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Boiler Dru Internals

The document summarizes the purpose and components of a boiler steam drum. The steam drum provides storage for steam and allows equipment to separate water from steam and remove impurities. It contains internals like steam separators, chemical feed lines, and blowoff lines. Primary and secondary separators in the drum separate steam and water using cyclones, turbines, and corrugated plates. Dryers further remove moisture before steam exits. An internal feed pipe and continuous blowdown pipe also assist water treatment and removal of impurities in the drum.

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Raghvendra Singh Shaktawat
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102 views

Boiler Dru Internals

The document summarizes the purpose and components of a boiler steam drum. The steam drum provides storage for steam and allows equipment to separate water from steam and remove impurities. It contains internals like steam separators, chemical feed lines, and blowoff lines. Primary and secondary separators in the drum separate steam and water using cyclones, turbines, and corrugated plates. Dryers further remove moisture before steam exits. An internal feed pipe and continuous blowdown pipe also assist water treatment and removal of impurities in the drum.

Uploaded by

Raghvendra Singh Shaktawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

BOILER

Boiler is an apparatus to produce steam.


Thermal energy released by combustion of fuel is
used to make steam at the desired temperature
and pressure.
The steam produced is used for:
• (i) Producing mechanical work by expanding it in
steam engine or steam turbine.
• (ii) Heating the residential and industrial
buildings
• (iii) Performing certain processes in the sugar
mills, chemical and textile industries.
PURPOSES OF THE BOILER STEAM DRUM

• It provides a place for the storage of steam.

• It provides a place to install equipment that


will separate water out of the steam, before
the steam goes to super-heaters, turbines, etc.

• It provides a place in which equipment can be


installed that will remove impurities from the
steam.
Cont…
• It provides a place from which heavy
concentrations of impurities in the water
can be removed, via the blowdown line.

• It provides a place for the distribution of


feedwater into the water circuits of the
boiler.

• It provides a place for the introduction of


water treatment chemicals into the
boiler.
Drum Internals
The term “drum internals” refers to all the
devices installed within the boiler steam drum.
This includes:

• Steam separators
• Chemical feed lines
• Boiler feedwater lines, and
• Continuous blowoff lines.
SEPARATION OF STEAM AND WATER

The separation of
water and steam in
low pressure systems
can be accomplished
without the aid of
mechanical separators

Fig 1. Steam Separation in Boiler Drum Without Baffles


• As the pressure rises, mechanical equipment
becomes necessary for separating the steam.
• The dry pipe changes the direction of flow of the
steam and water mixture, and causes most of the
water to drop back into the drum.

Fig 2. Dry Pipe


• In a modern boiler drum, the separation of
steam from the mixture usually takes place in
three steps:

1. Primary separation
2. Secondary separation
3. Steam scrubbing

Fig 3. Simple Circuit Showing Primary Steam Separation


PRIMARY SEPARATORS
• At higher pressures, the tendency of steam to
separate from water is not as strong. Thus,
steam will be carried through the steam drum
and back into the downcomers unless means
are taken to prevent such action.

• The cyclone steam separator was developed to


remove the steam from the mixture of steam
and water in the steam drum, and to provide
the downcomers with steam-free water.
Fig. 4 Cyclone Separators and Steam Scrubbers (Courtesy of Babcock and Wilcox)
• All of the steam and
circulating water from
the risers is collected
behind a manifold
Baffle and then
discharged
into the cyclones.

• The cyclone steam


separator has no
Fig 5. Cyclone Steam Separator (Courtesy of Babcock and
moving parts Wilcox)
Cont…
• A second type of separator is the turbo separator.
• Steam and water mixture enters near the top of the
drum and is directed, by a baffle, down the inside
wall of the drum to the turbo separator.
• A separating force is
created when the high
velocity steam and water
mixture passes through
the spinner blades.

Fig. 6 Turbo Separators


SECONDARY SEPARATORS
• The steam leaving the
primary separators
passes into the
secondary separators.
• These are generally rows
of closely fitted corrugated
metal plates.
• These plates cause
the steam to change
direction many times
Fig. 7 Secondary Separator
DRYERS or STEAM SCRUBBERS
• These are located at the top of the drum.
• Last stage of moisture
and contaminant
removal before the
steam leaves the boiler
drum.
• It is generally a wire
mesh or screen that will
pick up any droplets of
water in the steam.
Fig. 8 Dryers or Steam Scrubbers
INTERNAL FEED PIPE

• An internal feedwater pipe is used on most boilers.

• The internal feedwater pipe is arranged so that it


reduces the risk of thermal shock and excessive
turbulence.

• Larger boilers use a feedwater pipe which runs


nearly the full length of the steam drum and is
perforated over its entire length.
Fig. 9 Internal Feed Pipe
CONTINUOUS BLOWDOWN PIPE
• The continuous blowdown, or blowoff, is located
several centimetres below the normal water level
in the steam drum.
• This is where the water having the greatest
concentration of dissolved solids is found.
• it continuously removes a controlled amount of
concentrated water from the drum.
• The amount of blowdown is controlled by a
special regulating or metering valve, equipped
with an indicator that shows how much the valve
is opened.
Fig. 10 Continuous Blowdown Pipe
Thank You

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