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Nitrogen Gass System

The document describes nitrogen gas and its properties, as well as its various industrial uses and production methods. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless gas that makes up 78% of air. It is commonly used as a modified atmosphere to preserve packaged foods, in light bulbs, to manufacture electronics and steel, and as an inert propellant. Major production methods include membrane separation, pressure swing adsorption using carbon molecular sieves, and cryogenic air separation using distillation columns.

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157 views29 pages

Nitrogen Gass System

The document describes nitrogen gas and its properties, as well as its various industrial uses and production methods. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless gas that makes up 78% of air. It is commonly used as a modified atmosphere to preserve packaged foods, in light bulbs, to manufacture electronics and steel, and as an inert propellant. Major production methods include membrane separation, pressure swing adsorption using carbon molecular sieves, and cryogenic air separation using distillation columns.

Uploaded by

shaiera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NITROGEN GAS

SYSTEM
NITROGEN

 Atomic Number: 7

 Atomic Weight: 14.0067

 Melting Point: 63.15 K (-210.00°C or -346.00°F)

 Boiling Point: 77.36 K (-195.79°C or -320.44°F)

 Density: 0.0012506 grams per cubic centimeter


 Phase at Room Temperature: Gas

 Colorless, tasteless and odorless

 78% of air component.

 Nitrogen liquid is cryogenic(very low


temperature)

 Non-reactive at room temperature


 As a modified atmosphere, pure or mixed with
carbon dioxide, to preserve the freshness of
packaged or bulk foods

 In ordinary incandescent light bulbs as an


inexpensive alternative to argon.

 The production of electronic parts such as


transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits

 Dried and pressurized, as a dielectric gas for


high-voltage equipment
 The manufacturing of stainless steel.

 Used in military aircraft fuel systems to reduce


fire hazard

 On top of liquid explosives as a safety measure

 Filling automotive and aircraft tires due to its


inertness

 Used as a propellant for draught wine, and as an


alternative to or together with carbon dioxide for
other beverages.
Applications of Nitrogen
Compounds
 To produce Ammonia – Haber Process
 fertalizer – ammonium nitrat

 potassium nitrate - used in gunpowder

 nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene, and


nitrocellulose - used as explosives and
propellants for modern firearms

 Nitric acid is used as an oxidizing agent in


liquid fueled rockets.
 Blanketing – covered flammable gas to avoid
explosion

 Purging – eliminate toxic gas such as


toxilena.

 Carrier – act as a carier gas in gas


chromatography
Nitrogen Production
1. Membrane Separation

 a non-cryogenic technology that uses hollow-


fiber polymer membranes to separate gaseous
nitrogen from air by selective permeability.

 a hollow-fiber membrane represents a cylindrical


cartridge.

 Gas flow is supplied under pressure into a


bundle of membrane fibers. Due to the
difference in partial pressures on the external
and internal membrane surface gas flow
separation is accomplished.
Advantages

 By substitution of out-of-date cryogenic or


adsorption systems nitrogen production savings
generally exceed 50%.

 The net cost of nitrogen produced by nitrogen


complexes is 20 to 30 times less than the cost of
cylinder or liquefied nitrogen.
Disadvantages

 limited capacity

 relativity low purity 99.95% (higher purity


applications are available at lower flow
rates ≤ 10L/min)
Pressure Swing Adsorption
The separation of nitrogen and oxygen from
air takes place in an adsorber vessel filled
with carbon molecular sieve. This is based
on the fact of faster kinetic diffusion of
oxygen molecules into the pore structure of
the carbon molecular sieve than for nitrogen
molecules.
 The PSA separation system is based on
the principle of reversible selective
adsorption of oxygen on carbon molecular
sieves (CMS).
 Oxygen is adsorbed from the CMS to a
faster rate than nitrogen for the combined
effect of polarity and molecular
dimensions.
 Compressed air, filtered and cooled to
remove excess moisture, is alternately
sent on two CMS beds, where O2, CO2
and steam are selectively adsorbed.
 When a bed is saturated with oxygen, air
flow is turned on the second bed, while
the first bed is regenerated by
depressurizing
Advantages

 Production cost using this method is less


compared to cryogenic method.
Disadvantage

 The PSA systems are convenient for on-


site productions lower than 2000 Nm3/h
of nitrogen

 purities ranging from 95 to 99.9%.


Cryogenic Air Separation
 Filtering and Compressing air
This is done by the multistage highly efficient air
compressor and the Process Skid present in
each plant. Condensed water is removed from
the air as it is compressed and then cooled.

Cooling
The compressed air is then cooled to close-to-
ambient temperature by passing through water-
cooled or air-cooled heat exchangers.


 Removing contaminants
The next step is removing the remaining water
vapor and carbon dioxide.

 Cooling to cryogenic temperature


Further heat transfer, in brazed aluminum heat
exchangers, cools the air to cryogenic
temperature (which is app -300 degrees
Fahrenheit or 185 degrees Celsius).
Distilling
Distillation columns separate the air into
desired products. This is basically done by a
special kind of Air Separation Unit which
commonly consists of upper & lower column
and special exchangers.

Warming gaseous products and waste


The cold gaseous products and waste
streams that emerge from the air separation
columns are routed back through the front
end heat exchangers.
Adsorption
tower

Moisture
separator

Compressor

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