4-Electrical Machines PDF
4-Electrical Machines PDF
4-Electrical Machines PDF
Educational resources for the study of electrical, static and rotary machines. Ranging from the
operating principles to the construction of automatic devices and the maintenance operations
of the machines.
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AUTOMATION
WORKSHOP
Electrical machines
TESTING PRINCIPLES
CLASSROOM-WORKSHOP
5/
Documentation Economics
Each resource has a set of supporting documents to The scalability of the teaching resources and the potential
facilitate the teacher’s work: for use in the classroom, allows a considerable reduction
- User Manual: contains instructions for the in the investment to be made for a specific program of
implementation and operation of equipment, electrical machines.
its technical features and information about
precautions to be taken into account for proper
operation.
- Workbook: Defines the objectives, sequence of
Modularity
implementation and an answer key for each of the
The equipment allows a modular configuration according
practice sessions.
to the available equipment and the training needs of the
user.
Safety
The resources presented in this catalogue have
been designed to meet European directives on the
safety of machinery, low voltage and electromagnetic
compatibility.
4 electrical machines
electrical machine test bench
ProLAB
Modular test bench
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Alecop’s ProLAB is the most advanced system for teaching Electrical Machines. It allows students
to study, both theoretically and practically, the operation and performance of static and rotating
electrical machines from a fundamental level to the most advanced tests.
ProLAB is a modular system, comprising a test bench, power supplies, instruments and various
dc, single and 3-phase ac machines and transformers. It can be configured traditionally as single
workstations, using either conventional or PC based instruments, or networked when only one
set of hardware is necessary for each classroom providing a cost effective solution, and a simple
upgrade path when student numbers increase.
When used with a PC or networked, Diana software provides theory and instruction, as well as
control, and guides the student through the construction and assembly of different test strategies.
Even complex configurations take only minutes to complete. Diana contains standard test routines
or allows the student or instructor to set up their own experiments.
Each of the m`odules, whether power supplies, loads or instruments can be set up manually or via
the software. The machines and test bench are also compatible with conventional instruments.
Uniquely Diana contains mathematical models of each machines so the ‘ideal’ simulated test
results can be directly compared to those obtained from real machines. Alternatively students can
familiarise themselves with test procedures using the simulation before moving on to the actual
machine. A document generator helps students produce their laboratory reports. Comprehensive
documentation is provided with experimental manuals for both the student and instructor.
ProLAB can be mounted, when required, on a mobile bench for portability. Because it only requires
a single phase power supply (three phase for machine operation is generated on-board), it can be
used in any classroom so the days of costly dedicated laboratories are past.
Adapted to classroom needs
ProLAB system enables students to learn concepts
and procedures of the operation of static and
rotating electrical machines.
Scalability
The modular system makes it possible to acquire the components that best meet the needs of its centre, for both
curriculum and budget. ProLAB is compatible with conventional elements in your classroom/workshop (resistors, inductors,
capacitors, rectifier bridges...)
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Work process
ProLAB allows the student to put into practise the basic concepts learnt in the theory related to the operation of electrical
machines. The putting into practise is by testing, whether real or simulated. Each test is performed following these 6 steps:
IDENTIFICATION
of the test
ASSEMBLY
of the equipment
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ProLAB
DEFINITION
DOCUMENTATION of the parameters
producing reports
ANALYSIS
of the results
TESTING
of the machines
Classroom work
Testing with the modules and Combines the use computer to Enables the entire work process
the bench. Fieldwork. Manual prepare exercises and sending to be carried out through the
demonstrations. the manual application, to the software. The library has the
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machine bench. most significant test activities to
achieve global learning.
Configuration
Students in the class are kept active thus avoiding, as far as possible, waiting times.
Classroom connectivity completes the work:
Bench
Independent bench for testing rotating
electrical machines
Ref: 9EQBNC199A
10 /
At the heart of the system is the BNC-199 Machine Test Bench into which various motors under
test are mounted. This can be manually operated or computer controlled. In Dynamometer mode
real time measurements of Speed, Torque and Power are displayed or it can be used as a prime
mover for Generator tests. All parameters are also available on the external connector.
Safety is of paramount importance. Interlocks ensure machines cannot be operated unless the
robust transparent safety cover is in place. Voltages are isolated and any fault condition, such as
over or under voltage, excessive speed or torque etc, are indicated and operate protective relays.
Technical specifications
GENERAL PROTECTIONS
Dimensions: 950 x 360 x 420 mm Mobile protection with electric anchor.
Weight: 41 Kg Emergency stop button on the bench.
Power supply: Single phase network 190 to 250Vac - 4mm safety terminals for the connection of the machine
5.25 Amp.- 50/60Hz under testing.
Machines type to be tested: Internal protections: internal temperature, torque, speed,
- Foot height type 71, 80 and 90 mm. insufficient voltage, excessive over voltage and grid
- 80 and 90 mm height on Alecop profiles. over-current.
The testing machine is attached using elastic coupling
OPERATING AS A BRAKE
Maximum speed: 2,450 rpm
Torque: 0 to 10 Nm
Rated: 800 W
Module
ALI-199
Power Supply Module
ALI 199 FTC 1
0 ÷ +10V
EXT 0 ÷ 250
0V 0V
V
0
1.5V/A
10A
I L L
N
11 /N
Ref: MDULALI199 P.E.
230V 50/60Hz P.E. 230V
INT
EXT PC
Input: using 10amp fuse. Ø10.5
Includes serigraph identifying the functional blocks and
Output: Thermal Protection calculated at 2 Amp.
components symbols. 0 Ø10.1
÷ +10V
10
Ø10.5
12.9x19.2
0 ÷ 250V 50 60
power supply (red). Indications: On light to indicate main supply and outputs
from the active source.
G
(L1) (L1-L2)
Ø10.1
Ø12.5
Ø12.5 Ø12.5 Ø12.5
L L
Ø12.5
N N
L1 L2 L3
Ø12.5
Module
FTC-199
Adjustable DC Voltage source
9 X 53.5
62
proportional outputs. I
INT
EXT PC EXT
-15V
M
0 ÷ +10V 10
0 ÷ +10V
Ø10.2
V A
0 1V/25V
1.5V/A Ø10.2
3V/A
10A
Ø12.5
12 / L L L
I
L Ø12.5
Ø12.5
Ref: MDULFTC199 N N N N
Ø12.5
frame.
Ø5.1
62,5 X 32.5 BLK1
- Interior: with a dial. Ø3.3
V
Ø3.3
A Ø10.2 Ø10
• Voltage: 190 ÷ 250 V. E1 S1
9 X 53.5 (r=0)
Ø3.3
P Ø10.1 VRMS
- Exterior: Using a DB26 with a safety socket of 2mm.
Ø3.3
Q
• Maximum power: 1 kW Ø9 Ø3.3
S
Ranura
+10Vde 2.6mm de ancho
(los puntos indican el comienzo y el final)
cos S3
Ø10
G
(L1) - Current Range / Precision: 0 ÷ 6.6 A < 1% F.E.
(L1-L2)
0.5Nm/V
Ø10.2
Ø10.1
Magnitude signal capture: Ø10.1
T
Ø12.5 Ø12.5
L
-Ø12.5 Analogue
Ø12.5 signalsØ12.5
in the DB26 connector:
L
Output BNC 199
CN H
1% F.E.
- Precision current range: 0 ÷ 6.6 A c.c. ( 0 ± 10 V )
1% F.E.
FCC-199
Adjustable DC Current source
Ø5.1
controlled current output. Includes a
Ø5.1
ERR V ERR
switchable display and proportional
I
Ø6.5
9 X 53.5
9 X 53.5
+15V
62.5 X 32.5
Ø9
outputs. I V
INT INT
EXT PC EXT
-15V Ø9.25 PC
M10X0.75
0 ÷ +10V 10
0 ÷ +10V Ø10.5
10
Ø10.2 0 ÷Ø10.1
+10V
10
Ø10.5
0 ÷ 10A
EXT 0 ÷ 250V INT EXT 0 ÷ 3.3A INT Ø2 Ø2
V A
0 1V/25V
1.5V/A Ø10.2
3V/A Ø10.2
1V/35V
10A (u)
Ø10.1
N Ref: MDULFCC199
N N N N N
Ø12.5 Ø12.5
U
Ø12.5
230V 50/60Hz P.E. P.E. 230V P.E. P.E. 230V P.E. P.E.
• Maximum power: 1 kW
Ø3.3
P Ø10.1 VRMS
Ø3.3
Q
Ø9 Ø3.3
S - Exterior: Using a DB26 withS3aØ10.2
Ranura safety socket of 2mm.
+10Vde 2.6mm de ancho
(los puntos indican el comienzo y el final) CN H
1
36xØ10.2
cosφ
Ø3.3 CN H cos
Accuracy: 1%. C
(E1 - E2)
φ
Ø3.3 -10V
2 1
Includes serigraph identifying the functional blocks and Ø3.3
f E2
VRMS
S2
Ø10.2 CN H CN H
0V
components symbols. 2 Y
9 X 101.8 (r=0)
9 X 101.8
INT Ø10.2
EXT PC CN H
Ø10.5 Physical Measurements:
BLK2
Ø10.2 Ø10.2
1 0V
Uses 2 mm. in diameter safety sockets which serve as
10 12.9x19.2
Magnitude display:
E1
VRMS
S1 CN H
CN H
0 Ø10.1
÷ +10V Ø10.5
1
- Current range / Precision: 0 ÷ 3.3 ACN
c.c. < 1% F.E. CN CN H CN H
G
(L1) (L1-L2)
Magnitude
0.5Nm/V
Ø10.2 signal capture: 1V/Nm
Ø10.2 CN H
2 E 1
Ø10.1 Ø10.1 CN H
-
T
Analogue signals in the DB26 connector: Output
T
0V
Z
Ø12.5 Ø12.5
Ø12.5 Ø12.5 Ø12.5
BNC 199 2 CN H
L L CN
voltage and current.
H
+10V
0V
P.E. 230V P.E. - Ø10.2
Voltage range / precision:
0V
0 ÷ 350 V c.c. ( 0 ± 10 V ) Ø10.2
-10V
1% F.E.
- Precision current range: 0 ÷ 3.5 A c.c. ( 0 ± 10 V )
1% F.E.
Module
CRG-199
Electronic load Ref: MDULCRG199
passive loads:
Z
(u) (u-v)
capacitive.
14 / N
U V W N
capacitive.
• Power factor variable between 0 and 1
(inductive and capacitive).
ERR V ERR
9 X 53.5
+15V
62
I
INT
EXT PC EXT
-15V
M
0 ÷ +10V 10
0 ÷ +10V
Ø10.2
V A
0 1V/25V
1.5V/A Ø10.2
3V/A
10A
Ø12.5
I L L L L Ø12.5
Ø12.5
N N N N
Module P.E.
Ø12.5
GTP-199
230V 50/60Hz P.E. 230V P.E. P.E.
9 X 53.5 (r=0)
Ø3.3
P Ø10.1 VRMS
a single-phase input. Includes adjustable Ø9
Ø3.3
Q
Ø3.3
S
Ranura
+10Vde 2.6mm de ancho
(los puntos indican el comienzo y el final)
cos S3
Ø10
cosφ
Ø3.3 CN H
(E1 - E2)
Ø10
0 ÷ 250V 50 60 +10V
G
(L1) (L1-L2)
0.5Nm/V
Ø10.2
Ø10.1 Ø10.1
T
Ø12.5 Ø12.5
BNC 199
Ø12.5 Ø12.5 Ø12.5
L L CN H
Ø12.5 Ø12.5
n
N N
L1 L2 L3 Ø10.2
200rpm/V
15 /
Ø12.5 Ø12.5
39.5x13 (r=1.3)
Ø10.2
P.E. 230V P.E.
Ref: MDULGTP199 0V
Functional description
The support comprises a triple-size training module:
250 x 216 x 130 mm.
Technical specifications
It operates installed in a desktop vertical rack from where
it gets its ± 15 V power required for operation. Power supply:
- Control: ± 15 VDC from the ALECOP support frame.
Interconnection with other modules in the test bench - Power: Single phase 190 to 250 Vac using safety
BNC-199 and DIANA software with a fast 26-pin terminals.
connector. 2 mm sockets for external measurements and Maximum power: 1 kW
set values. 4 mm safety terminals input power (mains Power factor: Variable between 0 and 1 (inductive and
connection). capacitive)
Maximum output voltage: 250 V AC
Includes serigraph identifying the functional blocks. Has
Maximum intensity: 10 A
many advantages over other types of variable voltage
Module with integrated Instrumentation through LCD
(auto-linear drive frequency, etc...), Among which are the
display and magnitude selector push button:
following:
- Voltmeter
• Reduced volume: Single and three-phase generator
with its instrumentation in a single module. - Ammeter
• Improved performance: incorporates power electronic - Wattmeter (active, reactive and apparent)
circuits returning power to the mains. - Power Factor Meter
• Safety: Incorporates protection against overloads - Phase angle meter to measure the angle between
and short circuits, as well as safety terminals for user voltage and current
protection. - Frequency
• Accuracy and resolution: electronic control of electrical
quantities (voltage amplitude). Incorporates electronic protection, protecting the module
• Instrumentation built into the module itself. against overloads and short circuits.
• Interconnection with other elements of the BNC-
199 Test Bench and control from the PC with DIANA
software.
Ø5.1
ERR V ERR I
Ø6.5
9 X 53.5
9 X 53.5
4
+15V
62.5 X 32.5
electrical machines
I V
INT INT
EXT PC EXT
-15V Ø9.25 PC
M10X0.75
0 ֯10.1
+10V
V A
0 1V/25V
1.5V/A Ø10.2
3V/A Ø10.2
1V/35V
10A
Ø10.1
I Module L L L
Ø12.5
L Ø12.5 Ø12.5 L
Ø12.5 Ø12.5
CTR-199
Ø12.5 Ø12.5 Ø12.5
N N N N N
Ø12.5 Ø12.5 Ø12.5
9 X 53.5 (r=0)
Ø3.3
P Ø10.1 VRMS
Ø3.3
Q
Ø3.3
S
Ranura
+10Vde 2.6mm de ancho Ø10.2 1
Union between BNC-199 bench and test bench, allowing
Ø9 (los puntos indican el comienzo y el final) CN H
cosφ
Ø3.3 CN H cos S3
C
(E1 - E2)
φ
Ø3.3 -10V
Ø10.2 CN H
2
set values to be applied to the bench and their signals to
Ø3.3
f E2 S2
VRMS
0V
9 X 101.8 (r=0)
9 X 101.8
INT Ø10.2
EXT PC
be read. Ø10.5
Ø10.2
BLK2
Ø10.2
1
• Two blocks are available to calculate the true efficient
E1 S1 CN H
0 Ø10.1
÷ +10V
10
Ø10.5
12.9x19.2 VRMS
0 ÷ 250V 50 60 +10V Ø10.2
CN H
2 D
values of two signals and the power factor between cos S3
CN H
(E1 - E2)
-10V
Ø10.2 0V
Ø10.1 Ø2 Ø10.1 E2 S2
16 / them. 0V
Ø10.2
VRMS
1
• Organizes the analogue inputs and outputs of the CN CN H
G
CN
(L1) (L1-L2)
0.5Nm/V
Ø10.2 1V/Nm
Ø10.2 CN H
2 E
SAD450 DIANA as needed by the DIANA software for
Ø10.1
Ø12.5
Ø10.1
Ø12.5
T T
0V
BNC 199
automatic confi
L guration of the test. L Ø12.5 Ø12.5 Ø12.5
CN H
Ø10.2 Ø10.2 0V
P.E. 230V P.E.
0V -10V
Ref: MDULCTR199
SAD450M
PC Control Module
The outputs have no switch and will be accessible both 8 Analog Inputs: 12 bits of resolution.
from the socket and from the connector at all times.
4 electrical machines
DIANA software - machine control and simulation
Diana software can be used with a stand-alone PC, networked or over the Internet. It not only controls
the test bench and machines under test but also includes powerful mathematical models which allow the
comparison of real world results with simulation. Students can familiarise themselves with experimental
procedures before entering the laboratory.
When used over a network Diana allows multiple students to interact with one set of hardware reducing
costs and providing a scalable environment for studying machines.
simple
in network
internet
CONDUCTING A TEST
1. Description of the
test 5. Performing the test
Once the definition of the test
You can enter a title and is complete it can be launched
description that includes and the status of the signals of
images about the practice. interest can be monitored.
2. Definition of
assembly 6. Test bench Network
The test is applied and transmitted to
The items chosen as
a ProLAB through the local network or
part of the test, their
Internet.
interconnection and
Local test bench
instrumentation through a
block diagram. ProLAB is connected to the PC directly.
Simulated test bench
3. Real elements
The block diagram is
Advanced machine simulators incorporated
by DIANA offer a result tightly adjusted to
translated to real elements reality without the need for any hardware.
DIANA offers various
possibilities for each
element and shows how to
7. Analysis of the results
In each test a set of signals
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do the actual connection. are collected a signal that
is stored in the results. With
4. Chronogram
The signals which are sent
DIANA signals can be viewed,
compared, operations can be
and received from and carried out among them and
to the test elements are filters can even be applied.
configured in this section
(units, signal shape and its
timer).
8. Document
A DIANA wizard generates
personalised reports on the
work carried out with graphic
and numerical information.
Automation
Control and testing with
electrical machines CM-281
Designed to study the operating principles of electric machines, allows for commissioning,
testing on empty and loaded to obtain curves, etc.
It is composed by:
• 1 Set of didactic modules of instrumentation, power, supply, and control.
• 1 Set of rheostats.
• 1 Vertical frame with 36 spaces on two tiers.
• 1 Set of accessories
• Manual
[ ]
20 /
Rheostats
Set of resistive loads equipped with 4 mm safety terminals for a fast
connection to electrical machines under study. The electrical parts are
protected from shock by electrically insulated metal casing.
Automation
Mains voltage electric
automatisms MT-332
Teaching equipment for the study of different types of operations with single and three
phase electric motors. Allows electric automatism practices and exercises to be carried out:
commissioning and typical operation, interlocks, rotation inversions, protection, etc. They also
allow the simulation and testing of any type of automation.
• 1 desktop frame.
• 1 modular set of elements: protection modules and
control and signalling modules.
• 1 set of accessories: operating practices, safety
plugs, fuses, spare parts, etc.
Ref: 9EQMT332SE
Educational
Transformers
For the study and interconnection of different types of three-phase and single-phase
transformers.
23 /
Ref: 9EQAT38221
4 electrical machines
KMQ120 dissectible machines
KMQ-120
Kit of rotary electric machines
This equipment is meant for the study of the constitutive parts and fundamentals of the
functioning of the most common rotary electric machines.
In an easy way and with a reduced amount of parts, the following types of machines can be studied:
Panel Suitcase
This can be placed on the work surface or on a vertical It includes a series of parts (rotors, brush holders,
frame. The support disc is attached to the panel, being windings, polar parts, etc), which allow configuring
used for screwing on the various field poles. The shaft different rotary machines on a panel in a fast and easy
protrudes from the centre of the disc and this is where the way. The parts are the following: 25 /
different rotors are attached. • 1 Two-pole rotor
• 1 Three-pole rotor
An area has been set aside on the upper left-hand corner • 1 Twelve-pole rotor
of the panel for the attachment of a drive motor that will • 1 Squirrel cage rotor
allow experiments to be conducted with generators or • 1 Shaft
provide a braking torque for the motors. • 6 Narrow field poles
• 3 Wide field poles
The right-hand side of the panel has the area for electric • 6 Windings of 240 turns
connections, using interchangeable labels. These allow • 4 Windings of 1,400 turns
the quick and clear interconnection of the various windings • 5 Brushes
on the rotary machine subject to the experiment, providing • 1 Brush holder
the necessary information for its assembly. The areas the • 6 Light poles
label is subdivided into make it easy to distinguish the • 1 Drive motor with belts
electric connections both inside and outside the machine • Tools and screws
(connection board), without losing the perspective of a
real machine.
KMQ-100
BASIC kit of rotary electric machines
26 /
Although it has fewer options than the full kit, it may be a valid option, depending on the nature of the practical
activities to be held. Basically, the differences are as follows:
The assembly panel is smaller and can only be placed on the tabletop. It does not include the drive motor,
tachometer, power source or connexions area neither. In this way, the result is a compact assembly panel.
The set of machinery construction, which is more reduced, fits in a suitcase that contains the following:
Practical manuals.
This is a proposal of different activities that can be
carried out , with the list of the necessary components,
assembly and wiring instructions and the solutions for
the teacher.
4 electrical machines
AC & DC machines
Machines
AC & DC Electrical machines
The machines are designed to work under safety standards, and can work coupled with other
machines or independently.
To prevent user access to moving parts, the machine has built-in protectors in both axis
outputs. The handling of the protectors is defined in the manual of each machine. They also
incorporate a printed terminal block with safety terminals.
All electric machines are mounted on an aluminium bench with hooks at their ends so they
can be quickly and easily fitted together without tools.
• The system is compatible with BNC-199 bench.
• Machines are available for 50 and 60 Hz.
28 /
AC electrical machines
29 /
www.alecop.com
Loramendi 11
20500 Arrasate-Mondragón
Gipuzkoa (Spain)
Tel: +34 943 77 14 97
alecop@alecop.es