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    ICS 414 Mobile Networks ISE 412/ ISS 419 Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication

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    Tatenda Kwaramba
    This document provides information about the ICS 414 Mobile Networks course taught by Eng. W.T. Gwavava. It discusses wireless networking and mobile computing concepts like wireless network types (WLAN, WPAN, WMAN, WWAN), wireless network standards, the evolution of wireless networks from 1G to 5G, and areas of research in mobile and wireless communication including transmission quality, mobility, and portability. It also provides a simple reference model of network layers and how mobility influences each layer.

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    ICS 414 Mobile Networks ISE 412/ ISS 419 Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication

    Uploaded by

    Tatenda Kwaramba
    36 views20 pages
    This document provides information about the ICS 414 Mobile Networks course taught by Eng. W.T. Gwavava. It discusses wireless networking and mobile computing concepts like wireless network types (WLAN, WPAN, WMAN, WWAN), wireless network standards, the evolution of wireless networks from 1G to 5G, and areas of research in mobile and wireless communication including transmission quality, mobility, and portability. It also provides a simple reference model of network layers and how mobility influences each layer.

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    Mobile Computing

    Original Title

    Lecture 1 PPT

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    This document provides information about the ICS 414 Mobile Networks course taught by Eng. W.T. Gwavava. It discusses wireless networking and mobile computing concepts like wireless network types (WLAN, WPAN, WMAN, WWAN), wireless network standards, the evolution of wireless networks from 1G to 5G, and areas of research in mobile and wireless communication including transmission quality, mobility, and portability. It also provides a simple reference model of network layers and how mobility influences each layer.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views20 pages

    ICS 414 Mobile Networks ISE 412/ ISS 419 Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication

    Uploaded by

    Tatenda Kwaramba
    This document provides information about the ICS 414 Mobile Networks course taught by Eng. W.T. Gwavava. It discusses wireless networking and mobile computing concepts like wireless network types (WLAN, WPAN, WMAN, WWAN), wireless network standards, the evolution of wireless networks from 1G to 5G, and areas of research in mobile and wireless communication including transmission quality, mobility, and portability. It also provides a simple reference model of network layers and how mobility influences each layer.

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    ICS 414 Mobile Networks

    ISE 412/ ISS 419 Mobile Computing and


    Wireless Communication
    Lecturer : Eng. W.T. Gwavava

    Office : W103

    Email ID : wgwavava@hit.ac.zw
    Mobile Computing
    Wireless Networks
    (Communications)
    • Wireless networking is the new face of networking. Wireless
    networking have been around for many years. Cell phones are
    also a type of wireless communication and are popular today for
    people talking to each other worldwide.
    •
    Wireless networking are not only less expensive than more
    traditional wired networking but also much easier to install. An
    important goal of this site is to provide you adequate
    knowledge for installing a wireless network and get certified in
    wireless networks as well as.
    Two 802.11 access modes can be used in
    a WLAN:
    • Ad hoc mode is based on the Independent Basic Service Set
    (IBSS). In IBSS, clients can set up connections directly to other
    clients without an intermediate AP. This allows you to set up
    peer-to-peer network connections and is sometimes used in a
    SOHO. The main problem with ad hoc mode is that it is difficult
    to secure since each device you need to connect to will require
    authentication. This problem, in turn, creates scalability issues.
    • Infrastructure mode was designed to deal with security and
    scalability issues. In infrastructure mode, wireless clients can
    communicate with each other, albeit via an AP
    Types of Wireless Networks
    • WLANS: Wireless Local Area Networks
    WLANS allow users in a local area, such as a university campus or
    library, to form a network or gain access to the internet. A temporary
    network can be formed by a small number of users without the need
    of an access point; given that they do not need access to network
    resources.

    • WPANS: Wireless Personal Area Networks


    The two current technologies for wireless personal area networks are
    Infra Red (IR) and Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15). These will allow the
    connectivity of personal devices within an area of about 30 feet.
    However, IR requires a direct line of site and the range is less.
    Types of Wireless Networks
    • WMANS: Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks
    This technology allows the connection of multiple networks in a
    metropolitan area such as different buildings in a city, which can
    be an alternative or backup to laying copper or fiber cabling.
    • WWANS: Wireless Wide Area Networks
    These types of networks can be maintained over large areas, such
    as cities or countries, via multiple satellite systems or antenna
    sites looked after by an ISP. These types of systems are referred to
    as 2G (2nd Generation) systems.
    Comparison of Wireless Network Types
    Type Coverage Performance Standards Applications
    Wireless PAN Within reach of a Moderate Wireless PAN Within reach Cable replacement for
    person of a person Moderate peripherals
    Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, and
    IrDa Cable replacement for
    peripherals

    Wireless LAN Within a building or High IEEE 802.11, Wi-Fi, and Mobile extension of wired
    campus HiperLAN networks

    Wireless MAN Within a city High Proprietary, IEEE 802.16, Fixed wireless between homes
    and WIMAX and businesses and the Internet

    Wireless WAN Worldwide Low CDPD and Cellular 2G, Mobile access to the Internet
    2.5G, and 3G from outdoor areas
    Wireless networks in comparison to fixed
    networks
    • Higher loss-rates due to interference
    • emissions of, e.g., engines, lightning

    • Restrictive regulations of frequencies


    • frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied

    • Lower transmission rates


    • local some Mbit/s, regional sometimes only, e.g., 53kbit/s with GSM/GPRS or about 150 kbit/s using EDGE – some Mbit/s with LTE
    (shared!) – compare country side vs. downtown

    • Higher delays, higher jitter


    • connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several hundred milliseconds for other wireless systems – in ms range with LTE

    • Lower security, simpler active attacking


    • radio interface accessible for everyone, base station can be simulated, thus attracting calls from mobile phones

    • Always shared medium


    • secure access mechanisms important
    FROM 1G TO 5G - EVOLUTION OF
    COMMUNICATION

    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUovkXWe15s
    Internet Speed
    Maximum Download
    Generation Icon Technology Typical Download Speed
    Speed

    G GPRS 0.0125 MB <0.0125 MB


    2G
    E EDGE 0.0375 MB 0.0125 MB

    3G 3G (Basic) 0.0375 MB 0.0125 MB

    H HSPA 0.9 MB 0.1875 MB


    3G
    H+ HSPA+ 2.625 MB 4Mbit/s

    H+ DC-HSPA+ 42Mbit/s 8Mbit/s

    4G 4G LTE Category 4 150Mbit/s 15Mbit/s

    4G+ LTE-Advanced Cat6 300Mbit/s 30Mbit/s

    4G+ LTE-Advanced Cat9 450Mbit/s 45Mbit/s


    4G+
    4G+ LTE-Advanced Cat12 600Mbit/s 60Mbit/s

    4G+ LTE-Advanced Cat16 979Mbit/s 90Mbit/s

    5G 5G 5G (1-10Gbit/s) 150-200Mbit/s
    Areas of research in mobile and wireless
    communication
    • Wireless Communication
    • transmission quality (bandwidth, error rate, delay)
    • modulation, coding, interference
    • medium access, regulations
    • ...
    • Mobility
    • location dependent services
    • location transparency
    • quality of service support (delay, jitter, security)
    • ...
    • Portability
    • power consumption
    • limited computing power, sizes of display, ...
    • usability
    • ...
    … and as always: security (privacy, data integrity, tracking, encryption, law enforcement…)!
    Simple reference model used here

    Application Application

    Transport Transport

    Network Network Network Network

    Data Link Data Link Data Link Data Link

    Physical Physical Physical Physical

    Radio Medium
    Influence of mobile communication to the
    layer model
    service location
    Application layer
    new/adaptive applications
    multimedia
    congestion/flow control
    Transport layer
    quality of service
    addressing, routing
    Network layer
    device location
    hand-over
    authentication
    Data link layer
    media access/control
    multiplexing
    encryption
    modulation
    Physical layer
    interference
    attenuation
    frequency

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