Gateways Institute of Science and Technology: Philosophy Prelim

Gateways Institute of Science and
Technology
PHILOSOPHY
PRELIM
Week 2
I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learner must be able to:

i. Explain simple apprehension
ii. Describe the formation of a concept
iii. Appreciate the importance of concrete and abstract concepts.
II. CONTENT
A. LESSON PROPER
SIMPLE APPREHENSION
FUNDAMENTAL OPERATION OF THE INTELLECT
While reasoning or inference is the subject matter of Logic, other operations of the mind must be taken
into account. Reasoning involves judgment, the act of affirming or denying ideas. Similarly, inference as
a language expression of reasoning, is composed of propositions. Propositions, in turn, involves terms.
Our study of Logic will follow the natural division in terms of the operation of the intellect corresponding
to their language expression as shown here:
Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Subject: PHILOSOPHY
Quarter & Week #: PRELIM– Week 2
SIMPLE APPREHENSION
The mental act usually happens in us when fronted with things around us. If the thing is yet unknown to
us, we instinctively ask “what is it?” Accompanied with curiosity to discover, the mind is urged to
penetrate into the essence of the object in order to comprehend it. Here knowledge begins when we
start grasping the whatness or quiddity of the object. When the mind grasped the quiddity, the mental
act is called “simple apprehension” or intellection.
Let us recapitulate the salient points for further and clearer understanding.
 IDEA, CONCEPT, or THOUGHT is a mental image of an object.
 TERM is a conventional sign (a symbol, written or sounded word) by which the concept or idea is
expressed and communicated.
 SENSATION is the act of our five senses in perceiving external objects.
 SENSE IMAGE is the product of the operation of the senses stimulated by the presence of an
object.
 IMAGINATION- is a material organic faculty which reproduces a previously sensed image into a
phantasm (Baldemeca, et al.:7)
 PHANTASM – a product of the imagination, it is a sensible and concrete image of an object.
SIMPLE APPREHENSION also called intellection, simple apprehension is the mental act of interpreting
the imagined phantasm, putting a meaning to it. Its product is called concept or idea.
FACULTY OPERATION AND PRODUCT

The human mind generally operates in the following sequence: Sensation ( by the five (5) senses),
imagination, ( image making), apprehension or intellection, then verbalization ( oral or written). Each
faculty category has its own operation followed by its own product. This mental process is called the
intellectual evolution of concept or IDEOGENESIS (Reyes: 14).

Subject: PHILOSOPHY
FORMATION OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS
People begin thinking when they feel and see things around them. For instance, an individual sees a tree
under normal conditions: his eyesight healthy, there was a normal light, normal health, normal weather,
etc. The tree he sees produces an image in the optic nerve of the seeing individual through the eyeballs
or eyes. The tree’s image is registered and remains imprinted in the brain so that even if the person
leaves the tree behind, such tree can still be remembered at will, or when a stimulus is presented and
associated with the imprinted image in the mind. Such “mental image” is called CONCEPT or idea or
thought. This mental image is only a representation of the sensed tree but not the real tree itself. The
sensing individual may “erase’ the image from his nerve, or from memory in the course of time. This
mental ensure is called “forgetting”.
DIAGRAM OF MAN AND TREE
This is the mental process of sensation, imagination, conceptualization or simple apprehension of

objects.
The mental image or concept remains such as in the mind until it “gets out” of the brain. In other words,
the concept will have to be given birth to, that is, to be communicated and expressed to other people.
And as an individual who possesses the idea wishes to communicate it out, he finds ways and means to
express it. He looks for signs or symbols for the communication. The sign or symbol is called TERM. The
term may be in the form of a word, action or sound conveying the idea.
CONCEPT ACCORDING TO INTENTIONS

A Concept is categorized as FIRST INTENTION and SECEOND INTENTION. Intention in this context refers
to the mode of the mind acting on an object.

Subject: PHILOSOPHY
1. FIRST INTENTION. It is a concept category by which we grasp the nature or quiddity of an object
according to its own proper being (Andrew Bachhuber, 1996:209). Analyze how the concept dog
is used as first intention in the following statements:
a. A dog is a bodily substance
b. A dog is an irrational animal
c. A dog is quadruped.
2. SECOND INTENTION. The second intention is a kind of concept which presents the mode of
manner by which the mind understands the nature or quality as a logical reality ( Agapay, ibid.).
it is a concept in which after comprehending the essence of the thing in its proper being, we also
turn to another mode of existence of the thing as it exists in the mind ( Bachhuber:210).
a. A dog is the subject of the conversation.
b. A dog is the winner.
c. A dog is in the middle.
Note that the judgments expressed in the examples under the first intention differ categorically from
the judgments contained in the examples under the second intention.
CONCRETE AND ABSTRACT CONCEPTS
There are concepts that are classified as CONCRETE and others as ABSTRACT.
1. CONCRETE CONCEPT. It is one that presents to the mind both form and subject as non-
separable. And it is the subject that makes the concept concrete. The form is inherent in the
subject. Let us illustrate this “Man is human.” Take the concept “human” as the “subject.” The
form for human is “humanity’ and the form for the subject “man’ is “manhood.” Both humanity
and manhood are perfections to their respective subjects.
2. ABSTRACT CONCEPT. This is a concept with the “form” without the subject. The forms
“manhood” and “humanity”, separated from their respective subjects, are the abstract
concepts. These abstract terms express the perfection that makes man as man, that makes
human as human (ibid).
III. REFERENCES

Subject: PHILOSOPHY
https://www.coursehero.com/file/11972272/LOGIC-Module1-ideas-and-terms/
http://logicsymbolic.blogspot.com/2011/11/structure-of-logic.html

Subject: PHILOSOPHY

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Gateways Institute of Science and

At the end of the lesson, the learner must be able to:

FUNDAMENTAL OPERATION OF THE INTELLECT

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

FACULTY OPERATION AND PRODUCT

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

DIAGRAM OF MAN AND TREE

This is the mental process of sensation, imagination, conceptualization or simple apprehension of

CONCEPT ACCORDING TO INTENTIONS

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

CONCRETE AND ABSTRACT CONCEPTS

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

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