolf trees b. snags c. scrubs d. mosses
503. Forest nurseries play a vital role in reforestation. Which of the following should not be considered
in the establishment of a forest nursery?
a. A perfectly level ground should not be preferred over slightly sloping ground
b. The area should be large enough for future expansion
c. The soil where the nursery is located should be of neutral acidity
d. There is adequate amount of water supply.
75
504. It is an indication of the number of trees in a stand as compared to desirable number for best
growth and development.
a. optimal growth b. stand structure c. stocking d. spacing
505. If the small end diameter is 40 cm and the big end diameter 55 cm, what are the basal areas of
small and big end diameters?
a. 12.57 and 23.76 sq. m. c. 1.257 and 2.376 sq. m.
b. 0.1257 and 0.2376 sq. m. d. 1257 and 2376 sq. m.
506. It is a skyline system, which is rigged by threading the mainline through the fall block and
shackling the end of the mainline to the carriage.
a. northbend b. tyler c. interlocking skidder d. high-lead
507. How do you define a mistake in the measurements of distance?
a. the difference between two measurements of the same quantity
b. an error due to combination of causes beyond the ability of the observer
c. an unintentional fault of conduct arising from poor judgment
d. the difference between the measurement and the true value
508. During residual inventory, a marked residual is considered “healthy” when:
a. Only ¼ to ½ of the crown is damaged.
b. Only 1/6 to ½ of the crown is damaged.
c. ½ of the number of buttresses is battered.
d. Not more than 1/3 of the number of buttresses is badly battered.
509. A branch of science which deals with the application of mathematical principles in estimating and
predicting forest volume and growth is:
a. Timber management c. Forest growth and yield
b. Forest Biometry d. Forest Geometry
510. It is the process of determining the best end use or combination of uses of a specific land
resource:
a. forest mensuration c. land use planning
b. multiple use d. forest valuation
511. It is a small forest land or tract of land purposely planted to tree crops (PD 1559):
a. mangrove forest c. kaingin
b. even-aged stand d. tree farm
512. Measures of stand density are more precise and generally more useful in estimation of growth
and yield than stocking measures. Which is not an expression of stand density?
a. number of trees per ha c. tree area ratio
b. basal area per ha d. site index
513. A yarding accessory used to bend or deviate the mainline to avoid injuring marked residuals or to
avoid obstructions.
a. flying dutchman b. log guide c. rub tree d. bull block
514. A planned and holistic program of activities applied to a given stand of forest trees from the
period of establishment to harvest time is called:
a. tree plantation program c. harvesting systems
b. logging plan d. silvicultural systems
515. Which of the following factors does not determine the selection of method of minor transportation
(log assemblage or skidding)?
a. topography c. silvicultural consideration of forest management policies
b. distance to the sawmill d. size and character of timber
516. What is the ratio of the total stem volume to the volume of the cylinder with diameter equal to
total height of the tree?
a. cyclindrical form factor b. taper c. ingrowth d. increment
517. These are adjacent photographs which can be viewed in the three dimension.
a. stereoscopic pair b. film c. sidelap d. three-dimension photos
76
518. In aerial photogrametry, it refers to the height of the optical center of the camera lens above the
datum plane.
a. parallax b. nadir c. flying height d. flight lines
519. It is an error in measurement which implies a tendency to depart in a particular direction from the
true value sought. An example of this error is that which results from the use of an instrument
with graduation of incorrect size or with an incorrect origin.
a. bias b. precision c. sampling error d. mistake
520. A harvesting method for easy and flat terrain where a tractor or wrecker equipped with a winch
complete with logging arch, front mounted decking blade and a rare mounted logging pan to lift
one end of the log while forwarding is:
a. ground skidding b. animal yarding c. cable crane system d. skylining
521. It refers to the extraction or cutting of timber and non-timber forest products from either natural
and man-made forests
a. yarding and skidding b. felling c. major transportation d. harvesting
522. What is the seller’s market structure characterized by price leadership.
a. monopolistic competition b. oligopoly c. monopoly d. oligopsony
523. The value represented by the land, timber, reproduction, and physical improvements that make-
up a forest property is referred to as:
a. aesthetic value b. stumpage value c. stand price d. forest capital
524. Which is not a factor considered in determining the annual allowable cut in the second-growth
dipterocarp forest?
a. initial reduction factor c. annual cutting area
b. marking goal d. harvestable volume per hectare
525. What do you call that supplemented feeding during the breeding season?
a. cross breeding b. flushing c. mineral supplementation d. exotic feeding
526. It is the most popular improved pasture species in the Philippines. Its leaves are broad and
tapering with a strong midrib and with cylindrical, golden yellow flowers.
a. style b. para grass c. guinea grass d. napier
527. These area regardless of slope are highly erodible and too rocky for establishment of production
forests.
a. wilderness b. protection forest c. molave forest d. national park
528. In skyline logging, the required minimum height of the skyline is determined by the:
a. length of the transported logs c. volume of tree available
b. size of he logging set up d. yarder house power
529. What is the effect on domestic wood of the shift of logging from old growth to residual forests?
a. supply increased c. allowable diameter of trees to be cut increased
b. allowable cut increased d. supply decreased
530. It is an aerial photograph made with the camera axis pointed on at an angle between the vertical
and the horizontal.
a. oblique photograph c. photo pair photograph
b. vertical photograph d. stereoscopic photograph
531. It is the period or stage of growth at which improvement cutting is employed in the stand.
a. seedling stage c. reproduction
b. before the sapling stage d. past the sapling stage
532. When is trimming of the roots and shoot desirable?
a. Certain roots have been severely injured.
b. There is only primary root or leader.
c. There are well-developed side branches or lateral roots.
d. The proportion between root and top crown is balanced.
533. In range management, one animal unit is equivalent to:
a. 600 kg. c. 500 kg.
b. 700 kg. d. 455 kg. [300 kg in DAO 99-36 dated August 10, 1999]
77
534. Which is not a type of skidding classified according to the application of the motive power?
a. log crafts c. cables attached to logs and hauled by power
b. tractors d. animals
535. What method of hastening germination requires cutting a small portion of the testa in order to
expose a small portion of the cotyledon?
a. scarification b. nicking c. water treatment d. floatation
536. What is the principle on the reallocation of resource which improves the position of one without
harming the other.
a. Pareto optimum b. equal distribution c. monopoly d. economics
537. The scale of a log after deduction for defects is:
a. net scale b. gross scale c. sawmill scale d. government scale
538. In data analysis, what is the ratio of the standard deviation to mean?
a. coefficient of variation b. variation c. random sample d. mean
539. It includes all processes concerned with the abstraction of numerical data from photographs of all
kinds.
a. picture-taking b. photo-documentation c. photography d. photogrammetry
540. What refers to the geographic location or the total of all environmental conditions in a particular
location?
a. ecosystem b. site quality c. forest land d. site
541. In the Philippines, areas usually earmarked for reforestation are classified as:
a. residual forest above 1000 m. asl. c. upland farms
b. marginal lands d. mossy forests
542. The person responsible for unhooking the choker from the logs is the:
a. log unhooker b. chokerman c. chaser d. sideman
543. The return of an ecosystem or habitat to its original community structure, natural complement of Comment [APV47]: 4/27/04 3:50:27 PM: From
species and natural functions Glossary2
a. reforestation b. afforestation c. restoration d. regeneration

544. A fire that burns litter, other debris on the forest floor and small vegetation is:
a. floor fire b. low fire c. surface fire d. forest fire
545. A ratio, expressed in percent, of the actual amount of water vapor in the air compared to the
total amount of water vapor necessary for saturation:
a. dew point temperature c. microclimatic factor
b. dry bulb temperature d. relative humidity
546. The penalty or fine on damaged marked trees to be left in a logging operation is:
a. 5X the regular forest charges c. 4X the regular forest charges
b. 3X the regular forest charges d. double the regular forest charges
547. Who approves Certificate of Community Forest Stewardship for areas more than 500 ha but less
than 1,000 ha?
a. DENR Secretary c. Regional Executive Director
b. Concerned Assistant Secretary d. Undersecretary for Field Operations
548. The gradual diminution of diameter in a stem of a tree or a log from the base to the top:
a. shrinkage b. warping c. taper d. volume decrease
549. What digs or shoots choker holes under logs partially buried in soft ground?
a. powder monkey b. digger c. ground choker d. checker
550. What is the interest rate given the following: Vo = P100; Vn = P404.56; n = 10 years?
a. 15% b. 12% c. 10% d. 1.15%
551. What is the width of narrow strips of land bearing trees to be qualified as forest?
a. at least 100 meters b. at least 60 meters c. at least 200 meters d. at least 40 meters
552. A climatic type classified with rainfall more or less evenly distributed throughout the year:
a. Type IV b. Type III c. Type I d. Type II
78
553. What is the present value of P500,000 worth of land and timber when liquidated 10 years from
now at a discount rate of 10%?
a. P5,000 b. P50,000 c. P174,339.22 d. P192,771.64
554. Which of the following is not a type of pasture community?
a. Imperata cyclindrica c. Voacanga globosa
b. Themeda traindra d. Capillipedium parviflorum
555. The standard scale for a national park map as provided in DAO 72-1, Series of 1990 is:
a. 1:50000 b. 1:10000 c. 1:25000 d. 1:30000
556. Consider the following cash flow of project SSF:
0 1 2 3 4 5
Benefit 0 0 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Cost 30,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000
Discounting factor 1.000 0.893 0.797 0.712 0.636 0.567
The net present value is:
a. P91,090.00 c. P7,015.00
b. P35,001.00 d. P50,175.00
557. What is the percentage of trees 50 cm in diameter to be left as part of the marking goal for
residual stock in Cagayan and Isabela?
a. 50% b. 80% c. 75% d. 85%
558. Natural and native pastures are uncultivated lands which include:
a. cutover c. brush
b. range d. woodlands
559. It is a method for the rehabilitation and development of watersheds, protection and production
forests that takes advantage of the natural regeneration of broad leaf species and liberate these
species from competing vegetation, encourage faster growth and facilitate their domination over
the site.
a. enrichment planting c. liberation cutting
b. contract reforestation d. assisted natural regeneration
560. A market structure where there are only few firms involved, however, each firm can influence the
price of its products and also the sale of other firms:
a. pure monopoly b. oligopoly c. barter trade d. free market
561. Which Administrative Order embodies the policies on the management, development and
utilization of mangrove resources?
a. DAO No. 24, Series of 1990 c. DAO No. 21, Series of 1991
b. DAO No. 15, Series of 1990 d. DAO No. 14, Series of 1990
562. In aerial photogrammetry, it is an optically projected fine crosses, dots half arrows or other
geometric figures located either in corners or on sides:
a. fiducial marks c. nadir
b. parallax d. aerotriangles
563. The age at which a stand is considered mature and ready for harvesting Comment [APV48]: 4/27/04 4:07:59 PM: From
Glossary2
a. rotation age b. thinning age c. pathological age d. silvicultural age
564. A widening in the roadway where a vehicle may pull or park to allow other vehicles to pass safely Comment [APV49]: 4/27/04 4:08:30 PM: From
Glossary2
a. pass b. turnout c. sight distance d. topographic break
565. The cultivation and management of trees and forests for their present and potential contributions Comment [APV50]: 4/27/04 4:08:45 PM: From
to the physiological, sociological and economic well being of urban society. Glossary2
a. landscaping b. greenscaping c. urban forestry d. clean and green

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Foresters’ Licensure Examination

a. drainage basin c. watershed discharge

a. Benefit-cost ratio c. Internal rate of return

a. continuous grazing c. rotational grazing

b. inflation rate d. Payback interest

62. The purpose of thinning is to:

108. The most common grass species found in Philippine rangelands.

123. A method of easing animal stress on grazing lands:

b. stand volume d. stand biomass

242. Scientific name of Tanguile

277. Total dry material of the complete tree

337. Soil and water conservation objectives can be served by:

365. The process of regenerating forest to restore ecological balance:

382. In forest finance, carrying charges refer to:

471. Which of the following is not a part of the hydrologic cycle?

a. reforestation b. afforestation c. restoration d. regeneration

a. landscaping b. greenscaping c. urban forestry d. clean and green

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