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PhotoMAth Test

The original price of the dress was $120. Marcia received a 15% discount on the original price, making the sale price $102. She then received an additional 10% discount on the sale price through a coupon, bringing the final price to $91.80. Working backwards step-by-step and using discount formulas revealed the original price. The solution to the trigonometric equation sin(π/4 - x) – sin(x + π/4) = 1 for 0 < x < 2π is x = 5π/4 and 7π/4. This was determined by expanding the equation using trigonometric identities, simplifying, and finding the inverse sine of the solutions.

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Saad Nadeem
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251 views

PhotoMAth Test

The original price of the dress was $120. Marcia received a 15% discount on the original price, making the sale price $102. She then received an additional 10% discount on the sale price through a coupon, bringing the final price to $91.80. Working backwards step-by-step and using discount formulas revealed the original price. The solution to the trigonometric equation sin(π/4 - x) – sin(x + π/4) = 1 for 0 < x < 2π is x = 5π/4 and 7π/4. This was determined by expanding the equation using trigonometric identities, simplifying, and finding the inverse sine of the solutions.

Uploaded by

Saad Nadeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question-1: Marcia buys a dress that is on sale for 15% off it's original price.

She uses a
store coupon to obtain an additional 10% off the sale price. Marcia pays $91.80 for the
dress. What was the original price of the dress? Explain each step.
Solution:
The Price Paid (Sale + Coupon) = $91.80 is obtained through following discounts:
• 15% off Original Price
• 10% off Sale Price

First, we find the price before the 10% Coupon.


The discounted price (with the coupon is obtained by):
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 (𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒑𝒐𝒏) = 𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 ∗ (𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒑𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕)

Rearranging the relation, we can find the sale price:

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒑𝒐𝒏


𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 =
𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒑𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕

𝟗𝟏. 𝟖𝟎
𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 =
𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎

𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 = $𝟏𝟎𝟐

Now repeating the same procedure for the 15% sale, we can get the original price.
𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 = 𝑶𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 ∗ (𝟏 − 𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕)

𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆
𝑶𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 =
𝟏 − 𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕
𝟏𝟎𝟐
𝑶𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 =
𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓
𝑶𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆 = $𝟏𝟐𝟎

Hence, the original price was $120.


Question-2: Solve the equation sin (π/4 - x) – sin (x + π/4) = 1 for 0 < x < 2π. Explain each
step and substantiate your conclusions.
Solution:
First, we expand the given trigonometric equation using the following trigonometric identities:
𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝜶 ± 𝜷) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜶) 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜷) ± 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜶) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝜷)
Expansion gives us:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
sin ( ) cos(𝑥) − cos ( ) sin(𝑥) − [sin ( ) cos(𝑥) + cos ( ) sin(𝑥)] = 1
4 4 4 4
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
sin ( ) cos(𝑥) − cos ( ) sin(𝑥) − sin ( ) cos(𝑥) − cos ( ) sin(𝑥) = 1
4 4 4 4
Cancelling same terms (1st and 3rd) having opposite signs:
𝜋
− 2 cos ( ) sin(𝑥) = 1
4
𝜋
− 2 cos ( ) sin(𝑥) = 1
4
− √2 sin(𝑥) = 1
𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙) = −
√𝟐
1 𝜋
Value in Quadrant – I (𝜃 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )=
√2 4
We know that sin is negative in quadrants III and IV. Hence, as the equation has a negative
solution, thus the values of x should also lie in quadrants III and IV as well.
5𝜋
Value in Quadrant – III = 𝜋 + 𝜃 = 4
7𝜋
Value in Quadrant – IV = 2𝜋 − 𝜃 = 4

𝟓𝝅 𝟕𝝅
Hence, values of x for given equation are x = ,
𝟒 𝟒

The plotted graph (in radians) shows that


graphs of sin (π/4 - x) – sin (x + π/4) and the
5𝜋
constant line ‘1’ intersect at points:
4
7𝜋
(~ 3.92 rads) & (~ 5.49 rads) between
4
0 < x < 2π. Hence, our result is correct.
Question-3: During your first week of training for a marathon, you run a total of 10 miles.
You increase the distance you run each week by twenty percent. How many miles do you
run during your twelfth week of training?
Solution:
We know that for the first week, total miles (𝐷1 ) = 10 miles
With each week, there is an increase of 20% with respect to preceding week:
𝐷𝑛 = 𝐷𝑛−1 (1 + 0.2) where n is the current week
Hence,
𝐷2 = 𝐷1 ∗ (1 + 0.2) = 10 ∗ 1.2 = 12 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐷3 = 𝐷2 ∗ (1 + 0.2) = 𝐷1 ∗ (1 + 0.2)2 = 12 ∗ 1.2 = 14.4 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐷4 = 𝐷3 ∗ (1 + 0.2) = 𝐷1 ∗ (1 + 0.2)3 = 12 ∗ 1.2 = 17.28 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
Thus, we can generalize as:
𝐷𝑛 = 𝐷1 ∗ (1 + 0.2)𝑛−1
For 12th week, n = 12:
𝐷12 = 𝐷1 ∗ (1 + 0.2)11 = 74.3 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠

Hence, I would run 74.3 miles in the 12th week of training.

Note: It can be seen that the derived formula is similar to that of compound interest:
𝐹 = 𝑃 ∗ (1 + 𝑖)𝑛
For compound interest calculation, n starts from the principal year ‘n=0’. For our case, the starting
week is n = 1, hence the exponent contains (n-1).
Question-4: Use matrices
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟒
𝑷=[ ] 𝑸=[ ] 𝑹=[ ]
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟏

To determine whether expressions (P + Q)R and PR + QR are equal. Explain each step.

Solution:
(𝑃 + 𝑄)𝑅 = 𝑃𝑅 + 𝑄𝑅
We can solve the L.H.S & the R.H.S of the equation separately & compare if the results are equal.
Solving the L.H.S:
1 0
(𝑃 + 𝑄)𝑅 = ([3 4] + [ ]) ∗ [
1 4
]
1 2 3 −2 −2 1

Solve the parenthesis first by adding corresponding entries of matrices ‘P’ and ‘Q’.

3+1 4+0 1 4
(𝑃 + 𝑄)𝑅 = ([ ]) ∗ [ ]
1+3 2−2 −2 1

(𝑃 + 𝑄)𝑅 = [4 4] ∗ [ 1 4]
4 0 −2 1
Now, multiplying the resulting two matrices (product of the entries of rows of the first matrix with
entries of each of the columns in the second and then taking sum for each corresponding entry):
(4 ∗ 1) + (4 ∗ −2) (4 ∗ 4) + (4 ∗ 1)
(𝑃 + 𝑄)𝑅 = [ ]
(4 ∗ 1) + (0 ∗ −2) (4 ∗ 4) + (0 ∗ 1)

4 + (−8) 16 + 4
(𝑃 + 𝑄)𝑅 = [ ]
4+0 16 + 0
−𝟒 𝟐𝟎
(𝑷 + 𝑸)𝑹 = [ ]
𝟒 𝟏𝟔
Solving the R.H.S:
3 4 1 4 1 0 1 4
𝑃𝑅 + 𝑄𝑅 = ([ ]∗[ ]) + ([ ]∗[ ])
1 2 −2 1 3 −2 −2 1
As done previously, solve the parenthesis by multiplying matrices.
(3 ∗ 1) + (4 ∗ −2) (3 ∗ 4) + (4 ∗ 1) (1 ∗ 1) + (0 ∗ −2) (1 ∗ 4) + (0 ∗ 1)
𝑃𝑅 + 𝑄𝑅 = ([ ]) + ([ ])
(1 ∗ 1) + (2 ∗ −2) (1 ∗ 4) + (2 ∗ 1) (3 ∗ 1) + (−2 ∗ −2) (3 ∗ 4) + (−2 ∗ 1)

3 + (−8) 12 + 4 1+0 4+0


𝑃𝑅 + 𝑄𝑅 = ([ ]) + ([ ])
1 + (−4) 4 + 2 3 + 4 12 + (−2)
−5 16 1 4
𝑃𝑅 + 𝑄𝑅 = ([ ]) + ([ ])
−3 6 7 10
−𝟒 𝟐𝟎
𝑷𝑹 + 𝑸𝑹 = [ ]
𝟒 𝟏𝟔

Since L.H.S = R.H.S, the expressions (𝑷 + 𝑸)𝑹 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷𝑹 + 𝑸𝑹 are equal.


Question-5: The Earth revolve around the sun along an ellipse. The sun lies in the focus
of ellipse. The largest distance from Sun to Earth is 152.1 million km, and shortest is
147.1 million km. Find length of semi-minor axis of ellipse and eccentricity of ellipse.
What is the distance between two foci of ellipse?
Solution:
(Consider the following image as a reference, for better understanding)

We know the maximum distance (aphelion) and the minimum distance (perihelion), hence:
2𝑎 = 𝐴𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑀𝑎𝑥−𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 + 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑀𝑖𝑛−𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

2𝑎 = 152.1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 147.1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 299.2 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛


299.2 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑎= = 149.6 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛
2
Again, by looking at the diagram we can see that,
𝐴𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑀𝑎𝑥−𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑎 + 𝑐
𝑐 = 𝐴𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑀𝑎𝑥−𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 − 𝑎
𝑐 = 152.1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 149.6 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2.5 𝑚𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝟐𝒄 = 𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒐𝒏
The eccentricity of ellipse is given by:
𝑐
𝑒=
𝑎
𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒆= = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟕
𝟏𝟒𝟗. 𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒐𝒏
Finally, we know that for an ellipse with a > b:
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 𝒐𝒓 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2
𝑏 2 = (2.5 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛)2 + (149.6 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛)2 = 22386.41 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛2
𝒃 = 𝟏𝟒𝟗. 𝟔𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒐𝒏

Hence, the length of semi minor axis is 149.62 million km, eccentricity is 0.0167 and
distance between two foci is 5 million km.

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