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Delhi Public School Bokaro Steel City Class - 6 Sub: Geography

Longitudes are imaginary vertical lines that run north to south around the Earth and are used to determine locations east or west of the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, UK. They converge at the poles and are divided into 360 lines. Longitudes help determine time zones as the Earth rotates daily and locations experience daylight at different times depending on their longitude. India uses 82.5°E as its standard meridian and sets its national time zone, called Indian Standard Time (IST), at 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

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87 views

Delhi Public School Bokaro Steel City Class - 6 Sub: Geography

Longitudes are imaginary vertical lines that run north to south around the Earth and are used to determine locations east or west of the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, UK. They converge at the poles and are divided into 360 lines. Longitudes help determine time zones as the Earth rotates daily and locations experience daylight at different times depending on their longitude. India uses 82.5°E as its standard meridian and sets its national time zone, called Indian Standard Time (IST), at 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

Uploaded by

Priyanshu Kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

BOKARO STEEL CITY


CLASS -6
SUB: GEOGRAPHY
CH-2 -LATITUDES & LONGITUDES
TOPIC: LONGITUDES AND TIME

By: Nimisha Rani


30/7/20
Longitudes:
◦ Longitude is the angular distance of any place east or west of the Prime Meridian. These are imaginary
vertical lines which run in north-south direction on the earth.
Features of Longitudes:

1) These are imaginary vertical lines drawn in north-south direction.

◦ 2) Longitudes are converging lines and they meet at the poles.

◦ 3) All longitudes are semi circles and are of same size.

◦ 4) The distance between longitudes decreases steadily pole wards until it becomes zero at the poles,
where all the meridians meet.

◦ 5) There are total 360 lines of longitudes.

◦ 6) Prime Meridian at zero degree is the most important line of longitude, which passes from Greenwich
near London in UK, where British Royal Observatory is located which fixes the world time zones.
How latitudes are different from longitudes?

◦ LATITUDES LONGITUDES
1) These are horizontal lines drawn in east-west direction These are vertical lines drawn in north-south direction
2) All latitudes are circles and of different size All longitudes are semi circles and of same size
3) Latitudes are parallel lines, they never meet Longitudes are converging lines and they meet at poles
4) Latitudes are 181 including equator Longitudes are 360 in total
5) Equator at 0 degree is the most important latitude Prime Meridian at 0 degree is most important longitude
6) It helps to know earth’s heat zones It helps to know the world’s time zones.
Longitude and Time:

▪ The earth moves or rotates on its axis once taking 24 hours (24x60min=1440 min).
▪ One rotation means earth moving 360 degree from west to east in one day.
▪ Therefore, we can say 360 degree in 24 hours or 1440 min.
▪ Then, 1 degree in -1440/360 = 4 min. (So earth moves 1 degree in 4min )
▪ If in 4 min=1 degree
So in 1min=1/4 degree
And 60 min or 1 hour=1/4x60=15 degree. ( In 1 hour earth will move 15 degree)
In short, the earth rotates 360° in about 24 hours, which means 15° an hour. Thus, when it is 12 noon at Greenwich,
the time at 15° east of Greenwich will be 15 X 4 = 60 minutes, i.e., 1 hour ahead of Greenwich time, which
means 1 p.m.
But at 15° west of Greenwich, the time will be behind Greenwich time by one hour, i.e., it will be 11.00
a.m.
Similarly, at 180° E and W, it will be midnight when it is 12 noon at Greenwich.
Longitude and Time:
◦ A line of longitude is also called a meridian, derived from the Latin, from meri, which denotes "middle“ OR “mid”,
and diem, meaning "day."
◦ Thus the word meridian means mid day sun or "noon“.
◦ As the Earth rotates around its axis, at any moment one line of longitude--"the noon meridian“ faces the Sun, and at
that moment, it will be noon everywhere on it.
➢ Therefore, the times of the day before noon were known as "ante meridian“ (a.m) while times after it were "post
meridian." (p.m)
➢ Two important concepts, related to longitude are Local time (LT) and Standard Time.
➢ The sun regularly rises and sets every day, and naturally, it is the best time-keeper throughout the world. Local time can
be reckoned by the shadow cast by the sun. When the Prime Meridian of Greenwich has the sun at the highest point in
the sky, all the places along this meridian will have mid-day or noon. This is the local time at Greenwich called GMT,
which sets universal time for the whole world.
➢ Local time depends on overhead sun i.e noon. Every meridian will have overhead sun once in 24 hours.
➢ Standard time is the local time of any one chosen standard meridian ( central line) as per the international rule, which
has been fixed for the entire place or country.
Longitude and Time:

◦ Longitudes are measured from zero degree( Prime Meridian) to 180° east and 180° west, and both 180-degree
longitudes share the same line, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
◦ The 180 degree east and west meridian which crosses over waterbodies in zig zag manner to avoid the problem
and confusion of day and time is called the International date line.
➢Following the 180th meridian where by common agreement, whenever we cross it, the date gaining one day
(going west) or losing a day (going east), as sun rises in east and sets in west.
➢That line passes the Bering Strait between Alaska and Siberia, which thus have different dates, but for most of its
course it runs in mid-ocean to avoid confusion of date and time.
Indian Standard Meridian

➢In India, there will be a difference of about 1 hour and 45 minutes in the local times of Gujarat and
Arunachal Pradesh.

➢It is, therefore, necessary to adopt the local time of some central meridian of a country as the standard
time for the country.

➢India has chosen 82° 30’E as the standard meridian. The local time at this meridian is taken as the
standard time for the whole country. It is known as the Indian Standard Time (IST).

➢82° 30’E passes from the middle of the country and is divisible by 7.5 (either 15 or 7.5).

➢ It passes from Mirzapur in UP and its time i.e IST is followed by the entire country.

➢India’s IST ( Indian Standard Time) is 5 hours and 30 min ahead of GMT ( Greenwich Mean Time).
ASSIGNMENT:
◦ 1) Prime meridian passes from which place in UK?
◦ 2) What is the name given to 180 degree east and west meridian ?

◦ 3) If it is 12 noon at Greenwich then what will be the time at New Delhi?


◦ 4) Why International date line is drawn in zig zag manner over oceans?
◦ 5) Which meridian has been chosen as India’s standard meridian?
◦ 6)What does IST stands for?
◦ 7) How many longitudes are there in total?
◦ 8) Where do longitudes converge?
◦ 9) How many time zones are there?
◦ 10) What is the meaning of meridian?

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