Fferent Value of

An ecologist is interested in predicting the
size of the population as time goes on, and

asks these questions: Will it stabilize at a
limiting value? Will it change in a cyclical
fashion? Or will it exhibit random behavior?
Write a program to compute the first n terms
of this sequence starting with an initial
population p0, where 0 < p0 < 1. Use this
program to do the following. 1. Calculate 20
or 30 terms of the sequence for p0 = 1 2 and
for two values of k such that 1 < k < 3.
Graph each sequence. Do the sequences appear
to converge? Repeat for a different value of
p0 between 0 and 1. Does the limit depend on
the choice of p0? Does it depend on the
choice of k? 2. Calculate terms of the
sequence for a value of k between 3 and 3.4
and plot them. What do you notice about the
behavior of the terms? 3. Experiment with
values of k between 3.4 and 3.5. What
happens to the terms?
1 Problems Sections 11.4 and 11.5 1.1 (F)

True or False
(1) If an > 0 and lim n→∞ nan 6= 0,
thenPan is divergent.(2) If an > 0 andPan is
convergent, thenPln(1 + an) is
convergent.(3) If Pan is a convergent series
with positive terms,thenPsin(an) is also
convergent. (4) If Pan and Pbn are are both
convergent series with positive terms, then
Panbn is also convergent.(5) If Pan andPbn
are series with positive terms andPbn is
convergent. Prove that if lim n→∞ an bn =
c , c > 0 thenPan is also convergent.(6) If
an ≥ 0 andPan converges, thenPa2 n also
converges. (7) LetPan andPbn be with
positive terms where limn→∞(an bn ) = 0,
ifPbndiverges, then Pan diverges.(8) If P∞
n=1 an converges, thenP∞ n=1(|an|+ an)
converges. (9) IfP∞ n=1(|an|+ an)
converges, thenP∞ n=1 an converges. 1.2
Use any test to determine whether the series
is absolutely convergent, conditionally
convergent, or divergent.
(a) (F)
∞ X n=1
(−1)n+1
n2 n3 + 4
(b)
∞ X n=1
(−1)n+1ne−n
(c) (F)
∞ X 1 (−1)ncos(
π n
)
(d)
∞ X n=1
(
n lnn
)n
(e)
∞ X n=1
(−1)n nlnn
(f) 1− 2! 1·3
+ 3! 1·3·5 − 4! 1·3·5·7
+···+ (−1)nn! 1·3·5···(2n−1)
+···
Calculus (II) — 2020.3.12 Sections 11.4 and
11.5 1
1.3
For what values of p is each series
convergent?
(a)
∞ X n=1
(−1)n−1 np
(b)
∞ X n=1
(−1)n n + p
(c) (F)
∞ X n=1 (−1)n−1(lnn)p n
1.4
Test the series for convergence or
divergence.
(a)
∞ X n=1
(
n n + 1
)n2
(b)
∞ X n=1
1 n1+1/n
(c)
∞ X n=1
1 (lnnlnn)
(d)
∞ X n=1
( n √2−1)n
(e)
∞ X n=1
( n √2−1)
1.5
Show that the series is convergent. How many
terms of the series do we need to add in
order to find the sum to the indicated
accuracy? 1. (F)P∞ n−1 (−1)n+1 n6 (|error|
< 0.00005) 2. P∞ n−1 (−1)n n5n (|error| <
0.0001) 1.6 (F) Find the sum of the series
1 +
1 2
+
1 3
+
1 4
+
1 6
+
1 8
+
1 9
+
1 12
+···
where the terms are the reciprocals of the
positive integers whose only prime factors
are 2s and 3s.
11.5 2
1.7 (F) If a0 + a1 + a2 +···+ ak = 0, show
that lim n→∞ (a0√n + a1√n + 1 + a2√n +
2 +···+ ak√n + k) If you don’t see how to
prove this, try the problem-solving strategy
of using analogy (see page75). Try the
special cases k=1 and k=2 first. If you can
see how to prove the assertion for these
cases, then you will probably see how to
prove it in general.
2 Problems Plus
2.1
Use the following steps to show that
∞ X n=1
(−1)n−1 n
= ln2
Let hn and sn be the partial sums of
harmonic and alternating harmonic series.
(a) Show that s2n = h2n −hn. (b) From the
fact that the sequence
tn = 1 +
1 2
+
1 3
+···+
1 n −lnn
has a limit, (The value of the limit is
denoted by and is called Euler’s constant.)
we have hn −lnn → γ asn →∞ and therefore
h2n −ln(2n) → γ asn →∞ Use these facts
together with part (a) to show that s2nln2
as n →∞.
2.2
Suppose you have a large supply of books,
all the same size, and you stack them at the
edge of a table, with each book extending
farther beyond the edge of the table than
the one beneath it. Show that it is possible
to do this so that the top book extends
entirely beyond the table. In fact, show
that the top book can extend any distance at
all beyond the edge of the table if the
stack is high enough. Use the following
method of stacking: The top book extends
half its length beyond the second book. The
second book extends a quarter of its length
beyond the third. The third extends one-
sixth of its length beyond the fourth, and
so on. (Try it yourself with a deck of
cards.) Consider centers of mass.
11.5 3
2.3
Suppose that circles of equal diameter are
packed tightly in n rows inside an
equilateral triangle. (The figure illustrates
the case n=4.) If A is the area of the
triangle and An is the total area occupied
by the n rows of circles, show that

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An ecologist is interested in predicting the

size of the population as time goes on, and

1 Problems Sections 11.4 and 11.5 1.1 (F)

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