NOTE

 Slides marked as Extra study are not as a part of syllabus.

 Those are provided for add-on knowledge.

1
Disclaimer
 This presentation is purely for academic purpose and does not carry
any commercial value.
 All non-academic images used in this presentation are property of
respective image holder(s). Images are used only for indicative
purpose and does not carry any other meaning.

2
Please follow this…

3
Analyze Data
Using
Pivot Table
Data Analysis Using Excel

4
 Text Book
TEXT BOOK
 Hector Guerrero, “Excel Data Analysis - Modeling and Simulation”, Springer-Verlog
 Camm, Cochran, Fry, Ohlmann, Anderson, Sweeney, Willians, “Essentials of Business
Analytics”, Cenage Learning

REFERENCE LINK FOR EXCEL

 https://www.excel-easy.com/
 https://support.office.com/en-us/article/excel-for-windows-training-9bc05390-e94c-
46af-a5b3-d7c22f6990bb?wt.mc_id=otc_home&ui=en-US&rs=en-US&ad=US

5
TABLE OF CONTENT
1 Why Table and Pivot Table?

2 Skills of Pivot Table

3 Example – Auto Sales Summarization

4 Example – Change Focused Sell

5 Example – Consumer Survey

6 Example – Sales Order

7 Example – Visitors to Car Dealership

8 Example –
6
Data Set Used
Data Set will be shared separately.

 CarSell.xlsx
 SalesData.xlsx
 SalesOrders.xlsx
 SurveyWebPageDesign.xlsx
 Autosales.xlsx

7
TABLE & PIVOT TABLE

1
8
Why Table?

Tables are used to

Get summary of values

Compare between different values

Show/display different units or very different magnitudes

9
What is PivotTable?

A PivotTable is a powerful tool to calculate,

summarize, and analyze data that lets you see
comparisons, patterns, and trends in your data.

10
Why PivotTable?
PivotTable simply allows to make better sense of data by giving
different options of how to view that data.

PivotTable helps to describe data in a tabular summary form.

PivotTable support in the discovery of patterns in the underlying data

and provide actionable insights.

You can group data into categories, break down data into years and
months, filter data to include or exclude categories, and even build charts.
11
Why PivotTable – Describe & Discover
PivotTable simply allows to make better sense of data by giving
different options of how to view that data.

PivotTable helps to describe data in a tabular 2-dimension format based

on intersection.

PivotTable support in the discovery of patterns in the underlying data

and provide actionable insights.

You can group data into categories, break down data into years and
months, filter data to include or exclude categories, and even build charts.
12
Why PivotTable – Interactive & Dynamic

PivotTables has interactive features hence with very little effort (and no
formulas) you can look at the same data from many different perspectives.

PivotTable allows to create view according to changing Business

Questions (i.e. we do not want Static Report).

13
 ANSWER BUSINESS QUESTIONS WITH PIVOT TABLE

There are many business questions that require the collection and analysis
of quantitative and qualitative data.
For example,
 How does a visitor’s opinion of a commercial website relate to her
purchases at the website?
 Does a positive opinion of the website, relative to a bad opinion, lead to
higher sales? This type of information is often gathered in the form of an
opinion and measured as a categorical response.

14
SKILLS OF PIVOT TABLE

2
15
 Skills
Students are expected to develop below skills. Use Microsoft
Official site -
Create a PivotTable to analyse worksheet data

Use the Field List to arrange fields in a PivotTable

Group or ungroup data in a PivotTable

Filter data in a PivotTable

Create a PivotChart
https://support.office.com/en-us/article/pivottables-ebf525d5-3a1c-4718-badd-8851a27aa943?ui=en-US&rs=en-US&ad=US
16
Before you Create a PivotTable

Before we attempt to analyze data with pivot table, Pivot

chart we need create pivot Table. Steps are as follows

Ensure that all your data columns have headers

Ensure that your data contains no blank rows

17
 Steps to Create a PivotTable
https://support.office.com/en-us/article/pivottables-ebf525d5-3a1c-4718-badd-8851a27aa943?ui=en-US&rs=en-US&ad=US

1 Select cells in your table or range

2 Select Insert > PivotTable

Choose where you want the

3
PivotTable to be placed

Select the fields you want in your

4 PivotTable, and drag them to the
areas you want
Excel also recommends useful PivotTables.
18
 How to create a Pivot Table? (1/5)
1 Select cells in your table or range, or Click on any part of the data table
Click on ‘Insert’ tab, click on ‘PivotTable’. The ‘Table/Range’ is selected by
2 default as your contiguous range of data. Leave the defaults selected in
the ‘Create PivotTable’ dialog box.

19
 How to create a Pivot Table? (2/5)

3
Click ‘OK’ and your
new worksheet will
be activated.
Fields, Filters,
Column, Row, and
Values will be
displayed on new
worksheet.

20
 How to create a Pivot Table ? (3/5)
4
Choose fields to add to
your Pivot Table as
needed from the Pivot
Table ‘Field List’. Selected Fields
Note: The ‘Field List’ is
only visible if you click
the cursor into the Pivot
Table itself. If you click
into a cell outside the
Pivot Table, the ‘Field
List’ will become hidden.
21
How to create a Pivot Table ? (4/5)

Select Value
5
 Select value to be changed Select “Value Field Settings”
from “Values”
 Select “Value Field Settings”

22
How to create a Pivot Table ? (5/5)

6
Select “Type of Calculation”

23
More than PivotTable
The below skills are also equally
important from PivotTable

PivotChart

Fields, Items and Sets

Timeline

Slicer

Filter
24
EXAMPLE – AUTO SALES SUMMARIZATION

3
25
EXAMPLE – AUTO SALES SUMMARIZATION
Consider auto sales data, the question a decision maker might consider
in examining the data is a below.

Sales associates and the models of automobiles they sell?

26
 DATA of AutoSales
Refer Excel File: AutoSales

RecordNumber SalesPerson Date Make Model AmountPaid Rebates SalescCommission

1 Bill 02-01-2005 Ford Wagon $24,000 $2,500 $2,150
2 Henry 02-01-2005 Toyota Sedan 26,500 1,000 2,550
3 Harriet 03-01-2005 Audi Sedan 34,000 0 3,400
4 Ahmad 06-01-2005 Audi Coupe 37,000 0 5,550
5 Ahmad 06-01-2005 Ford Sedan 17,500 2,000 2,325
6 Henry 08-01-2005 Toyota Truck 24,000 1,500 2,300
7 Lupe 10-01-2005 Ford Wagon 23,000 2,500 2,050
8 Piego 12-01-2005 Ford Sedan 14,500 500 1,400
9 Kenji 13-01-2005 Toyota Truck 27,000 1,200 2,580
10 Ahmad 14-01-2005 Audi Coupe 38,000 0 5,700
11 Kenji 16-01-2005 Toyota Truck 28,500 1,500 2,700
12 Bill 16-01-2005 Toyota Sedan 23,000 2,000 2,100
27
PivotTable - Sales Person v/s Make
Refer Excel File: AutoSales

28
PivotTable – Make v/s Model
Refer Excel File: AutoSales

29
 PivotTable – More Combinations
Sum of Sum of Count of
Make
Sum of Sum of AmountPaid SalescCommission Model
Make
AmountPaid SalescCommission Ahmad 92500 13575 3
Audi 109000 14650 Audi 75000 11250 2
Ford 79000 7925 Ford 17500 2325 1
Toyota 129000 12230 Bill 47000 4250 2
Ford 24000 2150 1
Total 317000 34805
Toyota 23000 2100 1
Harriet 34000 3400 1
Audi 34000 3400 1
Henry 50500 4850 2
Toyota 50500 4850 2
Refer Excel File: AutoSales Kenji 55500 5280 2
Toyota 55500 5280 2
Lupe 23000 2050 1
Ford 23000 2050 1
Piego 14500 1400 1
Ford 14500 1400 1
Grand Total 317000 34805 1230
EXAMPLE – CHANGE FOCUSED SELL

4
31
 Refer Excel File: SalesData

Change Focused Selling

 U&W Auto has a business of selling used cars across USA. They have stores and
sales executive to sale cars. U&W Auto wanted to understand the sales trend.
 There is a possibility that sales executive may concentrate on the sale of higher
priced vehicles to a small number of demographics, then a decision maker may
want to take steps to change this focused selling.
 It is possible that customers in other demographics may be interested in similar
vehicles if U&W Auto apply appropriate sales incentives.
 Demographic implies the grouping or segmentation of customers into groups
with similar age, gender, family size, income, professions, education, religious
affiliation, race, ethnicity, national origin, etc.
32
 Sample Sales Data (in Hundred $)
Date Color Region Units Sales
Sales_Data.xlsx 3-Jan-16 Red West 1 $11.00
13-Jan-16 Blue South 8 $96.00
Refer Excel File: SalesData 21-Jan-16 Green West 2 $26.00
30-Jan-16 Blue North 7 $84.00
The Sales_Data contains 452 7-Feb-16 Green North 8 $104.00
records with 5 fields of - Date, 13-Feb-16 Red South 2 $22.00
Color, Units, Sales, and Region. 21-Feb-16 Blue East 5 $60.00
1-Mar-16 Green West 2 $26.00
Suppose decision maker want to 13-Mar-16 Blue East 8 $96.00
23-Mar-16 Blue North 7 $84.00
understand about data – Region ? 28-Mar-16 Green West 2 $26.00
And question can be 3-Apr-16 Blue South 8 $96.00
12-Apr-16 Green South 1 $13.00
Which Region may have more 16-Apr-16 Red East 8 $88.00
concentration of sales? 23-Apr-16 Red West 6 $66.00
30-Apr-16 Green South 5 $65.00
To do this we can compare 9-May-16 Blue South 7 $84.00
Region on the basis of Sales. 16-May-16 Red South 5 $55.00
25-May-16 Blue South 1 $12.0033
 Refer Excel File: SalesData

Compare Region (by Sales)

Decision maker want information as below to decide, whether current
approach is focused sales.
 Sum of Sales in each region
 Sum of Sales (%) in each region
 Mean of Sales in each region
 Maximum of Sales in each region
 Minimum of Sales in each region
 Standard Deviation of Sales in each region
 Standard Deviation of Population of Sales in each region
34
 Add Region & Sales to
Pivot Table

Drag qualitative variable Region

Field to ROWS

Drag quantitative variable Sales

Field to COLUMNS

Refer Excel File: SalesData 35

 Move to Values

Click on Sales Field in COLUMNS

Select σ 𝑴𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔

(This will give total Sales for all
four Region East, North, South,
West)

Refer Excel File: SalesData 36

 Add Dimensions for Analysis

 Drag and Drop Sales Field to

σ 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 multiple times

 Click on those values to get Value

Field Settings

Refer Excel File: SalesData 37

 Summarize Value Field
 From sum of sales select ‘Value
Field Setting’
 Select Summarize Values By
 From pull down menu, select
appropriate filed from many
possibilities - Sum, Count, Average,
Min, Max.
 You can also select Show Values As
%.
Refer Excel File: SalesData 38
 Refer Excel File: SalesData
Summarize Value Field
(Get the % of Average Sales)

39
 Refer Excel File: SalesData

Analysis of Data and Inference

Standard StdDev of
Sum % Sum Mean Maximum Minimum
Region Deviation Population
of Sales of Sales of Sales of Sales of Sales
of Sales of Sales
East 3729 14% 57.37 112 10 31.25 31.01
North 8719 33% 63.64 130 11 31.14 31.03
South 5074 19% 54.56 142 12 32.85 32.68
West 8891 34% 56.63 120 13 30.74 30.64
Total 26413 100% 58.44 142 10 31.47 31.44

The above table indicate that

 North and West regions has more sales compared to East and South region.
 Mean of sales is higher in North region, where as in other region it is mostly similar.
 Thus it indicate that there is a chance that North region may have focused selling.
40
 Refer Excel File: SalesData

Analysis of Data and Inference

Mean Maximum Minimum Sum % Sum Sum of % Sales Compared to
Region
of Sales of Sales of Sales of Sales of Sales Units Total Sales in all Region
East 88 112 60 2544 13% 199 10%
North 88 130 60 6523 34% 495 24%
South 83 142 60 3880 20% 303 15%
West 83 120 60 6465 33% 491 24%
Total 85 142 60 19412 100% 1488 73%

 Total Number of Unit Sale in all region = 2048

 Mean value of sales from all region is 58.44.
 It is assumed that Vehicle price more than mean value (58.44) is higher priced car.
 In above table, data is used above 60$.
 The above analysis indicate that North and West region have more sales of expensive cars.
41
 Refer Excel File: SalesData

Pivot table – Analysis of Qualitative Data

Group/Ungroup Region Sum of Sales
East 3729
2016 614
 For data in Sales_Data.xlsx, we want 2017 1443
to find sales year wise to compare 2018 916
2019 756
yearly sales. Also Sales month wise for North 8719
regions. 2016 941
2017 1349
 Use grouping to create a concise 2018 3671
summary, instead of showing a long 2019 2758
South 5074
list of individual numbers. 2016 1242
 Drag Date, Region Field to ROWS 2017 1097
2018 1980
 Drag Sales Field to σ 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝑈𝐸𝑆 2019 755
 And select sum of sales from West 8891
2016 656
 ‘Value Field Setting’ 2017 2713
 To group Date by Month, right click 2018 2501
2019 3021
Date, select Group, Month, Year Total 26413
42
 Refer Excel File: SalesData

Analysis of Data – Group and Ungroup

43
 Refer Excel File: SalesData

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Sum of Sales
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
2016 217 186 232 328 199 213 187 277 405 355 331 517 3447
2017 516 438 568 383 525 579 506 624 467 651 609 725 6591
2018 859 498 740 818 425 785 591 667 730 875 806 1234 9028
2019 982 989 824 1300 1247 773 1001 174 7290
Grand Total 2574 2111 2364 2829 2396 2350 2285 1742 1602 1881 1746 2476 26356

 If we need month in ROWS, then you will have month COLUMN.

 Each month shows sales for corresponding year. Grand total of Sales year
wise on right side of table.

44
 Refer Excel File: SalesData

Add Timeline
 You can add Timeline to filter data using Year,
Quarter, Month or Days.
 You have to select Insert Timeline from Analyze in
PivotTable.

45
 Refer Excel File: SalesData

Add Timeline
 You can use slider and Month to filter data.
 Similarly you can use other Timelines – Year, Quarter, Days

Month
Slider
46
EXAMPLE – CONSUMER SURVEY

5
47
 TiendaMía – Data Collection
Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign
 The web-based business, TiendaMía.com, is interested in testing various
web designs that customers will use to order products.
 The owners of TiendaMía.com hired a marketing firm to help them
conduct a preliminary survey of 30 randomly selected customers to
determine their preferences.
 Each of the customers is instructed to visit a website for a measured
amount of time. The customers are then introduced to four web-page
designs and asked to respond to a series of questions. The data are self-
reported by the customers on the website as they experience the four
different webpage designs.
Hector Guerrero, “Excel Data Analysis - Modeling and Simulation”, Springer-Verlog 48
 TiendaMía – Data Collection & Study
Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign
 The data collected from 30 respondents regarding questions about their
gender, age, income, and the region of the country where they live are
organized.
 Respondents have provided an Opinion on each of the 4 products in one
section of the data, and demographic characteristics, Category, in another.
 Out of Range Response - The respondent number 13 in Table claims to be
a 19 year old female that has an income of $55,000,000 and resides in
outer space. In this case, it is relatively easy to see that our respondent is
not providing information that we can accept as true, hence this record
has to be removed from the survey response records.
49
 Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign

TiendaMía – Sample Data

CATEGORY OPINION
Case Gender Age Income Region Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Product 4
1 M 19 2,500 east good good good bad
2 M 25 21,500 east good good bad bad
3 F 65 13,000 west good good good bad
4 M 43 64,500 north good good bad bad
5 F 20 14,500 east bad good bad good
6 F 41 35,000 north bad good bad bad
7 F 77 12,500 south good bad bad bad
8 M 54 123,000 south bad bad bad bad
9 F 31 43,500 south good good bad bad
10 M 37 48,000 east bad good good bad
11 M 41 51,500 west good good bad bad
12 F 29 26,500 west bad good bad bad
13 F 19 55,000,000 outer space bad bad bad bad
14 F 32 41,000 north good bad good bad
50
 Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign

TiendaMía – Questions of Decision Maker

1. Is there a webpage design that dominates others in terms of positive

customer response?
2. If we consider the various demographic and financial characteristics of
the respondents, how do these characteristics relate to their webpage
design preferences? that is, is there a particular demographic group(s)
that responded with generally positive, negative, or neutral preferences to
the particular webpage designs?
These questions cover a multitude of important issues that TiendaMía will
want to explore.

51
 Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign

Questions-1
Is there a webpage design that dominates others in terms of positive
customer response?
ANSWER -
 In order to Answer above question, we need summary of data
regardless of any characteristics.
 Hence answer has to be focused on how many respondents have a
preference for each webpage design?
 Use COUNTIF(range, criteria) function to get summary data.
 Example =COUNTIF(G4:G32, "bad")
52
 Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign

Questions-1
 Product 1 with 18
Count of Product
good dominates all
Product Product Product Product Total % of
1 2 3 4 Total products.
bad 11 13 14 23 61 53%  Product 2 and
good 18 16 15 6 55 47% Product 3 are
116
relatively close (15
and 13) to each
Count of Product other.
Product Product Product Product  Product 4 is
1 2 3 4 significantly different
bad 38% 45% 48% 79%
with only 5 good.
good 62% 55% 52% 21%
53
 Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign

Gender based Preference (Question 1)

Count of Product 1 In our survey data, the dimension

Gender bad good Total Gender and Product 1 can intersect
Female 7 7 14 in how the two categories of gender
Male 4 11 15 rate their preference for Product 1, a
Total 11 18 29 count of either good or bad.

If question is how the two categories of gender rate their preference for
Product 1 ?
 11 Males out 15 and 7 Females out of 14 gave ‘good’ opinion to
Website Design1.
 We can also construct cross tabulation for other 3 Website Design
54
 Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign

Gender based Preference (Question 1)

We can also construct a similar cross-tabulation for each of the three

remaining webpage designs (Product 2, 3, 4) by examining the data and
counting the respondents that meet the conditions in each cell.

55
 Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign
Questions 2 – Gender, Age and Income
 Question 2 asks how the demographic and financial data of the
respondents relates to preferences. demographic characteristics are
represented by Gender, Age, Income, and Region.
 In Question-1, we have displayed the count of respondents, but we can
include, for example, the respondents average age or the total income

Average of Age Sum of Income

Gender bad good Total Gender bad good Total
F 47 45 46 F 431000 175500 606500
M 44 39 40 M 403000 517000 920000
Total 46 41 43 Total 834000 692500 1526500
56
 Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign

Question 2 - Gender & Product 1

Preference in Terms of Average Income

STEPS
 Drag Gender to Rows Average of Income
Gender bad good Total
 Drag Product 1 as the
column F 61571.43 25071.43 43321.43
M 100750.00 47000.00 61333.33
 Drag income to σ Values
Total 75818.18 38472.22 52637.93
 Change sum of income to
Average

57
 Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign

Cross-tabulation of Gender/Region & Product 1

Count of Product 1
Preference in bad good Grand Total
Terms of Respondent Count east 3 6 9
F 1 2 3
Adding dimensions to either the M 2 4 6
row or column results in a data north 2 5 7
reorganization and different F 1 1 2
presentation of Table M 1 4 5
south 4 3 7
STEPS F 3 2 5
 Drag Region to Rows M 1 1 2
 Drag Gender to Rows west 2 4 6
 Drag Product 1 as the column F 2 2 4
M 2 2
 Drag Product 1 to σ Values
Grand Total 11 18 29 58
Pivot chart

 Constructing a PivotChart leads to the simultaneous construction of a

PivotTable
 After constructing pivot table.
 Click Analyze Ribbon, Pivot Chart icon will be in Ribbon.
 Click on pivot Chart, create pivot chart

59
 Refer Excel File: SurveyWebPageDesign

Pivot Chart (Question 1)

Gender Vs Produce1 Preferences

12

10

8 bad
Count

6 good
4

0
F M

Gender
60
Pivot Chart
5
4
4
3
3
2 bad
2 good
1
1
0
F M F M F M F M
east north south west

61
EXAMPLE – SALES ORDER

6
62
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Data
Order Date Region Rep Item Units Unit Cost Total Cost
This is sales data for a stationery 6-Jan-18 East Jones Pencil 95 1.99 189.05
company, and each row represents 23-Jan-18 Central Kivell Binder 50 19.99 999.50
an order. Data has fields as below. 9-Feb-18 Central Jardine Pencil 36 4.99 179.64
26-Feb-18 Central Gill Pen 27 19.99 539.73
 Date on which the order was
15-Mar-18 West Sorvino Pencil 56 2.99 167.44
placed 1-Apr-18 East Jones Binder 60 4.99 299.40
 Region in which the sale was 18-Apr-18 Central Andrews Pencil 75 1.99 149.25
made 5-May-18 Central Jardine Pencil 90 4.99 449.10
Thompso
 The sales representative's name 22-May-18 West
n
Pencil 32 1.99 63.68

 The item sold 8-Jun-18 East Jones Binder 60 8.99 539.40

25-Jun-18 Central Morgan Pencil 90 4.99 449.10
 The number of units sold
12-Jul-18 East Howard Binder 29 1.99 57.71
 The cost of a single unit 29-Jul-18 East Parent Binder 81 19.99 1,619.19
 the total cost of the order 15-Aug-18 East Jones Pencil 35 4.99 174.65
6-Jan-18 Central Smith Desk 2 125.00 250.00
63
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Insert Calculated Field

 Click any cell inside Pivot table

 Click on Analyze
 In Calculation panel, click on Field,
Item & Sets
 Click on Calculated Field

64
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Insert Formula

 Assume that you have to insert a

new column that shows Bonus Paid
to Representative. The bonus is 8%
of Total Cost
 Type Name as Bonus
 Type Formula as = ‘Total Cost’ *
8/100
 Note ‘Total Cost’ has to be selected
from Fields

65
The Output - Bonus

Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

66
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Monthly Analysis of Data

Sum of Sales
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Cost
2016 217 186 232 328 199 213 187 277 405 355 331 517 3447
2017 733 624 800 711 724 792 693 901 872 1006 940 1242 10038
2018 1592 1122 1540 1529 1149 1577 1284 1568 1602 1881 1746 2476 19066
2019 2574 2111 2364 2829 2396 2350 2285 1742 1602 1881 1746 2476 26356

 If I want what will be accumulated sum of sales after 2nd, 3rd .. Months We need running
total.
 Right click the cell in table, Show value as, Running Total in
 Pop Up box Base field will be displayed
 Select year, OK
67
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Filter Option
 Create Pivot Table for
SalesOrders. Xlsx
 Drag Rep to ROWS
 Drag Total Cost to σ 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝑈𝐸𝑆
 Drag Item to FILTERS
 Select Pen from Filter ‘Item’
 It will show Data only for pen
‘Item’
 Change Item in Filter, it will
show Corresponding sales for
selected item. You can select
Multiple Item and see Report.
68
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Filter Option - Pen

Item (All) Item Pen
Total
Rep Rep Total Sales
Sales
Andrews 438.37 Gill 539.73
Gill 1749.87 Howard 479.04
Howard 536.75 Jones 575.36
Jardine 2812.19 Parent 299.85
Jones 2363.04
Sorvino 151.24
Kivell 3109.44
Grand
Morgan 1387.77
Total 2045.22
Parent 3102.3
Smith 1641.43
Sorvino 1283.61
Thompson 1203.11

Grand Total 19627.88

69
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Sorting Rep Total Sales Rep Total sales

Andrews 438.37 Kivell 3109.44
 Create Pivot Table for Gill 1749.87 Parent 3102.3
SalesOrders. Xlsx Howard 536.75 Jardine 2812.19
 Drag Rep to ROWS Jardine 2812.19 Jones 2363.04
Jones 2363.04 Gill 1749.87
 Drag Total to σ 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝑈𝐸𝑆
Kivell 3109.44 Smith 1641.43
 Suppose you want to see
Morgan 1387.77 Morgan 1387.77
data in descending order of
Parent 3102.3 Sorvino 1283.61
Total Sales, then you can
Smith 1641.43 Thompson 1203.11
sort the data.
Sorvino 1283.61 Howard 536.75
Thompson 1203.11 Andrews 438.37
Grand Total 19627.88 Grand Total 19627.88
70
 What is Slicer?

 Slicer is Filtering Tool.

 Slicers in Excel can quickly and easily filter pivot tables. However, using the
Report Filter we previously studied gives the exact same result.

 We can use Slicer for one dimensional / two dimensional Pivot Table.

 you can use a single Report Filter, connected to a slicer, to update multiple
pivot Tables.

71
Steps in Slicer Creation
1. Select a cell in the pivot table
2. On the Ribbon's Insert tab, click Slicer. (or In Analyze tab)
3. In the list of pivot table fields, add check marks for the slicer(s) you want to create.

4. Move and resize the slicers, if necessary, so they fit on the empty areas of the
worksheet
5. Click on an item in a Slicer, to filter the pivot table. Other Slicers will show related
items at the top.
72
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Create Slicer

73
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Slicer – Jardine is Selected

74
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Slicer - Andrews, Gill, Jardine is Selected.

75
 Refer Excel File: SalesOrders

Slicer – Blinder is Selected

76
EXAMPLE – VISITORS TO CAR DEALERSHIP

7
77
 date state dmaCode make model bodyStyle visitors revenue
January 1, 2017 PA 504 Honda Accord SEDAN 7 98
January 1, 2017 PA 504 Toyota RAV4 SUV 3 20
January 1, 2017 OH 536 Saturn Ion SEDAN 1 10
January 1, 2017 NC 545 Volkswagen Jetta SEDAN 1 16
January 1, 2017 NC 567 Dodge Charger SEDAN 1 10
January 1, 2017 IL 602 Ford Taurus SEDAN 4 43
January 1, 2017 TX 641 Mitsubishi Eclipse COUPE 1 10
Online Website January 1, 2017 UT 770 Mazda Mazda3 HATCHBACK 1 10
to Bring January 1, 2017 CA 803 Mercedes-Benz E SEDAN 3 72
January 1, 2017 CA 803 Mini Cooper CONVERTIBLE 2 18
Visitors to Car January 1, 2017 NC 517 Honda Civic COUPE 2 31
Dealership January 1, 2017
January 1, 2017
FL
KS
539
616
Dodge
Kia
Dakota
Sedona
PICKUP
MINIVAN
2
1
20
16
January 1, 2017 AR 693 Chrysler Sebring CONVERTIBLE 1 4
January 1, 2017 CA 862 Ford Ranger PICKUP 1 9
Refer Dataset January 1, 2017 NC 545 Jeep Wrangler SUV 4 9
January 1, 2017 NY 549 Nissan Sentra SEDAN 1 4
CarSale.xlsx January 1, 2017 NC 560 Jeep Liberty SUV 1 16
January 1, 2017 TX 623 Ford Ranger PICKUP 2 9
January 1, 2017 AZ 753 GMC Yukon SUV 2 4
January 1, 2017 AZ 753 Lexus RX SUV 2 45
January 1, 2017 CA 803 Honda Pilot SUV 5 138
January 1, 2017 MD 511 Ford Escape SUV 2 13
78
 Business Problem

 Each record or row of data consist of Date, Location, Car Type (make,
model, body Style) and revenue.
 There are 102898 records. So It is not easy to understand dataset without
summarizing it.
 Business Question we want to investigate is What kind of cars we should
focus on in next 6 months?

79
 How to Solve?
 In our dataset, Car type (make, model, body style) and state is qualitative type
attributes, whereas Revenue & number of visitors (facts) are quantitative.
 The dmacode, date can’t be considered as quantitative because arithmetic
operations on them will be meaning less.
 Important attribute is make and important fact is revenue . So create PivotTable
with make in row and revenue in Σ values. Lets sort from largest to smallest for
revenue.
 Lets add visitors to Σvalues, sort from largest to smallest for visitors.
(Purpose of sorting largest to smallest so we can get important make with respect
to revenue & visitors)
80
Make, Revenue and Visitors
Values
make Sum of revenue Sum of visitors
Chevrolet 530924 331927
Ford 579861 316607
Jeep 221466 285765
Honda 416181 268159
Toyota 451873 223139
Nissan 309980 135365
GMC 87576 101047
Dodge 300277 75775
Lexus 91912 67385
Cadillac 101887 65972
BMW 167108 57674
Acura 85270 46139
Hyundai 124466 45510

Mercedes-Benz 104527 44879

Land Rover 24870 41829
Saturn 58444 36701
Chrysler 178763 34536 81
 But we can question that geography is also
an important attribute.
 Remove make and model from Rows. Add
state to Rows. Sort from largest to smallest.
But DMA code which is also depend on
State
 A Designated Market Area (DMA) is a group
of counties in the United States that are
covered by a specific group of television
stations. Each DMA has a 3 digit numeric
code. For example, New York, NY is also
known as 501. Los Angeles, CA, on the other
hand has been assigned the number 803.
 In State California CA , Codes are 771, 800
etc. But these codes cannot reveal anything.
So we will do data preparation.
82
 Data preparation – Format Table, Prepare Data
 Data does not come clean. It has missing values. It has non printable characters etc.
 We can have blank cell but table should not have blank row, for pivot table.
 We downloaded DMA code from website to get meaningful name to DMA code. We
found that we misinterpreted DMA code.
 Lets create table. Benefit of creating is mentioned below. We refere these table in
VLOOKUP(). In Excel sheet select ‘Format as table’. Excel may automatically select range
of table or you have to provide range. Go to design ribbon and give name to table in
Table name Ribbon.

Benefit of creating Table

 Table Ribbon Feature: we can name the table, refer table etc
 Modification Handled in Pivot Table: add a record, change field Pivot table will
automatically updated. 83
 VLOOKUP()
Syntax
=VLOOKUP (value, table, col_index, [range_lookup])
Arguments
value - The value to look for in the first column of a table.
table - The table from which to retrieve a value.
col_index - The column in the table from which to retrieve a value.
range_lookup - [optional] TRUE = approximate match (default).
FALSE = exact match.
 dmaCode is integer and it is useless, we need to replace value of dmaCode
with the values of DMACode by Name in dmadata
84
 VLOOKUP() and #N/A errors
If you use VLOOKUP you will inevitably run into the #N/A error. The #N/A error
just means "not found". In practice, there are many reasons why you might
see this error. Among the most common:

 The lookup value does not exist in the table

 The lookup value is misspelled, or contains extra space
 Match mode is exact, but should be approximate
 The table range is not entered correctly
 You are copying VLOOKUP, but the table reference is not locked.

85
 VLOOKUP()

=VLOOKUP([@dmaCode],Table3,2,FALSE)
Gives N/A

=VLOOKUP(TEXT([@dmaCode],"000"),Table3,2,FALSE)

 Use VLOOKUP to populate the DMA Name in Websitedata sheet.

 There are other data preparation methods which we will practice in next
chapter.

86
 DMA Name is name of dmaCode
date state dmaCode DMA Name make model bodyStyle visitors revenue

January 1, 2017 PA 504 PHILADELPHIA Honda Accord SEDAN 7 98

January 1, 2017 PA 504 PHILADELPHIA Toyota RAV4 SUV 3 20
January 1, 2017 OH 536 YOUNGSTOWN Saturn Ion SEDAN 1 10
GREENVILLE-N.BERN-
January 1, 2017 NC 545 WASHNGTN Volkswagen Jetta SEDAN 1 16
GREENVLL-SPART-
January 1, 2017 NC 567 ASHEVLL-AND Dodge Charger SEDAN 1 10
January 1, 2017 IL 602 CHICAGO Ford Taurus SEDAN 4 43
January 1, 2017 TX 641 SAN ANTONIO Mitsubishi Eclipse COUPE 1 10
January 1, 2017 UT 770 SALT LAKE CITY Mazda Mazda3 HATCHBACK 1 10
January 1, 2017 CA 803 LOS ANGELES Mercedes-Benz E SEDAN 3 72
January 1, 2017 CA 803 LOS ANGELES Mini Cooper CONVERTIBLE 2 18
January 1, 2017 NC 517 CHARLOTTE Honda Civic COUPE 2 31
TAMPA-ST. PETE
January 1, 2017 FL 539 (SARASOTA) Dodge Dakota PICKUP 2 20
87
 What kind of Cars, we should focus on in
next 6 months?
 Lets put car make to rows,
Sum of revenue Column Labels
body style to column, and Make SUV PICKUP SEDAN COUPE CONVERTIBLE MINIVAN VAN HATCHBACK
Ford 183335 168842 109969 50958 22835 16355 10674 8317
sort Chevrolet 185763 96683 133427 62827 5050 12765 11101 9272
Toyota 104935 61292 178689 7795 8062 32656 45889
 This pivot is also good as Honda
Nissan
87390 6881 179526 74105
83729 23394 161183 17199
2310 49150
3581 9999
14452
7397
SEDAN and SUV are having Dodge
Jeep
41575 74449 94962 15055
221382 84
327 44161 1260 18

good revenue. Top 3 body Chrysler

BMW
21339
31197
62266 5593
94854 14908
24679 40614
23937 46
style, top 10 make most of Volkswagen 6936 65431 21418 3099 35101
Hyundai 27060 76932 10010 999 8564
revenue. Mazda 17745 2123 47923 8222 11526 10382 7637
Pontiac 4216 60436 21359 8081 3175 491
 Let drop body style to Mercedes-Benz
Cadillac
22338
33072
55318 9593
65689 1909
15852
1022
194

Report filter. It will form Lexus

GMC
37239
63693 21975
51119 328 3120
637 813
82

Filter drop down at upper Kia

Acura
28511
26633
36970 313
47037 9430 14
11370 1813
1818
corner 88
 bodyStyle SUV
Filter Make Sum of revenue
bodyStyle (All) Jeep 221382
Chevrolet 185763
Make Sum of revenue Ford 183335
Ford 579861 Toyota 104935
Chevrolet 530924 Honda 87390
Toyota 451873 Nissan 83729
Honda 416181 GMC 63693
Nissan 309980 Dodge 41575
Dodge 300277 Lexus 37239
Jeep 221466 Cadillac 33072
Chrysler 178763 BMW 31197
BMW 167108 Kia 28511
Volkswagen 138126 Hyundai 27060
Hyundai 124466 Acura 26633
Mazda 107533 Saturn 24954
Pontiac 106450 Land Rover 24870
Mercedes-Benz 104527 Mercedes-Benz 22338
Cadillac 101887 Chrysler 21339
Lexus 91912 Lincoln 20019
89
bodyStyle (Multiple Items)

Make Sum of revenue

Ford 462146
Chevrolet 415873
Toyota 344916 Report filter –
Honda 273797 Group of body style SUV, SEDAN, PICKUP
Nissan 268306
Jeep 221466
Dodge 210986
BMW 126051
Hyundai 103992
Cadillac 98761
Lexus 88358
GMC 85668
Chrysler 83605
Mercedes-Benz 77656
Acura 73670
Volkswagen 72367
Mazda 67791
Kia 65481
Pontiac 64652 90
bodyStyle (All)

Sum of Column
revenue Labels
January 1, January 2, January 3, January 4, January 5, January 6, January 7,
Make 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017
Ford 371 552 348 531 307 411 582
Chevrolet 501 362 434 260 476 534 336 Make in Row.
Toyota 226 288 473 133 358 197 278 Revenue in Sum.
Honda 654 392 408 131 416 529 287 body style in Filter.
Nissan 172 313 371 321 333 306 222 Date in column
Dodge 220 217 164 302 285 129 120
(Remember the
Jeep 170 113 92 190 115 216 240
Business problem What
Chrysler 99 177 94 222 104 48 173
BMW 315 194 29 197 143 152 197 kind of Cars we should
Volkswagen 91 16 130 52 31 124 158 focus on in next 6
Hyundai 130 116 64 136 211 62 146 months)
Mazda 49 54 24 44 28 61 70 We can add model to
Pontiac 93 64 216 74 69 131 124 next level in row, So we
Mercedes- can drill make.
Benz 183 115 26 81 71 20 62 As we have large
Cadillac 121 36 114 106 54 57 89 number of column , it
Lexus 146 88 19 232 74 20 26 will not be helpful.
GMC 91 54 47 164 14 66 8 we must group date.
Kia 50 98 66 158 73 13 100
Acura 15 56 95 10 114 259 69
91
 Grouping/ Ungrouping
bodyStyle (All)
Sum of revenue Column Labels

 Drag Make, Model to ROWS Row Labels Jan

2017
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Grand Total

Ford
 Drag Revenue to σ 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝑈𝐸𝑆 Chevrolet
11808 69772 8742 13245 63150 31078 357781 13122 11163
9681 62935 10189 10901 61380 26549 329517 12234 7538
579861
530924
Toyota 9187 52255 8917 7131 47132 19096 282482 13490 12183 451873
 Drag year, Date to Column Honda 10182 44664 9274 7636 50722 17074 258189 12241 6199 416181
Nissan 7936 35353 7271 6116 35292 15101 192612 6568 3731 309980
 Drag bodyStyle to Filter Dodge 6987 37664 5727 6729 33895 21223 176993 5825 5234 300277
Jeep 5235 32995 2756 2867 27306 12308 128762 4235 5002 221466

 Select All (By default) Chrysler

BMW
4066 22795 2939 3839 23939 10602 105308 3353 1922 178763
3667 26149 3143 2892 17950 8628 99568 3874 1237 167108

 Sort GrandTotal Volkswagen

Hyundai
2190 17572 1906 2308 19091
2611 13548 2543 1990 15768
6771
5923
83671
73445
3727 890
5637 3001
138126
124466
Mazda 2045 14894 2062 1393 12908 3687 63490 5842 1212 107533
Pontiac 2506 11020 2180 1886 13768 4623 68385 2082 106450
Mercedes-
Benz 2462 14092 1211 720 11410 5055 68468 414 695 104527
Cadillac 2449 15996 1283 1906 9656 4862 63552 1820 363 101887
Lexus 2808 10146 1698 1289 8531 3756 57729 4545 1410 91912
GMC 1784 10180 1781 1985 9768 3957 53314 2750 2057 87576
92
 Lets revise the things, we put to analyze Dataset
 We put most important attributes of business question in row. In this case
its about car so put (make, model) in row.
 In value box we put Revenue as money matter most. But in place of
Revenue we can put Customers visited, if we want to know what customer
really wants
 In column box we put what we want to correlate with row box. We can put
location or time. We put time(date).
 Lastly we can make filter useful by collecting three body style. So put body
style in Report filter.

93
bodyStyle (All)

Sum of revenue Column Labels

Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Grand Total
Make Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Ford 90322 13245 63150 31078 357781 13122 11163 579861
Chevrolet 82805 10901 61380 26549 329517 12234 7538 530924
Toyota 70359 7131 47132 19096 282482 13490 12183 451873
Honda 64120 7636 50722 17074 258189 12241 6199 416181
Nissan 50560 6116 35292 15101 192612 6568 3731 309980
Dodge 50378 6729 33895 21223 176993 5825 5234 300277
Jeep 40986 2867 27306 12308 128762 4235 5002 221466
Chrysler 29800 3839 23939 10602 105308 3353 1922 178763
BMW 32959 2892 17950 8628 99568 3874 1237 167108
Volkswagen 21668 2308 19091 6771 83671 3727 890 138126
Hyundai 18702 1990 15768 5923 73445 5637 3001 124466
Mazda 19001 1393 12908 3687 63490 5842 1212 107533
Pontiac 15706 1886 13768 4623 68385 2082 106450
Mercedes-Benz 17765 720 11410 5055 68468 414 695 104527
Cadillac 19728 1906 9656 4862 63552 1820 363 101887
Lexus 14652 1289 8531 3756 57729 4545 1410 91912
94
GMC 13745 1985 9768 3957 53314 2750 2057 87576
bodyStyle (All)
bodyStyle (All)
Sum of revenue Column Labels
Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Grand Total Sum of revenue Column Labels
Make Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Grand Total
Make Jul Aug Sep
Ford 90322 107473 382066 579861
Ford 90322 107473 357781 13122 11163 579861
Chevrolet 82805 98830 349289 530924 Chevrolet 82805 98830 329517 12234 7538 530924
Toyota 70359 73359 308155 451873 Toyota 70359 73359 282482 13490 12183 451873
Honda 64120 75432 276629 416181 Honda 64120 75432 258189 12241 6199 416181
Nissan 50560 56509 202911 309980 Nissan 50560 56509 192612 6568 3731 309980
Dodge 50378 61847 188052 300277 Dodge 50378 61847 176993 5825 5234 300277
Jeep 40986 42481 128762 4235 5002 221466
Jeep 40986 42481 137999 221466
Chrysler 29800 38380 105308 3353 1922 178763
Chrysler 29800 38380 110583 178763 BMW 32959 29470 99568 3874 1237 167108
BMW 32959 29470 104679 167108 Volkswagen 21668 28170 83671 3727 890 138126
Volkswagen 21668 28170 88288 138126 Hyundai 18702 23681 73445 5637 3001 124466
Hyundai 18702 23681 82083 124466 Mazda 19001 17988 63490 5842 1212 107533
Mazda 19001 17988 70544 107533 Pontiac 15706 20277 68385 2082 106450
Mercedes-Benz 17765 17185 68468 414 695 104527
Alfa Romeo 30 30 Cadillac 19728 16424 63552 1820 363 101887
Rolls-Royce 20 20 Lexus 14652 13576 57729 4545 1410 91912
Fiat 12 2 14
Grand Total 804368 896864 3179573 4880805 Alfa Romeo 30 30
Rolls-Royce 20 20
Fiat 12 2 14
Grand Total 804368 896864 2979804 127760 72009 4880805
Thus in Quarter 3 Revenue was highest – 3179573.
For the month July revenue was 2979804. Top make were Ford, Chevrolet, Toyota. We can drill these to find top
models for these make. These cars should be focused for next six moths
We can also select top body style for which this data can be obtain. 95
 Grand
2017 Total
Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3
Row Labels  If we do not want Month
SEDAN 286083 354389 1163536 1804008 detail then from Group
SUV 233512 248760 946481 1428753 Drop Down List select
PICKUP 76173 78033 307305 461511
COUPE 66333 72952 218526 357811 Group Hide Details
MINIVAN 35929 42043 161829 239801  If we do not want
HATCHBACK 32721 32049 128908 193678
CONVERTIBLE 39927 30569 118882 189378 grouping Select Ungroup.
WAGON 25337 29916 113165 168418
VAN 5548 5351 16242 27141
UNKNOWN_BODYS
TYLE 1852 1891 2087 5830
CHASSIS 953 911 2612 4476
Grand Total 804368 896864 3179573 4880805

96
 Group by Quarter
bodyStyle (All)
 Go to month
Heading, right Sum of revenue Column Labels
2017 Grand Total
click, select Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3
Group, select Row Labels Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Quarter from Ford 11808 69772 8742 13245 63150 31078 357781 13122 11163 579861
drop down Chevrolet 9681 62935 10189 10901 61380 26549 329517 12234 7538 530924
list. Toyota 9187 52255 8917 7131 47132 19096 282482 13490 12183 451873
Honda 10182 44664 9274 7636 50722 17074 258189 12241 6199 416181
Nissan 7936 35353 7271 6116 35292 15101 192612 6568 3731 309980
Dodge 6987 37664 5727 6729 33895 21223 176993 5825 5234 300277
Jeep 5235 32995 2756 2867 27306 12308 128762 4235 5002 221466
Chrysler 4066 22795 2939 3839 23939 10602 105308 3353 1922 178763
BMW 3667 26149 3143 2892 17950 8628 99568 3874 1237 167108
Volkswagen 2190 17572 1906 2308 19091 6771 83671 3727 890 138126
Hyundai 2611 13548 2543 1990 15768 5923 73445 5637 3001 124466
Mazda 2045 14894 2062 1393 12908 3687 63490 5842 1212 107533
Pontiac 2506 11020 2180 1886 13768 4623 68385 2082 106450
Mercedes-Benz 2462 14092 1211 720 11410 5055 68468 414 695 104527

97
 Group by non Date fields  Suppose you want to group
VAN, MINIVAN, PiCKUP some records from
bodyStyle, Say VAN, PICKUP,
2017 MINIVAN
Row Labels Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Total
 Select VAN, PICKUP,
CHASSIS 953 911 2612 4476
MINIVAN (similar type)using
CONVERTIBLE 39927 30569 118882 189378 Ctrl.
COUPE 66333 72952 218526 357811
 Right click select Group from
HATCHBACK 32721 32049 128908 193678
drop Down Menu.
Group1 117650 125427 485376 728453
SEDAN 286083 354389 1163536 1804008  In ROWs we have bodyStyle,
SUV 233512 248760 946481 1428753 BodyStyle2.
UNKNOWN_BO  Rename bodyStyle2 as VAN-
DYSTYLE 1852 1891 2087 5830 MINIVAN-PICKUP
WAGON 25337 29916 113165 168418  This group is represented by
Grand Total 804368 896864 3179573 4880805 Group1.
 We can ungroup Similarly.
98
 Modify Output Values for Insights
Sum of visitors
DMA Name SUV SEDAN COUPE PICKUP MINIVAN CONVERTIBLE HATCHBACK WAGON VAN  Rows:
LOS ANGELES 118869 50632 17402 5634 782 2099 1293 803 274 DMAname
NEW YORK 124954 38241 6427 3393 1877 1706 1856 1076 531
CHICAGO 74253 20951 3009 1319 1324 1227 735 648 318  Values:
PHILADELPHIA 67412 14800 1934 1996 1578 1130 932 778 156
SAN FRANCISCO-OAK-SAN Sum of Visitors
JOSE 52127 16282 6219 897 2701 914 1816 1114 404
BOSTON (MANCHESTER) 59433 13493 2167 1240 619 648 621 984 114  Column:
DALLAS-FT. WORTH 53059 11260 3909 4329 388 645 594 348 63
ATLANTA 52819 12739 3002 1237 2468 836 431 369 95
bodyStyle
WASHINGTON, DC
(HAGRSTWN) 49338 11297 2990 956 612 715 563 417 69  Sort
DENVER 42839 7926 577 800 1108 261 268 386 55
HOUSTON 43868 5194 944 1981 384 404 307 428 37
SEATTLE-TACOMA 37216 10451 1815 793 260 392 419 514 69
TAMPA-ST. PETE (SARASOTA) 33173 7483 673 850 418 634 508 287 82
PHOENIX (PRESCOTT) 34613 5083 491 741 210 378 219 206 41
MIAMI-FT. LAUDERDALE 31830 6553 965 713 333 606 442 294 171
CLEVELAND-AKRON (CANTON) 33500 3144 652 1400 491 283 279 259 64
DETROIT 31444 3915 636 712 575 209 195 290 76
99
Sum of visitors Column Labels
CONVERTI
Row Labels SUV SEDAN COUPE PICKUP MINIVAN BLE HATCHBACK WAGON VAN
LOS ANGELES 4.66% 1.98% 0.68% 0.22% 0.03% 0.08% 0.05% 0.03% 0.01%
NEW YORK 4.90% 1.50% 0.25% 0.13% 0.07% 0.07% 0.07% 0.04% 0.02%
CHICAGO 2.91% 0.82% 0.12% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 0.03% 0.03% 0.01%
PHILADELPHIA 2.64% 0.58% 0.08% 0.08% 0.06% 0.04% 0.04% 0.03% 0.01%
 It is showing No. of visitors for
SAN FRANCISCO- DMA Names, bodyStyle.
OAK-SAN JOSE 2.04% 0.64% 0.24% 0.04% 0.11% 0.04% 0.07% 0.04% 0.02%
BOSTON  To modify output, so it will
show % of average no. of
(MANCHESTER) 2.33% 0.53% 0.08% 0.05% 0.02% 0.03% 0.02% 0.04% 0.00% visitor make following changes
DALLAS-FT. WORTH 2.08% 0.44% 0.15% 0.17% 0.02% 0.03% 0.02% 0.01% 0.00%
 From sum of Visitors, change
ATLANTA 2.07% 0.50% 0.12% 0.05% 0.10% 0.03% 0.02% 0.01% 0.00% to Average Visitors.
WASHINGTON, DC
(HAGRSTWN) 1.93% 0.44% 0.12% 0.04% 0.02% 0.03% 0.02% 0.02% 0.00%  From drop down List select
value Field Setting.
DENVER 1.68% 0.31% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0.01% 0.01% 0.02% 0.00%
HOUSTON 1.72% 0.20% 0.04% 0.08% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.02% 0.00%  From this box select Show
value as ‘ % of Grand Total’.
SEATTLE-TACOMA 1.46% 0.41% 0.07% 0.03% 0.01% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.00%
TAMPA-ST. PETE
(SARASOTA) 1.30% 0.29% 0.03% 0.03% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.00%
PHOENIX
(PRESCOTT) 1.36% 0.20% 0.02% 0.03% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00%
MIAMI-FT.
LAUDERDALE 1.25% 0.26% 0.04% 0.03% 0.01% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01%
CLEVELAND-AKRON
(CANTON) 1.31% 0.12% 0.03% 0.05% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 100
TUTORIAL

8
101
 Tutorial on Pivot Table Problem
 For this tutorial – use book by Hector Guerrero, “Excel Data Analysis -
Modeling and Simulation”, Springer-Verlog
 Students have to perform following steps
1. Read 5.3.2 PivotTable

102
103