MAPÚA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

EXPERIMEN 1:FINENESS OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT

COURSE AND SECTION: CE150-P/B2

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME: Tulay, Joseph Andrei Patrick I. STUDENT NUMBER: 201614164

DATE OF SUBMISSION: November 8, 2019

SUBMITTED TO:

PROFESSOR: ENGR. VIRGILIO SANTOS

GRADE
Experiment 1
I.PDS
FINENESS OF A HYDRAULIC CEMENT

PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET

NAME: _Joseph Andrei Patrick I, Tulay_____________________________________________ DATE: ___Nov

28, 2019_______________

SUBJECT & SECTION: __CE152P-B2_______________________________ GROUP NO.: ____________

FINENESS OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT

Name/Type/Brand of Cement

Trial No. 1 2
Wt. of Container (gm) 5.2 5.4

Wt. of Container + Sample (gm) 55.2 55.4

Wt. of Sample (gm) 50 50

Wt. of Residue (gm) 47.20 47.47

Wt. of Sample passing #200 2.80 2.53

sieve (gm)
Fineness of Cement (%) 94.4 94.94

Average Fineness 94.67 94.67

______________________________

Student’s Signature
II.FDS

FINENESS OF A HYDRAULIC CEMENT

FINAL DATA SHEET

NAME: _Joseph Andrei Patrick I, Tulay_____________________________________________ DATE: ___Nov

28, 2019_______________

SUBJECT & SECTION: __CE152P-B2____________________________ GROUP NO.: ____________

FINENESS OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT

Name/Type/Brand of Cement

Trial No. 1 2
Wt. of Container (gm) 5.2 5.4

Wt. of Container + Sample (gm) 55.2 55.4

Wt. of Sample (gm) 50 50

Wt. of Residue (gm) 47.20 47.47

Wt. of Sample passing #200 2.80 2.53

sieve (gm)
Fineness of Cement (%) 94.4 94.94

Average Fineness 94.67 94.67

______________________________

Student’s Signature
III.COMPUTATION
TRIAL 1.
Given:
Weigh of Sample (g) = 50g
Weight of Residue (g) = 2.80g
Solution:
W −Wi 50 g−2.80 g
FINENESS = = 50 g x 100 =94.4%
W

TRIAL 2.
Given:
Weigh of Sample (g) = 50g
Weight of Residue (g) = 2.53g
Solution:
W −Wi 50 g−2. 53 g
FINENESS = = x 100=94.94%
W 50 g

94.4 %−94.94 %
AVERAGE FINENESS= 2
=94.67 %
IV.DOCUMENTATION

V. Discussion
 Fineness of cement is a measure of the size of particles of cement and is
expressed in terms of specific surface area of cement. (Singh,2013). Through sieving
and different sizes of sieves, the fineness of cement can be obtained. Fineness of cement
is important because it has an inverse relationship with hydration rate, whereas if you
have finer or smaller cement particles, there will be more surface are for the cement-
water reaction to take place, resulting in higher hydration rate. But, finer particles may
result to lack of water.
Before beginning with the experiment, the group borrowed the needed instruments:
no.50 and no.200 sieve, 1 pan, 2 containers(bowls), cement, 1 spoon, 1 brush, and a
weighing scale. Before beginning with the experiment, the group made sure to wear
protective gear such as gloves, lab gowns, and face masks. After preparing the needed
instruments and wearing protective gear, the experiment was conducted. Furthermore,
two trials were conducted for the said experiment.
First, the two containers were individually weighed using the weighing scale. Second, a
sample of the cement was obtained and placed in the first container. Third, the cement
was placed on the no. 50 sieve while underneath was the pan. Fourth, the sieve was
covered using the lid and shook or sifted for 20 minutes. Fifth, the sifted substance was
gradually transferred to the other bowl, with the help of the brush until 50g of the
substance was added. Sixth, using the no.200 sieve, the 50g substance was poured into
the sieve and then sifted for also 20 minutes. Seventh, the sifted substance was once
again poured into the bowl and weighed. Finally, all computations were done in order to
obtain the fineness of the cement.

VI. Conclusion
 Experiment 1 entitled: Fineness of a Hydraulic Cement was accomplished last
Friday, November 15, 2019. Its main objective to determine the fineness of the given
cement through the sieving method was successfully accomplished.
The size of the particles of the cement is its fineness. The required fineness of good
cement is achieved through grinding the clinker in the last step of cement production
process. As hydration rate of cement is directly related to the cement particle size,
fineness of cement is very important.  
The objective was accomplished by sieving 50g of sieved no. 50 cement through a no.
20 sieve over a period of 20 minutes. The obtained substance was then weighed. After a
series of computations, the average percent of fineness for both trials were obtained and
valued at 94.67%.
According to wecivilengineers.wordpress.com the fineness should not be above 5% or it
should not be below 95%. The conclusion that can be made is that the acquired fineness
percentages are within the said range. Thus, the sieving method made by the group was
successfully executed.
Although the standard was met, there were still sources of error present. The primary
source of error present was the proper movement when sieving. Throughout the span of
20 minutes, each member had the chance to sieve and each student has their own
method. This may have been the cause of not having higher percentage for fineness. For
those who wish to try this experiment in the future, proper technique in sieving is
required in order to minimize the time and in order to have better results.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 First and foremost, this research would not be possible without the full support and
understanding of the researcher’s beloved ones. The researchers would like to express
their heart-warming gratitude to the people that gave them the support and strength to
complete their paper.

The researchers would like to thank God for providing light and knowledge through
this wonderful journey of learnings. Also, the researcher would like to express his
heartwarming gratitude to the people that gave them the support and strength to
complete their paper;

To his research professors and research adviser, Engr. Bong for his guidance,
advices and the opportunity to embark on this research.

To his supportive friends for helping and giving encouragement to the researcher in
doing this research paper.

Lastly, to the Mapua University which serves as my tool for wisdom so for me to
complete my research paper

May God bless you all.

VIII.REFERENCES
https://civiltoday.com/civil-engineering-materials/cement/112-fineness-of-cement-
definition-importance-tests
https://www.docsity.com/pt/c-786-fineness-of-hydraulic-cement/4881299/
https://www.astm.org/Standards/C430.htm

MAPÚA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila
School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

EXPERIMEN 2: CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC

CEMENT

COURSE AND SECTION: CE150-P/B2

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME: Tulay, Joseph Andrei Patrick I. STUDENT NUMBER: 201614164

DATE OF SUBMISSION: November 8, 2019

SUBMITTED TO:

PROFESSOR: ENGR. VIRGILIO SANTOS

GRADE

Experiment 2:
I.PDS
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MEMBERS: __Joseph Andrei Patrick I.
Tulay____________________________________ DATE: __Nov
28,2019________________
SUBJECT & SECTION: __CE152P-B2_____________________________ GROUP
NO.: ____________
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
Name/Type/Brand of
Cement
Trial No. 1 2 3 4
Wt. of Container (g) 5.3g 5.1g 5.4g 5.8g
Wt. of Container + 505.3g 505.1g 505.4g 505.8g
Sample (g)
Wt. of Sample (gm) 500gm 500gm 500gm 500gm
Vol. of H2O used (mL) 120ml 130ml 138ml 145ml
Penetration (mm) 3mm 6mm 10mm 13mm
Vol. of Water Used @ 10 138mm
mm Penetration
Normal Consistency (%) 27.6%
Approved by:

______________________________

INSTRUCTOR

II.FDS
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MEMBERS: __Joseph Andrei Patrick I.
Tulay____________________________________ DATE: __Nov
28,2019________________
SUBJECT & SECTION: __CE152P-B2_____________________________ GROUP
NO.: ____________
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT
Name/Type/Brand of
Cement
Trial No. 1 2 3 4

Wt. of Container (g) 5.3g 5.1g 5.4g 5.8g

Wt. of Container + 505.3g 505.1g 505.4g 505.8g
Sample (g)
Wt. of Sample (gm) 500g 500g 500g 500g
Vol. of H2O used (mL) 120ml 130ml 138ml 145ml

Penetration (mm) 3mm 6mm 10mm 13mm

Vol. of Water Used @ 138mm
10 mm Penetration
Normal Consistency (%) 27.6%

Approved by:

______________________________

INSTRUCTOR

III. COMPUTATION
Trial 1.
Given:
Weight of Sample (gm)=500g
Volume of water used (ml)=120ml
Penetration (mm)=3mm
Volume of water used at 10m Penetration =138mm

Solution:
Volume of water used at 10 m Penetration 120 ml
NORMAL CONSITENCY (%)= Weight of Sample( g)
= 500 g =27.6

IV.GRAPH
V.DOCUMENTATION
VII.DISCUSSION
Consistency of hydraulic cement is the needed amount of water to be mixed in
order to attain a cement paste. When having a cement-water reaction, it is vital to not
only take note of the fineness of cement but also the amount of water needed to achieve
consistency. It is important to take note of cement consistency because not having
proper ratio can below standard cement. When too much or too little water is mixed
with the cement it can lead to loss of strength of the cement.
Before beginning with the experiment, the group borrowed the needed instruments:
no.50 sieve, 1 pan, 2 containers (bowls), cement, 1 spoon, 1 brush, vicat apparatus,
graduated cylinder, glass plate, and a weighing scale. Before beginning with the
experiment, the group made sure to wear protective gear such as gloves, lab gowns, and
face masks. After preparing the needed instruments and wearing protective gear, the
experiment was conducted.
The experiment was conducted for four trials. First, the first container was weighed
using the weighing scale. Second, a sample of the cement was obtained and placed in
the second container. Third, the cement was placed on the no. 50 sieve while underneath
was the pan. Fourth, the sieve was covered using the lid and shook or sifted until
enough cement is ready to accommodate 4 trials. Fifth, the sifted substance was
gradually transferred to the other bowl, with the help of the brush until 500g of the
substance was added. Sixth, using the graduated cylinder, the desired amount of water
was added. For trials 1,2,3, and 4, 120mL, 130mL, 140mL, and 150mL were added to
the cement respectively. Seventh, using one’s bare hands, the mixture was mixed and
formed into a ball. Then, the ball was pressed against into a mold. Eighth, using the
vicat apparatus, the penetration was determined at 10 mm. Finally, the data was graphed
and used in computing for the normal consistency of cement.

VIII. Conclusion
The objective was accomplished by mixing varying volume of water for each trial
and testing the penetration with use of the vicat apparatus. Once having enough trials,
the data was graphed. By analyzing the graph and undergoing through computations, the
normal consistency was identified to be 27.4%.
According to civilread.com the normal consistency of ordinary Portland cement is
between 25%-35%. The conclusion that can be made is that the acquired normal
consistency is within the said range. Thus, the ratio of 137mL to 500 g is acceptable.
Although the standard was met, there were still sources of error present. The primary
source of error was not being able to test the penetration as fast as possible, which for
some trials the cement hardened. Another source of error was the lack of experience in
using and reading the vicat apparatus. This may have been the cause of not having
higher percentage for normal consistency. For those who wish to try this experiment in
the future, after shaping the mixture into a ball, quickly place it in the mold and test its
penetration; and also try to first study how to use the vicat apparatus.
This information would be useful to us in the future when we handle construction
projects specifically, masonry works. Masonry works primarily deals with cement and
concrete and it would be better to know how to get the normal consistency.
 VI.Acknowledgement
First and foremost, this research would not be possible without the full support and
understanding of the researcher’s beloved ones. The researchers would like to express
their heart-warming gratitude to the people that gave them the support and strength to
complete their paper.

The researchers would like to thank God for providing light and knowledge through
this wonderful journey of learnings. Also, the researcher would like to express his
heartwarming gratitude to the people that gave them the support and strength to
complete their paper;

To his research professors and research adviser, Engr. Bong for his guidance,
advices and the opportunity to embark on this research.

To his supportive friends for helping and giving encouragement to the researcher in
doing this research paper.

Lastly, to the Mapua University which serves as my tool for wisdom so for me to
complete my research paper

May God bless you all.

X. REFERENCES
http://brandnewengineers.blogspot.com/2014/12/normal-consistency-of-cement.html

https://civilread.com/normal-consistency-cement-vicat-appartus/

https://www.slideshare.net/HafizullahSadat/normal-consistency-and-sitting-times-of-cement