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    Sample Problems Numerical Differentiation

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    brake saad
    This document contains problems related to numerical methods for solving differential equations, including: 1) Using Newton's method and Gauss-Seidel method to solve nonlinear equations. 2) Applying numerical differentiation, Heun's method, and shooting method to solve ordinary differential equations. 3) Deriving finite difference equations to solve partial differential equations, including the Poisson equation and equations for heat flow. 4) Using finite element analysis in COMSOL and the finite difference method to model diffusion processes and heat transfer.

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    Sample Problems Numerical Differentiation

    Uploaded by

    brake saad
    65 views9 pages
    This document contains problems related to numerical methods for solving differential equations, including: 1) Using Newton's method and Gauss-Seidel method to solve nonlinear equations. 2) Applying numerical differentiation, Heun's method, and shooting method to solve ordinary differential equations. 3) Deriving finite difference equations to solve partial differential equations, including the Poisson equation and equations for heat flow. 4) Using finite element analysis in COMSOL and the finite difference method to model diffusion processes and heat transfer.

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    This document contains problems related to numerical methods for solving differential equations, including: 1) Using Newton's method and Gauss-Seidel method to solve nonlinear equations. 2) Applying numerical differentiation, Heun's method, and shooting method to solve ordinary differential equations. 3) Deriving finite difference equations to solve partial differential equations, including the Poisson equation and equations for heat flow. 4) Using finite element analysis in COMSOL and the finite difference method to model diffusion processes and heat transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    65 views9 pages

    Sample Problems Numerical Differentiation

    Uploaded by

    brake saad
    This document contains problems related to numerical methods for solving differential equations, including: 1) Using Newton's method and Gauss-Seidel method to solve nonlinear equations. 2) Applying numerical differentiation, Heun's method, and shooting method to solve ordinary differential equations. 3) Deriving finite difference equations to solve partial differential equations, including the Poisson equation and equations for heat flow. 4) Using finite element analysis in COMSOL and the finite difference method to model diffusion processes and heat transfer.

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    Sample problems

    Numerical differentiation

    Gauss-Seidel method:
    Newton’s method for one and multiple nonlinear functions

    Determine the solution of the simultaneous nonlinear equations:

    y   x  x  0 .5
    2

    y  5 xy  x
    2

    Use the Newton’s method and employ initial guesses of x=y=1.2


    Determine the solution of the simultaneous nonlinear equations:

    x  5 y
    2 2

    y 1  x
    2

    a) Using Newton’s method, and employ initial guesses of x=y=1.5.


    b) Repeat item a) but compute the Jacobian matrix numerically using centered finite difference

    Numerical methods for ODE’s

    b) Solve with Heun’s method using h=1.


    Boundary value problems

    Solve this problem using the shooting method and the odesolvers available in MATLAB, e.g., ode45.

    A biofilm with a thickness Lf (cm), grows on the surface of a solid (see Figure below). After traversing a
    diffusion layer of thickness L (cm), a chemical compound A diffuses into the biofilm where it is subject to
    an irreversible first order reaction that converts it to a product B. Steady-state mass balances can be
    used to derive the following ordinary differential equations for compound A:
    2
    d ca
    D 2
    0 0 x L
    dx
    2
    d ca
    Df 2
     kc a  0 L  x  L  Lf
    dx

    where D=diffusion coefficient in the diffusion layer=0.8cm2/d, Df=the diffusion coefficient in the
    biofilm=0.64cm2/d, and k=the first-order rate for the conversion of A to B=0.1/d. The following
    boundary conditions hold:

    ca  ca 0 @x0
    dc a
    0 @ x  L  Lf
    dx

    Where ca0 =concentration of A in the bulk liquid= 100 mol/L. Use the finite-difference method to
    compute the steady-state distribution of A from x=0 to x=L+Lf, where L=0.008cm and Lf=0.004cm.
    Employ centered finite differences with Δx=0.001cm.

    Diffusion Solid
    Bulk liquid Biofilm
    layer surface

    L Lf

    0 x
    Numerical methods for PDEs.

    Derive the finite-different equations for solving the Poisson equation:

    Over a rectangular region of size 10”x12” using Δx=5” and Δy=6” with the following boundary
    conditions:

    1)
    2)
    3)
    4)

    Use central-finite divided difference approximations.

    A metal rod of unit length is subjected to the initial conditions:

    Both the ends of the rod are insulated so that:

    Derive the equations governing the temperature distribution in the rod using the method of lines.
    Assume Δx=0.2 and use a centered finite difference approximation to discretize the spatial domain.

    The problem of transient radial heat flow in a circular rod in nondimensional form is described by:

    ̅ ̅ ̅ ̅

    With Boundary conditions:

    ̅ ̅
    ̅

    An initial condition:

    ̅ ̅
    Derive the equations governing the nondimensional temperature distribution for this problem using
    second-order accurate finite-difference analogues for the derivates with a Crank-Nicolson formulation.

    Solve in COMSOL the steady-state distribution of concentration for the tank shown in the figure below.
    The PDE governing this system is

    ( )

    And the boundary conditions as shown. The numerical values for parameters D and k are 0.5 and 0.1
    respectively.

    Use Finite element analysis to solve the steady-state heat equation in 1D for a 15-cm rod with boundary
    conditions of T(x=0)=75 and T(x=10)=150 and a uniform heat source of 15. Assume 5 nodes and 4
    elements along the rod. Use the method of weighted residuals to solve your approximation function in
    an optimal fashion. The analytical solution to this problem is as follows: T   7 .5 x 2  82 .5 x  75 .

    2
    d T
    2
      f ( x)
    dx

    Compare your results to those obtained with the analytical solution.


    Mathematical modeling that involves mass transport

    Develop an expression that can be used to obtain the oxygen concentration profile at steady-state.
    Develop an expression that determines the steady-state concentration profile of A in the fluid.

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