Oral Communication

11 Quarter 1 – Module :
Communicative Strategies
Oral Communication – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Communicative Strategies
First Edition, 2020

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 G-11

Oral
Communication
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Communicative Strategies
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the (Oral Communication-Grade 11) Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on (Communicative Strategies) !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Oral Communication Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

(Communicative Strategies) !

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation or enumeration of a
topic.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to

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 process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Fundamentals of Public Speaking. This unit features the basics of
preparing and delivering a speech. From the drafting of your speech to its delivery,
you will be guided with various strategies that you can apply to successfully speak
in public. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into a lesson, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Principles of Speech Writing

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Employs various communicative strategies in different situations;
2. Reflect on your learning in different types of Communicative Strategies.

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 What I Know

Read the questions carefully and select the best answer. Write the letter of your
answer on the space provided.

__________1. It is constraining the response or reactions with in a set of categories.

a. Nomination
b. Restriction
c. Turn-taking
d. Topic Control

__________2. This is where you present a particular topic, clearly, tuhfully and
saying only what is relevant.

a. Nomination
b. Restriction
c. Turn-taking
d. Topic Control

_________3. It is keeping the interaction going by asking and eliciting a response.

a. Nomination
b. Topic Shifting
c. Turn-taking
d. Topic Control

_________4. It is introducing a new topic followed by the continuation of the

topic.
a. Nomination
b. Topic Shifting
c. Turn-taking
d. Topic Control

_________5. It refers to the conservation expressions that end a topic in a

conversation.
a. Termination
b. Repair
c. Topic Shifting
d. Topic Control

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Lesson
Types of Communicative
1 Strategies
This unit focuses on the various ways and situations in which people
communicate. It discusses the different types of Communicative Strategies and its
functions!

What’s In

People communicate every day to establish and maintain relationships, know and
understand them and find meaning in the daily grind. Moreover, since humans are
social beings who survive more effectively though sensible discourses, they are
always driven to learn the skills of creating and sustaining gainful co0nversations.
Successful communication requires understanding of the relationship between
words and sentences and the speech acts they represent. However, a conversation
may be complex at times; that is why some people get lost along the way and
understand each other. It is only when willingly cooperate and speak in socially
approved ways that we can make a conversation meaningful. (Philippe John
Sipacio, et.al)

Notes to the Teacher

This lesson will help the teacher to know what will be the
different strategies and approaches she will apply in order to
cater the needs of every learner for them to learn effectively.

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 What’s New

Types of Communicative Strategies

1. Nomination 5. Topic Shifting
2. Restriction 6. Repair
3. Turn-Taking 7. Termination
4. Topic Control

What is It

Types of Communicative Strategies

Since engaging in conversation is also bound by implicit rules, Cohen (1990)
states that strategies must be used to start and maintain a conversation.
Knowing and applying grammar appropriately is one of the most basic
strategies that people use when communicating.

1. Nomination
A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively
establish a topic. Basically, when employ this strategy; you try to open a
topic with the people you are talking to.
When beginning a topic in a conversation, especially if it does not
arise from a previous topic, you may start off with news inquiries and news
announcements as they promise extended talk. Most importantly, keep the
conversational environment open for opinions until the prior topic shuts
down easily and initiates a smooth end. This could efficiently signal the
beginning of a new topic in the conversation.

2. Restriction
Refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. When
communicating in the classroom, in a meeting, or while hanging out your
friends, you are typically given specific instructions that you must follow.
These instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.

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 For Example, in your class you might be asked by your teacher to
brainstorm on peer pressure or deliver a speech on digital natives. In these
cases, you cannot decide to talk about something else. On the other hand,
conversing with your friends during ordinary days can be far more casual
than these examples.

3. Turn Taking
Sometimes people are given unequal opportunities to talk because
others take much time during the conversation.
It pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversational floor. There is a code of behavior behind establishing and
sustaining a productive conversation, but the primary idea is to give all
communicators a chance to speak.
Remember to keep your words relevant and reasonably short enough
to express your views or feelings. Try to be polite even if you are trying to
take the floor from another speaker. Do not hold the conversation and talk
incessantly without letting the other party air out their own ideas. To
acknowledge others, you may employ visual signals like a nod, a look, or
step back and you called a company the signals with spoken you such as
“what do you think?” or “you were wanting to say something?”

4. Topic Control
It covers procedural formality or informality affect the development of
topic in conversation. For example, in meetings, you may only have a turn to
speak after the chairperson directs you to do so.
Remember that regardless of the formality of the context, topic control
is achieved cooperatively. This only means that when a topic is initiated, it
should be collectively develop by avoiding unnecessary interruption and
topic shift. You can make yourself actively involved in the conversation
without overly dominating it by using minimal responses like “yes,” “okay”,
“go,” “on” asking tag questions to clarify information briefly like “you are
excited”, aren’t you?”, “It was unexpected, wasn’t it?”, and even by laughing!

5. Topic Shifting
Topic shifting, as the name suggests, involves moving from one topic
to another. In other words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and
where another begins.
When shifting from one topic to another, you have to be very intuitive.
Make sure that the previous topic was nurtured to generate adequate views.
You may also use effective conversational transition to indicate a shift like
“by the way”, “In addition to what you said”, which reminds me of,” and the
like.

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6. Repair
It refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening,
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. For example, if
everybody in the conversation seems to talk at the same time, give way and
appreciate other’s initiative to set the conversation back to its topic.
Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any social interaction
(Schegloff et.al, 1977). If there is a problem in understanding the
conversation speakers will always try to address and correct it.

7. Termination
It refers to the conversation participants’’ close initiating expressions
that end a topic in a conversation. Most of the time, the topic initiator takes
responsibility to signal the end of the discussion as well.
Although not all topics may have clean ends, try to signal the end of
the topic through concluding cues. You can do this by sharing what you
learned from the conversation aside from these, soliciting agreement from
the other participants usually complete the discussion of the topic
meaningfully.

What’s More

ACITVITY:

Activity 1.1 Understanding of Speech Styles, Contexts and Styles

Identify the type of Communicative Strategy in each statement.
_______________________________1. Do you have anything to say?
_______________________________2. Now, it’s your turn to ask questions.
_______________________________3. Best regards to your parents! See you around.
_______________________________4. “One of the essential lessons I gained from the
discussion is the importance of sports and wellness to a healthy lifestyle.”
_______________________________5.”Hey, how are you? I missed you!”

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 What I Have Learned
The types of Communicative Strategy are nomination, Restriction, Turn-
Taking, Topic Control, Topic Shifting, Repair, Termination. Nomination
carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic.
This is where you present a particular topic clearly, truthfully and saying
what is relevant; Restriction refers to any limitation you may have as a
speaker. It is also constraining the response or reaction within a set of
categories; Turn Taking pertains people are given unequal opportunities to
talk because others take much time during the conversation. It is
recognizing when and how to speak because it is one’s turn; Topic Control
covers procedural formality or informality affect the development of topic in
conversation. It is keeping the interaction going by asking and eliciting
response; Topic shifting involves moving from one topic to another. In other
words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another
begins; Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking,
listening, comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. It is
changing the form of the message that could not be understood. Lastly,
Termination refers to the conversation participants’’ close initiating
expressions that end a topic in a conversation. It is also using verbal and
non-verbal signals to end instructions.

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 What I Can Do

Let’s Reflect!
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing
the chart below.

I thought…..
What were your
thoughts or ideas
about the topic
before taking up a
lesson on types of
communication
strategy?

→
→
→

I learned that…..
What new or
additional ideas
you learn after
taking up this
lesson? How can
you apply that in
your lives?

→
→

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. It is changing the form of the message that could not be understood.
a. Repair
b. Termination
c. Topic Control
d. Topic Shifting

2. It is ending the conversation or interaction using verbal and nonverbal cues

a. Repair
b. Termination
c. Topic Control
d. Topic Shifting

3. The arrest move was a disaster waiting to happen. Do you agree? Where
does communicative strategy this example belongs?
a. Nomination
b. Restriction
c. Turn-taking
d. Topic control

4. May I have the floor, sir? The topic is under discussion? Where does
communicative strategy this example belongs?
a. Nomination
b. Restriction
c. Turn-taking
d. Topic control

5. When shifting one topic to another, you have to be very ___________________?

a. intuitive
b. energetic
c. cleared
d. idealistic

6.

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 Additional Activities

In an essay of 250 minimum words, discuss why your communicative strategies

change as there are adjustments in every speech context, speech style and speech
act. Discuss your language, duration of interaction, your relationship to your
listener, your roles and responsibilities as a speaker, your message and your
delivery and how these differ in the two varying instances and context.

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 Answer Key

Assessment What's More What I Know

1. A 1. Topic Control 1. B
2. B 2. Topic Control 2. A
3. B 3. Termination 3. D
4. C 4. Nomination 4. B
5. A 5. Nomination 5. A

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References

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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