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    Measurement of Direction

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    Shane Vince
    Here are the steps: 1. True heading is 045 2. Variation is 1°30'W 3. To get magnetic heading, subtract variation from true heading since it is west: Magnetic heading = 045 - 1°30' = 043°30' 4. Referring to the compass card, the deviation is -2° 5. To get compass heading, subtract deviation from magnetic heading: Compass heading = 043°30' - 2° = 041°30' Therefore, the compass heading is 041°30'

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    Measurement of Direction

    Uploaded by

    Shane Vince
    18 views19 pages
    Here are the steps: 1. True heading is 045 2. Variation is 1°30'W 3. To get magnetic heading, subtract variation from true heading since it is west: Magnetic heading = 045 - 1°30' = 043°30' 4. Referring to the compass card, the deviation is -2° 5. To get compass heading, subtract deviation from magnetic heading: Compass heading = 043°30' - 2° = 041°30' Therefore, the compass heading is 041°30'

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    Here are the steps: 1. True heading is 045 2. Variation is 1°30'W 3. To get magnetic heading, subtract variation from true heading since it is west: Magnetic heading = 045 - 1°30' = 043°30' 4. Referring to the compass card, the deviation is -2° 5. To get compass heading, subtract deviation from magnetic heading: Compass heading = 043°30' - 2° = 041°30' Therefore, the compass heading is 041°30'

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views19 pages

    Measurement of Direction

    Uploaded by

    Shane Vince
    Here are the steps: 1. True heading is 045 2. Variation is 1°30'W 3. To get magnetic heading, subtract variation from true heading since it is west: Magnetic heading = 045 - 1°30' = 043°30' 4. Referring to the compass card, the deviation is -2° 5. To get compass heading, subtract deviation from magnetic heading: Compass heading = 043°30' - 2° = 041°30' Therefore, the compass heading is 041°30'

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    Measurement of Direction

    ATRN 214
    Measurement of
    Direction
    By using the meridians, one can
    measure the direction of travel by
    measuring the angle between the
    your course and true north.

    Q: Is there a heading 361?

    This means my heading is 60° from true north or simply 060


    Why do we use Why this?
    longitude instead of
    latitude as reference?

    longitude
    Since meridians of longitudes
    extends from north to south, that
    means all longitudes always point to
    the north. This is important for
    consistency.
    Example
    Which direction is this
    aircraft heading?
    Let’s complete this
    compass rose
    True and Magnetic
    North
    Last lecture, we discussed how
    Earth is tilted with respect to it’s
    rotation.
    The magnetic field is tilted as well!
    This makes compasses point to
    the “tilted” north.

    Now, which north should we be


    referring to?
    Variation and Deviation
    Magnetic Variation
    Since we now know that true and magnetic north
    in different places, we need a way to measure our
    direction using these two, and to convert from
    one to another.

    Magnetic variation, or simply variation, is the


    angle between true north (TN) and magnetic north
    (MN). It is expressed as east variation or west
    variation depending upon whether MN is to the
    east or west of TN.

    As you can see, we cannot use magnetic


    meridians to measure direction as it is different in
    other parts of the globe. Again, this is bad for
    consistency. Magnetic meridians (in red) vs latitude and longitude
    (in blue)
    Isogonic Lines

    In a map, it is handy to know


    the variation in an area with
    just one look. Lines on Earth’s
    surface with the same variation
    are called isogonic line. The
    line with zero variation is called
    agonic line.
    True and Magnetic Heading

    Remember from your first assignment the definition of heading. It is the direction where the
    aircraft is pointing to. An aircraft can point into different directions based on which north you
    are referencing.

    True heading – is the heading with reference to true north.

    Given that, what is a magnetic heading?


    West is Best, East is Least

    Now we are ready for some calculations!

    Given a true heading of 010 (remember that it is 10°), and a variation of 2°W. What would be
    the magnetic heading?

    A good way to remember is using “West is best, east is least”. That means, A west variation is
    added to true heading to obtain magnetic heading. The reverse is true for east variations.
    Magnetic Deviation

    • Physics 101: Iron attracts magnet, and


    electricity produces magnetic field.

    • Why does it matter to us? Huge parts of an


    aircraft is made of magnetic metal. And
    components are ran by electricity. That
    means an aircraft has it’s own local
    magnetic field.

    • These components can influence the


    compass, giving erroneous reading. This
    error induced is the magnetic deviation.
    Magnetic Deviation

    • Since we measure our direction based on


    compass reading we need a way to
    compensate with deviation.
    • A deviation card is created for every
    aircraft that summarizes the correction
    needed to be made to have a correct
    compass reading.
    Compass Heading
    Yes. We have a true heading, a magnetic
    heading (which accounts for variation), and a
    compass heading (which is magnetic heading
    accounted for deviation).

    Compass heading is what we use to navigate


    during flight.

    Variation Deviation
    True Heading Magnetic Heading Compass Heading
    A compass deviation card
    This means that if an aircraft wants a
    heading 030, it must have a reading
    of 028 in the compass. It has a -2
    deviation.

    Q: What if we want to head to 315.


    What is the deviation?
    Example

    Given a true heading of 045, and a variation of 1°30’W. Referring to the compass card from
    the last slide, what would be the compass heading?

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