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    Mole Fraction of Ethanol VS Refractive Index: 3.0 Results and Discussion

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    Molike Honono
    This document discusses the results and analysis from an experiment on batch distillation. It contains the following key points: 1) A calibration curve was developed showing the linear relationship between the refractive index and mole fraction of ethanol in ethanol-water mixtures. This curve will be used to determine mole fractions in samples from the distillation column. 2) Based on an equilibrium diagram, it was determined that two theoretical trays are required to achieve the desired separation of ethanol and water with one reboiler under total reflux conditions. 3) The Murphree efficiency of the theoretical trays could not be accurately calculated due to the mole fractions between trays being too similar, with little observable deviation in values.

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    Mole Fraction of Ethanol VS Refractive Index: 3.0 Results and Discussion

    Uploaded by

    Molike Honono
    125 views4 pages
    This document discusses the results and analysis from an experiment on batch distillation. It contains the following key points: 1) A calibration curve was developed showing the linear relationship between the refractive index and mole fraction of ethanol in ethanol-water mixtures. This curve will be used to determine mole fractions in samples from the distillation column. 2) Based on an equilibrium diagram, it was determined that two theoretical trays are required to achieve the desired separation of ethanol and water with one reboiler under total reflux conditions. 3) The Murphree efficiency of the theoretical trays could not be accurately calculated due to the mole fractions between trays being too similar, with little observable deviation in values.

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    This document discusses the results and analysis from an experiment on batch distillation. It contains the following key points: 1) A calibration curve was developed showing the linear relationship between the refractive index and mole fraction of ethanol in ethanol-water mixtures. This curve will be used to determine mole fractions in samples from the distillation column. 2) Based on an equilibrium diagram, it was determined that two theoretical trays are required to achieve the desired separation of ethanol and water with one reboiler under total reflux conditions. 3) The Murphree efficiency of the theoretical trays could not be accurately calculated due to the mole fractions between trays being too similar, with little observable deviation in values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    125 views4 pages

    Mole Fraction of Ethanol VS Refractive Index: 3.0 Results and Discussion

    Uploaded by

    Molike Honono
    This document discusses the results and analysis from an experiment on batch distillation. It contains the following key points: 1) A calibration curve was developed showing the linear relationship between the refractive index and mole fraction of ethanol in ethanol-water mixtures. This curve will be used to determine mole fractions in samples from the distillation column. 2) Based on an equilibrium diagram, it was determined that two theoretical trays are required to achieve the desired separation of ethanol and water with one reboiler under total reflux conditions. 3) The Murphree efficiency of the theoretical trays could not be accurately calculated due to the mole fractions between trays being too similar, with little observable deviation in values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    3.

    0 Results and Discussion

    Experiment 1: Batch Distillation at Total Reflux


    Thirteen samples of ethanol and water mixture with different composition were
    prepared, and the refractive index as a function of composition of each, was measured using
    refractometer.

    Mole Fraction of Ethanol VS Refractive Index


    1.37
    f(x) = 0.03 x + 1.35
    R² = 0.63
    1.36

    1.35
    Refractive Index

    1.34

    1.33

    1.32

    1.31
    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
    Mole Fraction of Ethanol

    Figure 3.1: Graph of refractive index vs. composition of ethanol and water mixture
    Based on the calibration curve above, the refractive index of solution increases
    gradually when the mole fraction of ethanol increases. From figure 3.1, a linear equation
    which represents the gradient of the curve is obtained which is y = 0.0261x + 1.3452 and R 2
    is 0.627. This equation that obtained from the graph will be used in calculating the mole
    fraction of ethanol, where x represents the mole fraction of ethanol, and y represents the
    refractive index of sample mixture obtained from the distillation column.
    To Determine the Number of Theoretical Plates

    Figure 3.2: X-Y equilibrium diagram for Ethanol-water system

    Figure 3.3: X-Y equilibrium diagram for Ethanol-water system with trays
    Based on Figure 3.2, the number of theoretical trays is observed to be 2 trays with
    one reboiler. Thus, this result has indicated that 2 trays are required in order to achieve the
    desired degree of separation in the total reflux distillation process. In fact, total reflux is the
    operating condition where vapor and liquid are passing each other in the column but no
    product is being removed (i.e. D = 0 and R = L/D = ∞). The top product in the column
    consists of mainly ethanol and only small amount of water is recycled and enters again at
    feed. In the graph, the entire area between the equilibrium curve and diagonal line is used for
    separation, with the largest possible driving force. This condition of infinite reflux ratio is
    known as the Total Reflux, and for a specified separation (i.e. fixed xD and xB), the number of
    theoretical stages required is a minimum, which means minimum trays are required under
    total reflux conditions since there is no withdrawal of distillate. In experiment, the total reflux
    can be achieved by reducing the feed to zero, returning all the overhead product back to the
    column as reflux and reboiling all the bottoms product.

    To calculate the Murphree Efficiency for Each Tray

    Figure 3.1d: Zoomed X-Y equilibrium diagram with trays and label of data

    The Murphree Tray Efficiency EM , is based on a semi-theoretical models that


    assumes that the vapour between trays is well-mixed (uniform composition), that the liquid in
    the downcomers and on the tray are well-mixed (uniform composition), and is of the same
    composition as the liquid in the downcomer leaving the tray. Normally, more stages are
    required to get the desired separation. Murphree tray efficiency can be calculated for each

    y n− y n +1
    tray using the formula, ¿ . According to result mentioned before, 2 theoretical trays is
    y n − y n+1
    obtained from the experiment and the efficiency of these trays should be calculated.
    However, the Murphree tray efficiency is hard to calculate in this experiment because there is
    only very little of difference between two values. The values of mole fraction between each
    tray are very near until no obvious deviations are shown in the values.

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