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Technological University of the Philippines

College of Industrial Technology
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Manila

Name: Baylosis, Karl Joencil Argonillo Subject code: ET1L

Course/Year/Section:_BET-DMT 2A Schedule: M-12:00-3:00PM/T-07:30-10:30
Date: OCT 11,2022
Professor: Prof. Nora, Teresita
Rating:

Laboratory Activity No. 1

Electrical Symbols, Configurations and Figures

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the laboratory activity, the students should be able to:

1. Identify the commonly used electrical symbols and configurations.

2. Develop skills in circuit tracing using the schematic symbols or diagrams.
3. Draw the different standard electrical symbols.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

The definitions of terms are peculiar to and essential to the use of electrical symbols and
configurations for the proper understanding of the electricity. This contains definitions intended to
apply whenever the terms are used throughout the course of electricity.

TECHNICAL TERMS:

1. Accessible- (as applied to wiring methods) capable of being removed or exposed without damaging
the building structure or finish or not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the of the
building
 2. Ampacity- the current in amperes a conductor can carry continuously under the condition of use
without exceeding its temperature rating
3. Bus- a conductor or group of conductors, in switchgear assemblies which serves as common
connection for two or more circuits.
4. Cable- either a stranded conductor with or without insulation and other covering (single conductor
cable), or a combination of conductors insulated from one another (multiple conductor cable).
5. Concealed- rendered inaccessible by the structure or finish of the building. Wires in concealed
raceways are considered concealed, even though they may become accessible by withdrawing
them.
6. Connector- a metal sleeve, usually copper that is slipped over and secured to the butted ends of
the conductors in making up a joint.
7. Cut- out box- an enclosure designed for surface mounting and having swinging doors or covers
secured directly to and telescoping with the walls of the box proper.
8. Demand factor- the ratio of the maximum demand of a system or part of a system, to the total
connected load of a system or the part of the system under consideration.
9. Disconnecting means- a device or group of devices, or other means by which the conductors of a
circuit can be disconnected from their source of supply.
10. Electrical metallic tubing- metal pipe in to which electric wires maybe drawn and which has a wall
thinner than that of a rigid conduit with an outside diameter sufficiently different from that of a rigid
conduit to render it impracticable for any one to thread it with standard pipe thread.
11. Equipment- a general term including material, fittings, devices, appliances, fixtures, apparatus and
the like used as a part of, or in connection with, an electrical installation.
12. Extension cord- an assembly of a flexible cord with an attachment plug on one end and a cord
connector on the other.
13. Feeder- all circuit conductors between the service equipment or the generator switchboard of an
isolated plant, and the final branch circuit over current device.
14. Fittings- an accessory such as a locknut, bushing, or other part of the wiring system that is intended
primarily to perform a mechanical rather than an electrical function.
15. Fixture – an integral, separate or self-contained unit which may contain one or more bulbs or
fluorescent tubes.
16. Flexible conduit – non – rigid metal conduit into which conductors maybe drawn.
17. Flexible tubing- non-metallic and non-rigid tubing, commonly known as loom, through which a
conductor maybe drawn.
18. Fuse – current rating – the current rating of a fuse is the designated RMS alternating or direct which
it will carry continuously under a stated condition.
19. Installation – an assemblage of electric equipment in a given location, designated for coordinated
operation, and, properly erected and wired.
20. Motor branch circuit – a branch circuit supplying energy only to one or more motors and associated
motor controllers.
21. Over current – any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of a
conductor. It may result from overload, short circuit or ground fault.

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Drawing Instruments
IV. PROCEDURE:

Draw the appropriate electrical symbols for each part on the space provided and give its
descriptions.

DESCRIPTION SCHEMATIC MEANING / USES

SYMBOLS

Lightning arresters help prevent

lightning damage to the apparatus
because of high voltages. The
lightning arrester provides a low-
LIGHTNING ARRESTER
impedance road all the way to the
ground for the lightning's current.
It then restores to a normal
operating condition.
Help carry unexpected electrical
charges from other sources away
safely. For example, lightning strikes
GROUND (EARTH) can energize components in houses.
The earth grounding system can
sometimes safely dissipate electricity
from lightning.
The service entrance, as the name
implies, is where the wires connected to
the load side of the meter enter the
SERVICE ENTRANCE
house or building. The service entrance
in a residence is commonly thought of
as a breaker or fuse box.
kWh meters are compact electronic
monitoring devices that measure the
consumed energy flowing through a
KILOWATT-HOUR METER
circuit such as a standard 120V or
240Vac line and act as a kWh
calculator.
A safety switch is a device that quickly
switches off the electricity supply if an
SAFETY POWER SWITCH electrical fault is detected, to minimise the
risk of electricity-related fires, electric
shock, injury and death.
 A circuit breaker is an electrical switch
designed to protect an electrical circuit
from damage caused by
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
overcurrent/overload or short circuit. Its
basic function is to interrupt current flow
after protective relays detect a fault.

In electronics and electrical

engineering, a fuse is an electrical
FUSE safety device that operates to
provide overcurrent protection of an
electrical circuit.
A fuse cutout or cut-out fuse is a combination
of a fuse and a switch, used in primary
FUSE CUT-OUT overhead feeder lines and taps to protect
distribution transformers from current surges
and overloads
A panelboard is a component of an electrical
distribution system which divides an
electrical power feed into branch circuits,
MAIN PANEL BOARDS while providing a protective circuit breaker or
fuse for each circuit, in a common enclosure.
A panelboard services to protect branch
circuits from overloads and short circuits.
In its simplest terms, an electrical control
panel is a combination of electrical devices
which use electrical power to control the
POWER PANEL BOARD various mechanical functions of industrial
equipment or machinery. An electrical
control panel includes two main categories:
panel structure and electrical components.
Lighting control panelboards are
specialized panelboards that include
both circuit breaker overcurrent
LIGHTING PANEL BOARD
protection and the ability to control
lighting and receptacle loads per
circuit, all in one compact panelboard.
 Incandescent lamp, any of various
devices that produce light by heating
a suitable material to a high
temperature. When any solid or gas
INCANDESCENT LAMP
is heated, commonly by combustion
OUTLET
or resistance to an electric current, it
gives off light of a colour (spectral
balance) characteristic of the
material.
A usually tubular electric lamp
having a coating of fluorescent
material on its inner surface and
FLUORESCENT LAMP containing mercury vapor whose
OUTLET bombardment by electrons from the
cathode provides ultraviolet light
which causes the material to emit
visible light..
Cover up unused or empty switch
plate locations with a blank cover. It is
much easier and quicker than having
OUTLET W/ BLANK COVER to patch up the wall, and it allows you
the option of being able to use the
electrical location in the future.

Consequently,
pictorial symbols
used in circuit
FAN OUTLET
diagrams and
schematics to
identify and depict
electrical and
electronic devices
 A duplex outlet provides space
for two electrical receptacles,
leaving you room to plug in two
devices. A duplex outlet is one
DUPLEX PLUG OUTLET of the most common outlets
found in homes and
businesses, and its design will
protect you from electrical
shock hazards.
The ACU (alternator control unit a.k.a.
voltage regulator) also controls the
A.C.U OUTLET “low voltage” light. The light goes on
if: a) the alternator output voltage S+ -
S- drops to low (insufficient. alternator
power output)

The weatherproof outlet is a particular

type of electrical outlet that is
designed for installation outside the
WEATHERPROOF home. Outlets of this kind are often
PLUG RECEPTACLE installed on the exterior of homes,
OUTLET garages, or storage buildings. Many
public and government buildings also
make use of an outdoor outlet for a
variety of purposes.
A range receptacle is a type of high
power electrical outlet installed
specifically for an electric range or
COOKING RANGE oven.
OUTLET

These kinds of outlets are specially

used in areas where the chance of
electrical shock is more such as
SPECIAL PURPOSE kitchen, bathroom, garage, etc. These
OUTLET are smart outlets and can be easily
identified by the presence of 'test' and
'reset' buttons present on the outlet
periphery..
 Antenna plugs and sockets are
devices that connect the TV set
to the TV antenna (aerial).

ANTENNA OUTLET

A single pole switch is used to control

the light in a small closet or bathroom.
It's called a single pole switch
SINGLE POLE SWITCH because there are two wires
connected or separated by the switch
mechanism. There's also a ground
wire to protect against electrical faults.

A duplex switch contains two switches on

one body. They come in single pole and
3-way. Two of the common terminals are
DUPLEX SWITCH (2
connected together with a removable
single pole switches on 1
metal tab. These terminals are usually
gang switch plate)
connected to line voltage and can be
black or bronze color depending on the
manufacturer.
Three-way switches are commonly used
to control one light fixture from two
TRIPLEX (3 single pole different locations. For example, a long
switches on 1 gang switch hallway or stairway might use a three-
plate) way switch at each end so that lights can
be turned on when approaching one end
of the hall or stairway, then shut off from
the other end
Double pole switches are connected to
two separate electric circuits. They
essentially contain 2 switches which are
DOUBLE POLE SWITCH linked together and can complete the
circuit either simultaneously or
staggered.
 A electric switch having three terminals
used to control a circuit from two different
THREE WAY SWITCH points.

An electric switch used in house wiring

so that a light may be turned on or off at
FOUR WAY SWITCH three or more places.

A junction box is an electrical enclosure

that houses one or more wiring
connections. The box protects the
JUNCTION BOX connections, which usually contain
vulnerable points such as wire splices,
from environmental conditions and
accidental contact.
A metal box with a blank cover that is
installed in an accessible place in a run
of conduit to facilitate the pulling in of
PULL BOX
wires or cables.

A home run is a wire that graphically

represents the wiring of a circuit to a
central location that acts as the
CIRCUIT HOMERUN distribution point for the power, typically,
a panel. You do not need to connect the
home run to the panel.

A Push Button switch is a type of switch

which consists of a simple electric
mechanism or air switch mechanism to
turn something on or off. Depending on
PUSH BUTTON SWITCH
model they could operate with momentary
or latching action function. The button
itself is usually constructed of a strong
durable material such as metal or plastic.
The buzzer symbol is a semi-circle shape.
To add a motor to the circuit, draw a circle
with the letter M in the middle. A
BUZZER
component called a resistor controls the
flow of electricity through the circuit.
 The electric bell is an electromechanical
device that is capable of producing a
continuous buzzing, clanging or ringing
BELL
sound when an electric current is supplied
to it.

A quantity permitting comparison of

illuminances in the image planes of
LIGHT AND POWER various optical systems.
(cross-lines indicate number
of wires)

Electric wiring which uses cleats, flexible

tubing, knobs, and tubes to protect and
support insulated conductors run on or in
a building; not concealed by the building
OPEN WIRING structure.

Undergrounding is the replacement of

overhead cables providing electrical
power or telecommunications, with
UNDERGROUND underground cables.

“Emergency,” as used herein, is defined

as an unexpected inadequate supply of
electric energy which may result from the
EMERGENCY unexpected outage or breakdown of
facilities for the generation, transmission
or distribution of electric power.
A fire alarm is a standalone device or a
complete network of devices, installed in
a building or an area, which gives audible
FIRE ALARM and/or visible warning of an outbreak of
fire in that building or area. A fire alarm
system could be automatic, semi-
automatic or manual.
 Railroad crossings, telephones, fire and
burglar alarms, school bells, doorbells,
and alarms in industrial plants are all
common places where electromechanical
bells are employed.
BELL SYSTEM

Closed-circuit television, also known as

video surveillance, is the use of video
cameras to transmit a signal to a
specific place, on a limited set of
CLOSE CIRCUIT TV monitors.

A battery is a device that converts

chemical energy contained within its
active materials directly into electric
energy by means of an electrochemical
oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.
BATTERY
This type of reaction involves the
transfer of electrons from one material
to another via an electric circuit.

Also referred to as a switch fuse or

switch fuse isolator, they cut off the
electricity supply to a given part of the
ISOLATING FUSE circuit to isolate it, with multiple fuses
within the same enclosure to make the
job of selecting the correct one as
simple as possible.
The incandescent lamp is widely used
in household and commercial lighting,
for portable lighting such as table
FILAMENT LAMP
lamps, car headlamps, and flashlights,
and for decorative and advertising
lighting.
 An AC generator is a machine that
converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy, generated as an
alternating current sinusoidal output
AC GENERATOR waveform.

A direct-current (DC) generator is a

rotating machine that supplies an
electrical output with unidirectional
voltage and current. The basic
DC GENERATOR
principles of operation are the same as
those for synchronous generators.

An AC motor is an electric motor driven

by an alternating current. The AC motor
commonly consists of two basic parts,
an outside stator having coils supplied
AC MOTOR with alternating current to produce a
rotating magnetic field, and an inside
rotor attached to the output shaft
producing a second rotating magnetic
field
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary
electrical motors that converts direct
current electrical energy into
DC MOTOR mechanical energy. The most common
types rely on the forces produced by
magnetic fields.

An AC motor can be defined as an

electric motor which is driven by an
alternating current (AC). A DC motor is
also a rotatory electric motor that
MOTOR-GENERATOR (AC-
converts Direct current (DC energy) into
DC)
mechanical energy. 2. Types. AC
motors are mainly of two types, which
are synchronous AC motors and
induction motors.
 An AC motor can be defined as an
electric motor which is driven by an
alternating current (AC). A DC motor is
also a rotatory electric motor that
MOTOR-GENERATOR (DC-
converts Direct current (DC energy) into
AC
mechanical energy. 2. Types. AC
motors are mainly of two types, which
are synchronous AC motors and
induction motors.
An ammeter is an instrument used to
measure the current in a circuit. Electric
currents are measured in amperes,
AMMETER
hence the name. The ammeter is
usually connected in series with the
circuit in which the current is to be
measured.
A voltmeter, also known as a voltage
meter, is an instrument used for
measuring the potential difference, or
voltage, between two points in an
VOLTMETER electrical or electronic circuit. Some
voltmeters are intended for use in direct
current (DC) circuits; others are
designed for alternating current (AC)
circuits.
An electricity meter, electric meter,
electrical meter, energy meter, or
kilowatt-hour meter is a device that
AC KILOWATTHOUR measures the amount of electric energy
METER consumed by a residence, a business,
or an electrically powered device.

The power factor meter measures the

power factor of a transmission system.
The power factor is the cosine of the
angle between the voltage and current.
POWER FACTOR METER The power factor meter determines the
types of load using on the line, and it
also calculates the losses occur on it.
 An instrument which measures the
working speed of an engine (especially
in a road vehicle), typically in
revolutions per minute.
TACHOMETER

An ohmmeter is an electrical instrument

that measures electrical resistance.
Multimeters also function as ohmmeters
when in resistance-measuring mode.
OHMMETER An ohmmeter applies current to the
circuit or component whose resistance
is to be measured.
V. CONCLUSION:

Electrical symbols are used to graphically represent basic electrical and electronic equipment
and parts. In circuit and electrical diagrams, a component is identified by one of these
symbols. It can also be referred to as a schematic symbol. It expedites the process of
resolving electrical circuits and offers important circuit-related insights. Symbols are used to
denote the various parts of equipment. A complete set of electrical diagrams for the ships are
provided by the shipbuilder. It's crucial that you learn how to read and understand these
diagrams in order to detect electrical problems with them.

VI. EVALUATION:

State the importance of electrical symbols for technicians like you?

Electrical symbols are used to simplify drafting and make the drawing easier to understand.
Electrical symbols are standardized within the sector. A line, dot, shading, word, or number
might be added to a sign to give it a special meaning. In order to develop the ability to
comprehend the drawings and their accompanying sign meanings, we must master the
basic shapes of many symbols. To create an electrical drawing, electrical symbols are
required, and we are unable to do it without their help. Electrical circuits are represented by
electrical drawings. Symbols and numerical patterns serve as representations for electrical
circuits.

Baylosis, Karl Joencil Argonillo

BET-DMT 2A