Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q.

BSEE 201A

ACTIVITY 2.A
SECTION 2 OF RA7832
ILLEGAL USE OF ELECTRICITY

Tamper, install or use a

tampered electrical meter, jumper,
current reversing transformer,
shorting or shunting wire, loop
connection or any other device
which interferes with the proper or
accurate registry or metering of
electric current.

Damage or destroy an electric

meter, equipment, wire or conduit or
allow any of them to be so damaged or
destroyed as to interfere with the
proper or accurate metering of electric
current
ACTIVITY

2.A
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A
SECTION 2 OF RA7832
ILLEGAL USE OF ELECTRICITY

Tap, make or cause to be made

any connection with overhead lines,
service drops, or other electric
service wires, without previous
authority or consent of the private
electric utility or rural electric
cooperative concerned.

Tap, make or cause to be made

any connection to the existing
electric service facilities of any duly
registered consumer without the
latter's or the electric utility's
consent or authority

ACTIVITY 2.A
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A
SECTION 3 OF RA7832
THEFT OF ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION LINES AND MATERIALS

Cut, saw, slice, separate,

split, severe, smelt, or
remove any electric power
transmission line/material

Take, carry away or

remove or transfer, with or
without the use of a motor
vehicle or other means of
conveyance, any electric
power transmission
line/material.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACTIVITY 2.A
SECTION 3 OF RA7832
THEFT OF ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION LINES AND MATERIALS

Store, posses or otherwise

keep in his premises, custody or
control, any electric power
transmission line/ material.

Load, carry, ship or move from one

place to another, whether by land, air or
sea, any electric power transmission
line/material
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACTIVITY 2.A
Look for the pictures of 20 transmission line materials and label it together with its respective use.

Transformer- A transformer is a passive electrical device that

transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to
another, or multiple circuits. A varying current in any one coil
of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the
transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive
force across any other coils wound around the same core. 

Overhead conductor- is an object or type of material that

allows the flow of charge (electrical current) in one or more
directions. Materials made of metal are common electrical
conductors.

Disconnect switch - A disconnect switch is a switch which has

the capability to interrupt power to an electrical circuit or to a
group of electrical circuits. Disconnect switches are used in a
wide variety of settings, and are primarily employed as safety
devices which de-energize circuits so that people can work on
them safely. 
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACTIVITY 2.A
Look for the pictures of 20 transmission line materials and label it together with its respective use.

Ground wire- a wire that has an electrical connection to the

earth, either directly or through another grounded conductor.

Stirrup clamp- designed for live line connection of services.  a

loop, ring, or other contrivance of metal, wood, leather, etc., to
support a structure mainly electrical.

Utility pole- A utility pole is a column or post used to support

overhead power lines and various other public utilities, such as
electrical cable, fiber optic cable, and related equipment such
as transformers and street lights. 
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACTIVITY 2.A
Look for the pictures of 20 transmission line materials and label it together with its respective use.

Shakle insulator- is usually used in low voltage distribution

network. It can be used in both the horizontal or vertical
positions. 

Fuse cut out- is a combination of a fuse and a switch, used in

primary overhead feeder lines and taps to protect distribution
transformers from current surges and overloads.

Suspension clamp- Suspension clamps are used to hang

conductors or ground wires to insulators or link fittings to
tower arms and substation structures. Suspension clamps are
made of Aluminum Alloy or Malleable Iron materials with
various types. Custom size and requirements are available
upon request.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACTIVITY 2.A
Look for the pictures of 20 transmission line materials and label it together with its respective use.

Guy strain insulator- is intended for use with down guys or

pole-to-pole guys on overhead lines. The insulative fiberglass
rod electrically isolates the guy strand and provides electrical
clearance for maintenance crews and the public during normal
operation.

Pin insulator-  is a device that isolates a wire from a physical

support such as a pin on a telegraph or utility pole. It is a
formed, single layer shape that is made out of a non-
conducting material, usually porcelain or glass. 

Lightning arrester- is a device used on electric power systems

and telecommunication systems to protect the insulation and
conductors of the system from the damaging effects
of lightning. The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage
terminal and a ground terminal.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACTIVITY 2.A
Look for the pictures of 20 transmission line materials and label it together with its respective use.

Hot clamp- are used to maintain the integrity of a connection

and in the meantime allow to replace the corroded or damaged
studs.

Vibration damper- Much like an automotive shock absorber

dampens out road shock oscillations in a sprung suspension,
vibration dampers block the transfer of mechanical energy into
floors and through walls by converting it into another form of
energy, namely, heat. 

Strain insulator- These are used for electrical wiring in

transmission lines to support transmission lines and radio
antennas. these are designed for horizontal mounting so the
shape of flanges that are used for shed water & strain
insulators used for vertical mounting is bell-shaped.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACTIVITY 2.A
Look for the pictures of 20 transmission line materials and label it together with its respective use.

Weatherhead- is a weatherproof service drop entry point

where overhead power or telephone wires enter a building, or
where wires transition between overhead and underground
cables. At a building the wires enter a conduit, a protective
metal pipe, and the weatherhead is a waterproof cap on the
end of the conduit that allows the wires to enter without
letting in water. 

Guy wire- is a tensioned cable designed to add stability to a

free-standing structure. They are used commonly in ship masts,
radio masts, wind turbines, utility poles, fire service extension
ladders used in church raises and tents. 

Bolts- is a form of threaded fastener with an external male

thread. Bolts are very closely related to screws
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACTIVITY 2.A
Look for the pictures of 20 transmission line materials and label it together with its respective use.

Space damper- combines the function of a spacer in

maintaining conductor separation and controlling oscillation
and the function of a damper in controlling aeolian
vibration. It frequently provides the most economical
approach to protecting multi-conductor bundle systems and
is an AFL engineered product. 

Electrical crossarm- is also named power pole cross arms,

utility pole cross arms, telephone pole cross arms, light pole
cross arms or crossarms for short. In different application
setups, there are different configurations for the electrical
cross arm. For instance, power pole cross arms are
connected with the insulator by insulator pin, and the
insulator connects with the wire to realize the power
delivery. Light pole cross arms are used on the light pole to
support the streetlight power.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A
ACTIVITY 2.A
Find news in the Philippines related RA7832. And share your thoughts after reading the news.

After reading this news last month, initially I felt bad about what will happen after this
incident. As we all know, in Section 10 of RA7832 there are rationalization of the
losses even if the community is not a part of the electricity theft. Imagine the
inconvenience that it will bring to the clients that are on a strict income. On the other
side of the coin, I also felt disappointed with this kind of lifestyle, this may be a result
of pure selfishness but I know mainly that it is more of a result of poverty. Those are
the factors that really brought out people to commit something like this. All in all, the
last thing that I can say is that there is no easy way or life to work; these criminals
always aim for the easy life like not paying taxes, avoiding bills, and stealing from
others; plus a corrupt government. This is why PH is a Third World Country.

ACTIVITY 2.A
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A
Copy the picture below “single pole transmission line”. Draw it in an A4 size paper and put labels. And
determine the function of each labels indicated in the said picture.

Note: The functions are given in ACT. 2A Item no. 2

Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2B: RESPONSIBILITIES

.
The Department of Energy (Filipino :
Kagawaran ng Enerhiya, abbreviated as
DOE) is the executive department of the
Philippine government responsible for preparing,
integrating, manipulating, organizing,
coordinating, supervising and controlling all plans,
programs, projects and activities of the
Government relative to energy exploration,
development, utilization, distribution and
conservation

Ensure energy security

1. Accelerate the exploration and development of oil, gas and coal resources
2. Intensify development and utilization of renewable and environment-friendly alternative
energy resources and technologies
3. Enhance energy efficiency and conservation
4. Secure vital energy infrastructure and facilities

Pursue effective implementation of energy sector reforms

5. Monitor the implementation of, and if necessary, recommend amendments to, existing
energy laws
6. Promote an efficient, competitive, transparent and reliable energy sector
7. Advocate the passage of new and necessary laws

Implement social mobilization and cross-sector monitoring mechanisms

8. Expand reach through information, education and communication

9. Establish cross-sector monitoring mechanism in cooperation with other national
government agencies, academe, local government units, non-government organizations and
other local and international organizations
10. Promote good governance
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2B: RESPONSIBILITIES

The National Power Corporation (Filipino:

Pambansang Korporasyon sa Elektrisidad,
also known as Napocor, NPC or National
Power), is a Philippine government-owned
and controlled corporation that is
mandated to provide electricity to all rural
areas of the Philippines by 2025 (known as
"missionary electrification"), to manage
water resources for power generation, and
to optimize the use of other power
generating assets.

MAIN RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Provide reliable power generation.
2. Provide reliable power systems.
3. Ensure Electrification of Missionary Areas while Encouraging Private
Sector Participation.
4. Manage Watershed and Dam Operations to support power
Generation.
5. Contribute to Sustainable Hydroelectric Enegy Operations
6. Adopt innovative Power Technologies.
7. Contribute to Sustainable Geothermal Energy Operations.
8. Manage Efficient Operation of Assets in the Main Grid thru Agus-
Pulangi Plants.
9. Exercise Fiscal Prudence to Optimize Use of Resources
10. Provide Operational EXCELLENCE and GOOD GOVERNANCE.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2B: RESPONSIBILITIES

The National Electrification

Administration (Filipino: Pambansang
Pangasiwaan ng Elektrisidad abbreviated
as NEA), is a Philippine Government-
Owned and Controlled Corporation (GOCC)
attached to the Department of Energy
tasked in the full implementation of the
Rural Electrification program (REP) of the
Philippine government and reinforce the
technical capability and financial viability of
the 121 rural Electric Cooperatives (ECs).

MAIN RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Promote the sustainable development in the rural areas through rural
electrification.
2. Provide a concise plan on electrification of any community in the Philippines.
3. Empower and strengthen the National Electrification Administration
4. To pursue the electrification program and bring electricity, through the electric
cooperatives as its implementing arm;
5. To the countryside even in missionary or economically unviable areas.
6. Empower and enable electric cooperatives to cope with the changes brought
about by the restructuring of the electric power industry.
7. Financing the construction and operation of generating plants, electric
transmission and distribution lines or systems for the furnishing of electric
energy, particularly in remote areas.
8. Power to grant "electric system" franchises from the Municipal, City and
Provincial Governments in favor of the NEA.
9. To empower and enable Electric Cooperatives (ECs) to cope with the changes
brought about by the EPIRA law.
10.To improve the power industry and expand the NEA's mandate to cover other
electricity distribution utilities like private investors owned utilities and private
distribution utilities.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2B: RESPONSIBILITIES

Republic of the P hilippines ENERGY
REGULATORY COMMISSION. A world class
and independent electric power industry
regulator that equitably promotes and
protects the interests of consumers and
other stakeholders, to enable the delivery
of long-term benefits that contribute to
sustained economic growth and an
improved quality of life.

MAIN RESPONSIBILITIES
1. To promulgate/approve rules, regulations, guidelines and policies.

2 To enforce rules, regulations including issuance of permits and licenses.

3. To resolve cases (rates and other cases) and disputes.

4. To promote consumer interest.

5. To become a dynamic organization of professional people with the highest degree of

technical competence and integrity.

6. The ERC deals with all stakeholders with honesty and fairness

7. The ERC provides the basis for its actions with clear and accurate information. It affirms that it
is responsible for those actions and answerable for their consequences.

8. The ERC personnel possess the utmost degree of competence, skills and training, and
manifest the highest standards of behavior in the execution of their functions.

9. The ERC family fosters collaboration and open communication within the organization by
combining and sharing its resources and skills and treating each member with respect, while
maintaining individual accountability.

10. The ERC personnel professes love for country with supreme dedication and willingness
to exceed what is merely standard and acceptable when serving the public.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2B: RESPONSIBILITIES

PSALM is a quality oriented government

institution commited to producing
strategies to lower power expenses rate
and provide a stable workforce to
accommodate a compeititive and stable
electrical industry with transparency and
good will for from the Filipinos, for the
Filipinos.

MAIN RESPONSIBILITIES
1. PSALM undertakes a range of activities preparatory to the bid proper, including
drafting information memoranda and transaction documents to be distributed
to prospective bidders.
2. PSALM also conducts due diligence on its assets to determine their readiness
for privatization.
3. Structure the sale, privatization or disposition of NPC assets and IPP contracts
and/or their energy output based on such terms and conditions that will
optimize the value and sale prices of these assets;
4. Liquidate NPC's stranded contract costs using proceeds from sales and other
properties, including proceeds from the Universal Charge;
5. Restructure existing loans of NPC; and
6. Collect, administer and apply the NPC portion of the Universal Charge.
7. Restructuring of the entire power industry to introduce competition in the
generation sector;
8. Change from government to private ownership through privatization; and
9. Introduction of a stable regulatory framework for the electricity sector.
10.To manage the orderly sale, disposition, and privatization of NPC generation
assets, real estate and other disposable assets, and IPP contracts with the
objective of liquidating all NPC financial obligations and stranded contract costs
in an optimal manner.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2C: VIDEO REACTION (NARRATIVE)

The video is a podcast, a 2 part podcast with

2 other people that talks about topics that
relates to national issues and problems of
the Filipino People. My initial impression as
the video started is that the podcast it is a
great exemplary move for them, that the
setup is adjusted to the new normal, all of
the hosts and even Mr. Juan Ponce Enrile is
following the required social parameters
and distancing.

They used other media alternatives such as zoom in order to communicate with Mr. Enrile. The
podcast started with Mr Enrile, talking about a certain politician and the politician's allegation towards
him, he started ranting informal words while on air and the other hosts made sure the mood of the
podcast are redirected for a smooth wave of topics. This is very unprofessional, although given that he
is an old veteran individual with respect and name known by the people, he must be a voice of
formality and class. They mainly talk about the junk food and how the tax idea of Sen. Gatchalian that
“junk foods” must be taxed. The podcast focuses on what is “junk food” on the perspective of all
Filipinos, what the wealthy class thinks “junk food “ is, and what the poor people think “junk food” is;
Mr. Enrile greatly Explained that increasing the tax of junk food will greatly affect the poor Filipino
people. Mr. Enrile excellently point out that what “junk food” for the wealthy people can be the only
“food” that the poor people rely to, increasing the tax of the food will solve one pandemic problem,
but will bring hunger to thousands of Filipino people. Mr. Enrile comprehensively delivered the cause
and effect that not only favors the capable but also the community that struggles for living.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2C: VIDEO REACTION (NARRATIVE)

In the statement that Mr. Enrile said, he really anticipated the mind of the stakeholders and
distributors. He sat in the perspective of a criminal mastermind
The (part and explained howwiththe Mr.
EPIRA law
2) podcast started Enrile
worked, the flow of distribution of electricity, and how the "patong" or that
hidden corruption
should can affect
cracking a joke EPIRA be called
the masses by getting a rationalization with resources EPERA they did not spend.
of its He sounded like he
because failure to provide lowis
blaming the distributor with the irresponsibility as he feltratetheofdisappointment towards thepeople.
electricity
electricity to the Filipino He
system in the Philippines and empathy to the Filipino People that overbears the percentage of losses.
explained that he expected it and that he is
This podcast provides very honest and correct opinions nottowards
shockedthethatEPIRA
it is aLaw,
scamthe real intent
of some sort
towards it and the effects of it failures to the community. It seems like EPIRA Law is not community
for the higher authorities to get money
favored project, it is a project for the authorities involve getting more money from the people. I agree
to the final suggestion of the podcast that instead of focusing in EPIRA law, they should just focus on
controlling the crime towards electricity and stop making the Filipino people pay subsidies on
worthless projects and laws.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2C: VIDEO REACTION (NARRATIVE)

The video started with our very own

Congressman. Crispin "Boying" Remulla, he
tackles about the generation of power
before EPIRA Law, he talks about the
ineffective promise of the EPIRA Law to
bring down electricity rates. Initially I
noticed that ERC came present in the court
unprepared for deep conversation about
the data when it comes to what the Filipino
people pay.

They did not manage to answer the questions accurately especially when asked about the foreign
generations and what outweighs the cost of the power generations. I was also shocked when the ERC
admitted that EPIRA law did not fulfill the low cost of electricity promise and that it made the cost way
more in the years of effectiveness of EPIRA Law. Moving forward to the Last forum questions from the
rep. secretary, MERALCO justifies that the mixture of power formula from resources such as coal,
natural gas, and etc. varies depending on the situation and that there are no overcharging. But the
jury did not believe the statement and proceeded with questioning the cost of using Natural Gases
and how is it that it is a more expensive power generator but it acts as the base load that powers the
entire Philippines and coal (a more cheap kind of power generator) is just a mid-merit; the worst is,
coal is only used when power consumption is not that high, specifically in the Midnight to dawn hours.
When asked about the explanation towards what seems to be a misuse of resources, MERALCO
passively avoid by suggesting submitting a comprehensive data to have a more clear and concise
answer. I did not like that, the overcharging is pretty obvious, and Meralco cannot escape it. I also did
not like the confidential agreement when it comes to operations that can potentially bring light to
what really is happening in the way they operate; why are we losing money? Why is there an increase
in the midst of pandemic wherein MERALCO should be implementing the EPIRA Law properly?
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2C: VIDEO REACTION (NARRATIVE)

The video tackles about how EPIRA

Law will help the Filipinos when it
comes to the cost of electric power
consumption

I liked how they present their opening video talking straight to the point and exactly
precise to what is stated in the EPIRA Law. They made me understand that EPIRA
"helps" the filipino people in numbers of ways other than what we mainly expect. Like
the unbundling of rates, a common working filipino are mostly focused on paying rather
than reading the long lines of payments in a bill; EPIRA takes care than by eliminating
and only giving the most important information about our rates; I liked that logic. They
explained that it was divided into subdivisions of organizations such as who distributes,
transmits, and charges the used electricity and how much we owe them. EPIRA stated
the "transaparency and practicality" of paying for your electrical bill. It also tackles
about the charges from the government and the main distributor which are shown on
your electric bill. All in all , it just promotes the EPIRA Law and the way of management
it provides and the advantages you can get; such as subsidies and the popular promise
of having a lessen electrical bill compared from before.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2C: VIDEO REACTION (NARRATIVE)

The video is a highlights portion of a

hearing or question and answer
portion of Congressman Wimpy
Fuentabella adressing the EPIRA Law
Issues.

Congressman Fuentabela is a role model when it comes to being a community leader.

The questions that came to him were very aggressive and straightforward. I am amazed
on how he tackles about the issues with a very neutral and fair approach. He decided to
discuss the positions responsible on EPIRA; how and who works for the branches and
distributors of electricity and why there is a problem. The most impactful thing that I
learned from watching the video is what he said “we cannot solve the problem by
playing the blaming game, we should prioritize on what to do in order for us to move
on” this made me realize what we have been doing for the past months about ranting
and blaming branches of government with lack of actions. I realized that there is more
to it than meets the eye; we cannot fully demand action for every action comes a
process of execution. So it is really hard for people first politicians like Congressman
Fuentabela to pinpoint the problem and where to start the change. All we can do is
prepare the concerns and let them handle the problem with formal and proper
manner. The government and the people should learn how to give and take. Blame the
Actions not the organization.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2C: VIDEO REACTION (NARRATIVE)

He is no scientist, mathematician, or expert said Congressman Marcoletta, but he

knows how to identify when there is injusticeThe andvideo
wrongis doings
a portionin theof system.
a hearing
I am
with Atty. Congressman Marcoletta
amazed on how he delivered facts without being entirely technical about the issue; as a
about the
student like me, we find it uncommon when watching currentlike
hearings situation of EPIRA a
this to encounter
person with only good intention and well versed Law andtopic.
in the howMost
the commonly,
pandemic ishearings
not
relatedand
tend to be more technical when it comes to speakers to the Electricity
heated Hike and
arguments, but the
Cong.
infectivity
Marcoletta chose a mild and straight to the topic manner, ogand
the ILifeline Services.
liked that. He pointed
out the confusion about how is it possible to have a tremendous amount of increase in
electricity rate payment when there is a pandemic? I mean it is pretty obvious that
because of the lockdown the economy are down and the prize of resources dropped
too including coal and oil which is one common source of electrical energy in our
country. He also talks about the Lifeline Service, how the practice is not implemented
properly and how LIFE in Lifeline is not the priority of the organizations. Of all the
videos I’ve watched about EPIRA Law, this one is by far the best and the exact to the
point when it comes to how empathy should be practiced even in professional fields.
Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT. 2D: TEST MY KNOWLEDGE

READ THE EPIRA LAW AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:
EPIRA is an abbreviation for? It is a Government agency created pursuant
to RA 7638?

Electric Power Industry Reform Act Department of Energy

Refers to any person or entity requiring the Refers to any person or entity authorized by
supply and delivery of electricity for its own the ERC to operate facility used in generation
use? of electricity.
End-User Generation Company

Refers to energy resources that doesn't have Refers to any person or entity authorized by
an upper limit on the total quantity to be the ERC to sell, broker, market or aggregate
used. electricity to end users.
Renewable Energy Resources Supplier

Give the four sectors of Electric Power TRANSCO board is composed of chairman
Industry. and how many members?
Generation, Transmission, Distribution and
Supply. Total of Six (6) Members

The member of the appointed by the EPIRA law was approved under whose
President of the Philippines shall serve for a President?
term of how many years?
Total of Six (6) years Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (GMA)

A small distribution company is one whose What year does EPIRA law approved?
peak demand is equal to or less than how
many Watts?
Ten megawatts (10MW) Year 2001

Refers to the electricity end users who have a Refers to the system of wires and associated facilities
belonging to a franchised distribution utility extending
choice of a supplier of electricity, as many be between the delivery points on the transmission and
determined by the ERC in accordance with this subtransmission system or generator connection and the
point of connection to premises of the end users.
Act.
Distribution System

Refers to a geographical area exclusively

assigned or granted to a distribution utility
for distribution of electricity.
Franchise Area
 Buenviaje, Mark Lawrence, Q. BSEE 201A

ACT.2E: WHAT IS IN MY ELECTRIC BILL?

Generation- this is the cost of actually producing

power, It’s a pass-through charge, meaning this
money does not go to Meralco, but to power
suppliers.

Transmission: another pass-through charge, this

goes to the National Grid Corporation of the
Philippines, which provides the transmission
service to deliver the power from the plants to
Meralco’s substations in Manila.

System Loss: inefficiencies in the power

distribution system mean that power is lost on
its way from the plant to your home, so Meralco
charges users for this kind of “technical” system
loss.)

Distribution - this is the money that goes to

Meralco — they are a distribution company,
after all.

Universal Charges: this covers missionary electrification

Subsidies: the following groups get discounts and environmental charges, and is remitted to the
Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management Corp.
from their Meralco bill, funded by the subsidy
(PSALM)
provided by all other consumers.

Government Tax:
FIT-ALL -The Feed-in-Tariff Allowance or FIT-ALL
is an additional tariff paid to producers of
Local franchise tax: cities levy this tax on
renewable energy. It’s only around 1.5% to 2% of
businesses enjoying a franchise, and Meralco
your total bill.
pays it to local government units. This is a pass-
through charge.

Value added tax (VAT): you pay VAT on the

generation, transmission, systems loss, and
distribution charges that Meralco charges you.