CONTENTS

Introduction.................................................. 1
Classification of hospitals..............................3
Goals and objectives..................................... 4
Nature of project..........................................6
Local case study............................................10
Zoning and planning.....................................19
Site analysis.................................................28
Swot analysis...............................................34
External case study.....................................39

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 INTRODUCTION

An institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for sick or injured
people. A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized staff
and equipment. It is the institution providing medical & surgical treatment and nursing care for
any ill or injured people. It is an integral part of social and medical organization, the function of
which is to provide complete health care to the needy one, both curative and preventive. It is also
a center for providing training to health workers & center for biosocial research (WHO)

Hospital: A place for receiving medical or surgical care, usually as an inpatient (resident).
or
A hospital is an institution for providing health care treatment to the
Patients with specialized staff and equipment's.
What is the role of a hospital?
 Partnering with physicians helps the hospital ensure patients receive the necessary follow-up care
after an inpatient stay.

Classification of hospitals:-

 Hospitals. Types include: general, specialty, government and university or college

medical centers.
 Long Term Care facilities. Provide assistance and care for residents.

 1. According to the level of care:

 a. Secondary hospitals; District Hospital and some of Specific
 Hospitals.
 b. Tertiary hospitals; Central High Specialized Hospital,
 Educational Hospital and some of Specific Hospitals.
 2. According to the size of the hospital:
 a. Mini size hospital; <50 bed.
 b. Mid-size hospital; 50-250 beds.
 c. Big hospital; 250-500 bed.
 d. Huge hospital; >500 bed.
 3. According to the size of the medical specialists:
 a. Specialist hospital; pediatric hospital, eye hospital.. Etc.
 b. General hospital; all medical specialists are provided.
 4 According to the owners of the hospital:
 a. Private hospitals.
 b. Public hospitals; university hospitals, ete.

Elements and divisions of the hospital

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1. Administration division.
2. Outpatients’ division, includes;
• Outpatient clinics.
• Pharmacy.
• Emergency reception.
3. Diagnostic services division, includes;
• Laboratories.
• Radiology (diagnostic).
4. Therapeutic services division, includes;
• Physical Therapy.
• Radiology (therapeutic).
5. Internal medical treatment division, includes;
• Operation Theatres.
• Intensive Care unit.
• Maternity section.
• Central Sterilization Department.
6. Inpatient division, includes;
• Patient wards.
• Nurses wards.
• Inpatient services.
7. General Service division, includes;
 Kitchen.
 Laundry.
 Storages.
 Workshops.
 Mechanical services.
 Mortuary.
 Security.
 Parking.
 Landscaping.

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 Goals and Objective
The goals and objectives of Hospital Health Care are to:

 Improving design that easily used by many patients with temporary and permanent
handicaps.
 A good hospital design that integrates functional requirements with the human needs of
its varied users.
 To design long term sustainable hospital that make patients feel home.
 Providing right environment for patients and care providers.
 Should also be sensitive to the needs of visitors.
 Create a healing architecture.
 Provide high quality health care services in a cost-effective manner

Nature of the Project Hospital

Nature of the Project hospital ‘A hospital is a residential establishment which provides short-
term and long-term medical care consisting of observational, diagnostic, therapeutic and
rehabilitative services for persons suffering or suspected to be suffering from a disease or injury
and for parturient. It may or may not also provide services for Ambulatory patients on an out-
patient bases.

‘The hospital is an integral part of a social and medical organization, the function of which is to
provide for the population complete healthcare, both curative and preventive, and whose
outpatient services reach out to the family in its home environment; the hospital is also a center
for the training of health workers and for biosocial research’.

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 Challenges of the project

AESTHETICAL

TECHNICAL FUNCTIONAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

1. AESTHETICAL

Providing welcoming and attractive design to the patients

Careful thoughts must be put in the choice of materials and the facade of the building
Aesthetic take major role of healing patients
The layout of the landscape must put a pleasant and accessible design to the patients

2. FUNCTIONAL

Circulation and accessibility

Connection between zones
Flexibility
Zoning different function

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 3. TECHNICAL

Natural ventilation
Acoustic
Taking advantage of natural sunlight
Taking consideration of orientations

4. ENVIRONMENTAL

free from undue noise

View of the nature
Accommodation for families
Shall not be located adjacent to railroads, freight yards, children's playgrounds, airports,
industrial plants, disposal plants.

The following general requirements are to be obtained: Hospital design

I. Environment:

A hospital and other health facilities shall be so located that it is readily accessible to the
Community and reasonably free from undue noise, smoke,
Dust, foul odor, flood, and shall not be located adjacent to railroads, freight yards,
children's playgrounds, airports, industrial plants, disposal plants.

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V. Accessibility:
All areas, both inside and out should:
 § It should be designed so as to be easy to use by the many patients with
 Temporary and permanent handicaps.
 § Ensuring grades are flat enough to allow easy movement and side
 Walks and corridors are wide enough for two wheelchairs to pass easily.
 § Circulation routes for transferring patients from one area to another
 Shall be available and free at all times.
 § Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a minimum
 Width of 2.44 meters.
 Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a minimum width of 2.44
meters.

VI. Lighting
All areas in a hospital and other health facilities shall be provided with sufficient
illumination to promote comfort, healing and recovery of patients and to enable personnel
in the performance of work.

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 Case Study: Hargeisa
General Hospital
Brief History
 Is Called hargeisa general hospital
is one of the largest goverment
hospital in somaliland. It contains
department of diagnostic
treament, radiology deparment, sergery department, in-patient and out-patient
department.
 Have only one floor and were expanded by the a new wardrooms just after it was
acquired by the Hargeisa Hospital group.

Fuctions
 Diagnostic treatment
 Out patient and in patient deparment
 Radiology deparment
 Sergery department
 Therpay depatment
 Pediatric department
 Emergency department

LOCATION DETAILS
 Located at midst of the Presidential palce area of Parlimintry
houses.

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 infornt of the asluubta militray base.

 ZONING AND
PLANNING

Section A contains
departments

 Female surgery ward

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 One nursing stations
 Doctors room
 WCS
 Blood bank deprt
 Recipation area
 Staff room
 Collection room
 Female orthopendic ward
 One nuring station
 Toilets

SECTION B
 PHYSIO THERPY
DEPRT
 VIB rooms
 Paid rooms
 Toilets
 Waiting rooms
 Corridors
 Nursing station

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  SECTION C

 OUT-
PATIENT
 Cardiloloy
opd
 Waiting
area
 Child care
opd
 Changing
room
 Coordinato
r room

SECTION D
 ICU, DENTAL
DEPART

 Female fever wards

 Nursing station
 Doctors room
 Waiting area
 Dental room
 Reception area.

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 SECTION F
 EMERGENCY
DEPARTMENT
 Male and female
wards
 Emergency
examination
 Nursing station
 Docors room
 Receiption and
pharmacy

SECTION H
 ORTHALMOLOGY
DEPARTMENT

 Female ward
 Nursing station
 Doctors room
 Toilets
 Store

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SECTION G
 MATERNITY AND
SYNLOLOGY
DEPART
 Laboratory
 Male fever ward
 Doctors room
 Nursing room
 Toilets
 Store

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SITE LOCATION ANALYSIS

SITE LOCATION ANALYSIS

• As we all know hospitals are important in each and every city and in
City like Hargeisa, where there is rapid traffic roads, there are most
Probably chances of road accidents.

TYPOLOGY
•The TOPOGRAPHY of the site is fully plain areas with no undulations.
•The site boundary is surrounded by electric wire and plenty of trees.
VEGETATION
The site is surrounded by Garanwaa , baxarosaaf and few other trees at its

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Boundary, and some of it present in middle of the site. Most of the trees
Should remain at its place, as they are good for environment and they aid
Moisture. The trees will also provide a healing environment to the patients
The unwanted trees could be removed from the site.

SOIL CONDITION
The soil present on the site is LOAMY SAND SOIL. Loamy sand soil
Covers almost 45% of the land in Hargeisa city.

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Location:
• Very close to the emergency department and external clinics.
• Easily accessible from internal division.
• Ground floor is preferred.
V Area of the department:
1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):
• 50-100 bed hospital area = 65-104 m2
• 200 bed hospital area = 220-240 m2

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Location:
Location:
• Very close to the main entrance of the hospital.
• Close to the diagnostic services (labs and x-ray).
• Close the pharmacy.

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• An inpatient is "admitted" to the hospital and stays overnight or for an indeterminate time.
• Treatment provided in this fashion is called inpatient care.
A Nightingale ward is a type of hospital ward, which contains one large room without
subdivisions for patient occupancy. Nightingale wards contain about 24 to 34 beds usually
arranged Along the sides of the ward.

Inpatient department
Inpatient department is the place where patients admitted for longer duration or may be even for a
day in case a daycare facility is not available in a hospital.
It is most important for this part of hospital to be designed historically keeping in mind the
physiology of the patients. It is also a home away from home, the environment of this unit must be
warm, flexible and allow of freedom of use of space according to one’s need and suitability, while
keeping health safety in mind it is also called as nursing unit
Planning and designing parameters

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Ensure safety and privacy for patients
Areas pertaining to adaptability that have physical design implications:
 Peer line of sight
 Patient visibility
 Multiple divisions / zoning options
 Proximity of support
 Resilience to move/ relocate/interchange units
 Service expansion options
It should provide humanized environment for faster healing and comfortable stay.
Is is vital to provide view of the outdoors and natural elements.
The facility may have wards, or multiple bed rooms, private rooms
It should also provide appropriate waiting.

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 ;

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Pediatric care
The proportions of patients in dedicated children's
hospitals are babies (35%), premature babies
(13%}, small children and schoolchildren up to 14
years old (22%) and all ages after infectious
illnesses (22%}.
The accommodation of this last group should aim
to avoid contact between patients and other
patients/ staff. Isolation wards should be
provided for measles, chickenpox, diphtheria,
scarlet fever and TB. Rooms should also be
provided for teaching, activity and play. The
design of children's wards should be similar to
that of a

kindergarten, rather than a sterile clinical

area.

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Administration department
Administration offices are divided into those dealing directly with patients, and other offices. Offices
for patient admission and dealings with friends and relatives should be provided near the main
entrance.
The offices for internal hospital business are: administrative director's office with secretarial support,
accounts department and personnel department. Conference and meeting rooms
Are also required. In larger hospitals, social workers and psychologists also work in the
administration.
Administrative elements
 Planning
 Organization
 Staffing
 Directing
 Coordinating
 Reporting
 Budgeting
 Supervising
 Evaluation

Location:
• Very close to main entrance of the hospital.
• Entrance area, registration, accounts should face the entrance, while the manager office should
be back for privacy.

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Emergency department
Emergency medical services is an integral part of any hospital. It is considered as the “front door” of
the hospital, as it accounts for highest number of all hospital admissions. It is a vital for functioning
as a hospital, especially in case of disaster or any uncalled for event. It provides the patient for first
aid, minor operations and major operations. It provides the first step of treatment in a trauma case or
any emergency.
The accident and emergency unit must be quickly reached by accident patients (on stretchers) via the
ambulance hall (clear access road height= min. 3.50 m) and by ambulant patients from the main
entrance.
A good location for this department is the opposite side to the main entrance. The department
consists of a row of small examination and treatment rooms (16-21 m2), equipped with a couch,
small operating light, cupboard units with sink and possibly patient cubicles. There must also be a
plaster room with plastering bench and a first-aid room for treating shock. Additionally, surgery
rooms (similar to operating theatres should be available. The X-ray department should be nearby.
Storage places for at least two stretchers and for wheelchairs should be provided in the ambulance
hall.

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Location:
 • Very close to the exit door of the emergency.
 • Very close to the radiology.
 • Close to the pharmacy, laboratories, and central sterilization.
 • Direct access to the stairs and elevators.

Diagnostic and treatment department

Diagnostic and treatment department consist of medical imagining services and also sample
collection for blood, urine tests. It is basically deals with any kind of tests required for diagnosis of
disease. Depend on the size and type of health care facility, the medical imaging unit may provide for
x-ray, C.T scan, diagnostic investigations, fluoroscopy, ultrasound, ultrasonography, mammography,
radiation procedure, MRI etc.
Planning and design parameters
Room sizes should be flexible to allow for upgrading of machines and equipment.
The imaging unit may consist of the following functional areas
 Reception
 X-ray and screening room
 Preparation area, storage, disposal and utility room
 Fill processing areas
 Film storage areas
 Viewing and reporting areas
 Administrative area
 Staff amenities

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Should be located on ground floor and be connected to IPD services, OPD, and emergency
department

Gynecology and obstetrics department

GYNECOLOGY deals with non-pregnant women.
OBSTETRICS deals with pregnant women and their unborn baby.
Obstetrical patients usually make monthly visits, which entail weighing and a brief
examination.

Gynecology patients require a more lengthy pelvic examination. This type of practice requires
a large staff, as each physician needs one or two nurses.

Schematic diagram of OB/GYN department

Obstetrics consists of the following processes:
Labor
Delivery/ Birthing
LDR
Recovery
Postnatal (or Post-Partum)
Separate from these 4 processes, the baby infant nurseries
Functional Areas
The Obstetric Unit consists of the following functional areas:
Reception and arrival area including provisions for visitors and administrative activities

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Inpatient areas for general mother care and for acute care (both antenatal and post-natal)

Birthing areas
Neonatal Nursery area – General Care Nursery area.

I. Feeding the baby

II. Bathing, changing and weighing the baby

III. Allowing the baby to sleep during the day.

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The Obstetric Unit will require rapid access to Operating Unit for emergency Caesarean Section
deliveries; the Operational Policy will determine the requirement for Operating facilities located
within the Birthing Area.
Patient Flow
• There should be three to four exam rooms per physician.
• The patient flow is from waiting room to weighing area, to toilet (urine specimen), to exam room.
A good space plan will channel patients to each area by the most direct route with no backtracking or
unnecessary steps.

• If possible, the nurse station/sterilization/lab areas should be located toward the front of the

CASE STUDY: Sir salimullah mitford hospital

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It is affiliated with the University of Dhaka as a constituent college. Before 1854 it was a
Dutch "kuthi" which was used for business purpose. Became a medical college in 1962
Location _Google Map
Sir Salimullah Medical
College (SSMC) is a
Government medical school
in Bangladesh. It is located in
the old part of the
Capital, Dhaka. It is affiliated
with the University of Dhaka
as a constituent college. It is
Located at 23.710556°N
90.401111°E Mitford Road,
Babubazar, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.

Schematic Master Plan

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Organization of the main building

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Outer Zone – areas that are immediately accessible to the public: emergency service,
outpatient service, and administrative service. They shall be located near the entrance of the hospital.
Second Zone – areas that receive workload from the outer zone: laboratory, pharmacy,
and radiology. They shall be located near the outer zone.

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Inner Zone – areas that provide nursing care and management of patients: nursing service.
They shall be located in private areas but accessible to guests.
Deep Zone – areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed services: surgical service,
delivery service, nursery, and intensive care. They shall be segregated from the public areas but
accessible to the outer, second and inner zones.

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