Tut 1-1

College of Engineering Pune
Ordinary Differential Equations and Multivariate Calculus

Tutorial-1 (2020-21)
1. Define Ordinary differential equation, General solution, Particular

solution, Singular solution of an ODE, Exact differential equation and
Linear differential equation.
2. Verify that the given function is a solution of corresponding differential

equation (a, b, c are arbitrary constants)
a) y = a cos πx + b sin πx, y 00 + π 2 y = 0
b) y = 5 e−2x + 2 x2 + 2x + 1, y 0 + 2y = 4 (x + 1)2
c) y = −sin x + ax2 + bx + c, y 000 = cos x
0 0√
d) y = sin−1 xy, xy + y = y 1 − x2 y 2
0
e) x2 + y 2 = 1, x + yy = 0
Z x
2 2
f) y = ex e−t dt, y 0 = 2 xy + 1
0
3. Obtain the general solution (or particular solution) of the following dif-
ferential equations.
0
a) y = 2 sec 2y
0
b) x = cos(x + y)
q
c) x dy − y dx = x x2 + y 2 dx, y(1) = 1
0
d) y = (y + 9x)2
0
q
2
e) x y + xy + 1 − x2 y 2 = 0
y−x
f) y 0 =
y−x+2
2
g) y y 0 = (x − 1) e−y ,
y(0) = 1
−1 y
!
2 0 2 2
h) x y = 3 (x + y ) tan + xy
x
y+2
i) y 0 =
x+y+1
q
0
j) (y/x) y = 1 + x2 + y 2 + x2 y 2
1
0 π
k) x3 (sin y) y = 2, y(x) → as x → ∞
2
y
!
0 2
5
l) xy = y + 4x cos , y(2) = 0
x
4. If in a culture of yeast the rate of growth y 0 (t) is proportional to the

amount y(t) present at time t, and if y(t) doubles in 1 day, how much
yeast can be expected after 3 days at the same rate of growth ? After 1
week ? (Ans: 8 y0 , 128 y0 )
5. If the growth rate of the amount of yeast at any time t is proportional to

the amount present at that time and doubles in 1 week, how much yeast
can be expected after 2 weeks? After 4 weeks?
6. Experiments show the rate of inversion of cane sugar in dilute solution is

proportional to the the concentration y(t) of unaltered sugar. Let the con-
centration be 1/100 at t = 0 and 1/300 at t = 4 hrs. Find y(t). (Ans:
−0.275 t
0.01 e )
7. A thermometer, reading 100 C, is brought into a room whose temperature

is 230 C. Two minutes later the thermometer reading is 180 C. How long
will it take until the reading is 22.80 C. (Ans : 8.73 mins.)
8. A body originally at 800 C cools down to 600 C in 20 minutes, the temper-

ature of the air being 400 C. What will be the temperature of the body
after 40 minutes from the original ? (Ans: 500 C)
9. A tank contains 5000 liters of fresh water. Salt water which contains 100
gms of salt per liter flows into it at the rate of 10 liters per minute and
the mixture kept uniform by stirring, runs out at the same rate. When
will the tank contain 200, 000 gms of salt?
2
10 A tank contains 1000 gallons of water in which 200 lb of salt, are dis-
solved. Fifty gallons of brine, each containing (1 + cos t) lb of dissolved
salt, runs into the tank per minute, the mixture kept uniform by stirring,
runs out at the same rate. Find the amount of salt y(t) in the tank at
any time t.
(Ans: y(t) = 1000 + 2.494 cos t + 49.88 sin t − 802.5 e−0.05t )
11 State and prove the necessary and sufficient condition of exactness for
M (x, y) dx + N (x, y) dy = 0.
12. Define integrating factor and then prove the following theorem:
Qx − Py R
If is a function of y alone, say φ(y), then e φ(y) dy is an
P
integrating factor of a differential equation P (x, y) dx + Q(x, y) dy = 0.
y+1
13. Verify that is an integrating factor of the differential equation
x4
3(y + 1) dx = 2x dy, and then solve using this I.F and otherwise.
14. Find the constant n such that y n is an integrating factor of

y(2x2 y + ex ) dx − (ex + y 3 ) dy = 0.
15. Test for exactness, if exact then solve. If not so, then find the I.F and
then solve. Given the initial conditions, find the particular solution.
cos y 1
! !
a) dx − sin y ln(5x + 15) − dy = 0
x+3 y
b) 3x(xy − 2) dx + (x3 + 2y) dy = 0
c) (cos x cos y − cot x) dx − sin x sin y dy = 0
2 2
d) (y 2 exy + 4x3 ) dx + (2xy exy − 3y 2 ) dy = 0
e) (sin x cosh y) dx − (cos x sinh y) dy = 0
f) e−y dx + e−x (1 − e−y ) dy = 0
2
g) (2xy dx + dy) ex = 0, y(0) = 2
h) (2x ln x − xy) dy + 2y dx = 0
3
16. Solve the following linear / non-linear differential equations:
dy
a) x(1 − x2 ) + (2x2 − 1) y = x3
dx
b) e−y 2
sec y dy = dx + x dy
dy
c) = x3 y 3 − xy
dx
17. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the following family of curves:
2 x3
a) y =
c−x
b) x2 + y 2 = 2ax
18. Show that the family of curves x2 + 4y 2 = c1 and y = c2 x4 are orthogonal

to each other.
19. Show that the family of parabolas y 2 = 4cx + 4c2 is self orthogonal.
♣ ♣ ♣ ♣

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College of Engineering Pune

Ordinary Differential Equations and Multivariate Calculus

1. Define Ordinary differential equation, General solution, Particular

2. Verify that the given function is a solution of corresponding differential

4. If in a culture of yeast the rate of growth y 0 (t) is proportional to the

5. If the growth rate of the amount of yeast at any time t is proportional to

6. Experiments show the rate of inversion of cane sugar in dilute solution is

7. A thermometer, reading 100 C, is brought into a room whose temperature

8. A body originally at 800 C cools down to 600 C in 20 minutes, the temper-

14. Find the constant n such that y n is an integrating factor of

17. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the following family of curves:

18. Show that the family of curves x2 + 4y 2 = c1 and y = c2 x4 are orthogonal

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