Factors Influencing Well Completion Design

BY
Dr.T.K.NAIYA
Department of Petroleum Engineering
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad – 826004
Factors Influencing Well Completion Design
Completion is the lowest cost completion that needs or nearly made the demand played upon a
form the most of his life. To intelligently design will completion, a reasonable estimate of
producing characteristics during the life overwhelm must be made. Both reservoir and
mechanical considerations must be evaluated.
Reservoir considerations
Reservoir under consideration was the location of various fluids in the formation of penetrated by
wellbore , the flow of these fluids to the reservoir rock, and characteristic of rock itself.
Producing rate to provide maximum economic recovery is often the starting point for the
completion design. Among other factors producing rate should determine the size of the
producing conduit.
Multiple reservoirs penetrated by a well pose the problem of multiple completion in one
drilled hole. Possibilities include multiple completion inside casing separated by packer, are
several strings of smaller casing cemented in one bore hole to provide effect separate wells.
Other possibilities include the commingling of hydrocarbons from separate reservoir downhole, or
drilling several borehole from one surface location.
Mechanical considerations
Mechanical considerations or "well hook up" is often the key to being able to deplete the reservoir
effectively, monitor down performance, and modify the well situation when necessary.
The mechanical consideration of well is the key to being able to do what ought to be done in the
well promised a standpoint of controlling the offer reservoir of fluids, oil, gas and water.
Formation damages related to the well hookup, both minimising damage initially and relieving the
effects of the damage. Mechanically will commission design is a complex engineering problem.
Basic philosophy is to design as they signal complete condition well condition and area
conditions.
1. Maximise profit
2. Keep the installation simple
3. Overall reliability
4. Anticipate all operating conditions
5. Safety
Basic decisions to be reached in designing the well completion are ::-
1. The methods of completion

2. The number of completions within the well go
3. The casing tubing configuration
4. The diameter of the production conduit
5. The completion interval
Methods of completion::-
Basically there are two methods of completing a well,
 Open Hole: - Where casing is set on the top of the producing toward.
 Perforated Casing Completion:- Where casing is cemented through the producing interval
and communication is established by perforating.
Each method has a day of predominant use depending on formation characteristics. Generally
open hole has greater application Cabinet Jones. But each has inherent advantages and
limitations.
Open hole completion

Advantages::
1. Adaptable to special drilling techniques to minimise formation damage, or to prevent loss

circulation into the producing zone.
2. With gravel back, provides excellent stand control method where productivity is important.
3. No perforating expense.
4. Log interpretation is not critical since entire interval is open.
5. For the diameter opposite pay.
6. Easily converted to linear or perforated completion.
Limitations::
1. Excessive gas or water production difficult to control.

2. Selective fracing or digitising more difficult.
3. Requires more rig time on completion.
4. Chasing set" in the dark"before the pay is drilled or logged.
5. May require frequent clean out.
Perforated completion::
Advantages
1. Excessive gas or water production can be controlled more easyly.

2. Can be selectively stimulated.
3. Logs and formation samples available to assist in the decision to set casing or abandon.
4. Full diameter opposite pay.
5. Easily deepened.
6. Well control most sands, and adaptable to special stand control techniques.
7. Adaptable to multiple completion techniques.
8. Minimum rate time on completion
Limitations
1. Most of perforating long zones may be significant.

2. Not adaptable to special drilling techniques to minimise formation damage.
3. Log interpretation sometimes critical in order not to miss, commercial sands, yet the well
perforating submarginal zones.
Conventional tubular configuration
Single zone completion ::-

Factors leading to the selection of single zone conventional completions, as opposed to
miniaturized completions, multiple inside casing completions of multiple tubing less completions
are: highly producing rates - corrosive well fluids - high pressure -governmental policies -
operator tradition.
Various hookups are possible depending on objectives. Basic questions concerned use of tubing
and packers. Many wells are produced without tubing. This possibility should always be
considered.
Valid reasons for tubing may include:
1. Better flow efficiency.
2. Permit circulation of the kill fluids, corrosion inhibitors, or paraffin solvents.
3. The provide multiple flow paths for artificial lift system
4. Provide means of monitoring bottom hole flowing pressure.
5. Protect casing from corrosion, abrasion, or pressure.
Tubing should be done open ended and set highest alternate completion interval to permit thru-
tubing wire line surveys and remedial work. And packers should be run only where it
accomplices are valid objectives such as ::
-improve or stabilize flow
-protect casing from well fluids are pressure however it should be recognized that use of
that the main trees pressure on casing in the event of tubing leak
-content pressure in conjunction with an artificial lift system or safety shut in system
-holder and annular well killing fluid.
:: Effect of Tubing and Packer ::
Effect of tubing, with or without the packer, on well pressure gradient is under various condition
should be recognised.
Tubing without packer(flowing well):-Presented a situation for oil well and at gas well with
tubing "swung". The annulus act as a separator, does with a gas gradient in annulus , annular
well and pressure is almost equal to bottom compressor for the oil or gas well .
For the gas well, well head annular pressure is slightly greater with tubing than without tubing.
For the oil well, well head analogue pressure is considerably greater with tubing installed due to
the gas gradient in the annulus. In the gas well the chances of tubing leak, with tubing swung ,
are nil ; thus, there is no justification for a premium tubing joint. Chances of a casing leak can't
sincerely the same as with tubing has not been done.
With the oil well, chances of tubing leak a maximised. Press the differential is from annulus to
tubing , in the event of a shallow tubing leak, the well head annular pressure will drop as fluids
level moves upward in the annulus.
Tubing with packer(flowing well):-Tuning and annulus pressure gradient for an all well and
at gas well with tubing set on a packer. The analysis will delegate providing a slight overburden
above shut in formation pressure. For the oil well differential pressure across the tubing is now
quite a small, and the chance of tubing leak is nil. The same can be said for the chance of a
casing leak assuming normal formation pressure.
The for the gas well differential pressure across the tubing increases to a maximum near the
surface . Chances for near surface tubing leak are maximised due to an unfavourable situation
as regards to tubing load and temperature chances.
Effect of tubing leak(flowing well):- In gas well, chances are that a caller leak the locker
that a shallow depth since
-pressure differential is greatest
-tubing tensile load is greatest
-temperature fluctuations are greatest
Tubing press the rapid on the top of the pressure gradient of a high weight column can
rupture casing down hole.
One solution to this gas well situation is to use light liquid in the annulus, then add pressure on
top to more nearly match the tubing gradient. This reduces tubing leak probability, provides that
the retrievability of packers, and permits monitoring of casing pressure to better determind
condition of tubing and casing.
Multiple zone completion

Factors leading to selection of multiple completion are: higher producing rate, faster payout, and
reservoir control requirements. Numerous configurations are possible utilising single or multiple
strings of tubing.
Single string-single packer::-there are both tubing and annulus flow. This is lowest cost
conventional dual.
Limitations
1. Upper zone cannot be produced through tubing, unless lower zone is blanked off.
2. Casing subject to pressure and corrosion
3. Only lower zone can be artificially lifted
4. Upper zone stands production may stick tubing
5. Workover of upper zone requires killing lower zone
Single string- Dual packer::
There is both tubing and annulus flow. Advantages that crossover/permits upper zone to be
flowed through tubing.
Limitations
1. Casing subject to pressure and corrosion

2. Must kill both zones for workover of upper zone
Parallels string - multiple packers::

Advantages
1. Can lift several zones simultaneously
2. Concentric tubing and wireline workovers practical in all zone.
Limitations
1. High cost
2. Susceptibility to tubing and packer leak
3. Hesitation to perform stimulation treatments or work over of individual zones
Single string - multiple packer::
Advantages:-
1. Producing section can be opened a close by use of wireline
Limitations:-
1. Difficulty of monitoring flow from individuals zone

2. Difficulty of treating are even the perforating individuals zone unless well is killed and tubing is
pulled.

Factors Influencing Well Completion Design

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What are the two main methods of well completion?

What are the two main methods of well completion?

What are some advantages and limitations of open hole completion?

What are some advantages and limitations of open hole completion?

BY

Factors Influencing Well Completion Design

1. The methods of completion

Open hole completion

1. Adaptable to special drilling techniques to minimise formation damage, or to prevent loss

1. Excessive gas or water production difficult to control.

1. Excessive gas or water production can be controlled more easyly.

1. Most of perforating long zones may be significant.

Conventional tubular configuration

Single zone completion ::-

Multiple zone completion

1. Casing subject to pressure and corrosion

Parallels string - multiple packers::

1. Producing section can be opened a close by use of wireline

1. Difficulty of monitoring flow from individuals zone

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