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    Atomic Structure of Matter:: Electrons, Which Form

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    Taohid
    The document discusses the atomic structure of matter, classifying materials as conductors, insulators, or semiconductors based on their electron configuration. It defines electric charge, current, and potential difference, explaining that electric current is the flow of electric charge and potential difference is necessary to cause current to flow. Homework problems at the end ask the reader to calculate potential difference and current given the charge and time values.

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    Atomic Structure of Matter:: Electrons, Which Form

    Uploaded by

    Taohid
    22 views3 pages
    The document discusses the atomic structure of matter, classifying materials as conductors, insulators, or semiconductors based on their electron configuration. It defines electric charge, current, and potential difference, explaining that electric current is the flow of electric charge and potential difference is necessary to cause current to flow. Homework problems at the end ask the reader to calculate potential difference and current given the charge and time values.

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    03-09-20 EEE

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    The document discusses the atomic structure of matter, classifying materials as conductors, insulators, or semiconductors based on their electron configuration. It defines electric charge, current, and potential difference, explaining that electric current is the flow of electric charge and potential difference is necessary to cause current to flow. Homework problems at the end ask the reader to calculate potential difference and current given the charge and time values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    22 views3 pages

    Atomic Structure of Matter:: Electrons, Which Form

    Uploaded by

    Taohid
    The document discusses the atomic structure of matter, classifying materials as conductors, insulators, or semiconductors based on their electron configuration. It defines electric charge, current, and potential difference, explaining that electric current is the flow of electric charge and potential difference is necessary to cause current to flow. Homework problems at the end ask the reader to calculate potential difference and current given the charge and time values.

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    EEE(03-09-2020)

    What is matter?

    Def. matter is anything, which occupies space and has mass. Matter exit in various form:solid, liquid
    and gas. Matter may be in compound form

    Atomic structure of matter:

    Basic component of matter is atom. Atom is of great importance to us. Because , it provides
    electrons, which form backbone of electronics.

    Atom consists of:

     Nucleus: neutron, proton


     Electrons
     Example: Hidrogen atom

    Electronic Configuration: 2n² there shell K, L, M, N, O

    Let us consider Cu atomic number 29.

    K-shell: 2x1²=2

    L-shell: 2x2²=8

    M-shell: 2x3²=18

    O-shell: 2x4²=32 but we have only one electron ( rest 1 elecron)

    =1

    Cu is known as conductor.

    N atomic number 7.

    K-shell: 2x1²=2

    L-shell: 2x2²=8 but we have only 5 electron ( rest 5 elecron)

    N is called insulator.

    Si atomic number 16.

    Si is called semiconductor.

    Materials is Classified:
     Conductor: Those Materials which have plenty free electrons and which these electrons can
    move easily from onr orbit to another are called conductor. Ex: Cu
     Insulator: Those Materials which have few free electrons tightly bound to the nucleus are
    called insulator. Which necessary to protect current. Ex: plastic, N
     Semiconductor: These metarials which have a conductivity between conductors and
    nonconductors or insulators are called semiconductor. Ex: Si, Ge

    Electric Charge:

    Def: The total deficiency or excess of electrons in a body is known as its charge. If there is excess of
    electrons in body then the body is safe to be Negatavely-charged. If there is deficieny of electrons in
    body then the body is safe to be Positively-charged.

    Properties Charge:

    It has 2 properties:

     It is conservative. It can be neither be created nor destroyed.


     It can transfer from one body to another. It is quantized because is exists in multiple of
    electronic charge.

    Coulombs is equal to the charge carried by 1C= 6.24×10 charge(electrons).

    Electric Current

    Def. It is the rate of flow of electronic charge.

    Let a charge q coulomb, flows across in conductor in time t sec. then, Electric current is defined by
    I=q/t=dq/dt

    Note! current may be due to both positive and negative charges moving in opposite direction in
    conductor.

    The convention, current flows opposite to the direction of electron flows.

    ScreenShot
    Potential and Potential Difference

    Def. Every electronic charge is capable doing work by moving another charge either by attraction or
    by repulsion. This ability of a charge to do work represents its potentials.
    V=W/Q

    Protential Difference(PD)

    Def. It is clear that when there are 2 different chargestheir potentials are different. There exsits
    potentials difference between two.

    Note! PD is necessary to cause flow of electric current. If there is no PD then current does not
    produce.

    Home Work: As a part of class activity


    Problem-1: Energy of 4J is delivered to the box shown in the Fig. over a period of 10s is current of
    5mA. Find the potential difference across the box. (Ans: 80Volt)

    Problem-2: In a conductor, 18.72*10 electrons are found to move past a given point in 0.25 sec. What
    is the value of electronic current flowing through the conductor? (Ans: 2A)

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