OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS

In this experiment, you will perform a series of redox reactions. You will identify
the oxidizing and reducing agents and the products in each reaction based on your
observations. To help you identify products you will note the characteristic colors of
solutions and perform identification tests. No reaction is also a possible observation.

Objectives:

1. To identify and investigate the behavior of some common oxidizing and reducing agents.
2. To write net ionic equations for oxidation-reduction reactions.

Note: Chlorine bleach is a basic solution of sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl. When a bleach
solution is acidified, hypochlorous acid, HOCl, is produced. The HOCl decomposes to
gives Cl2. Both HOCl and Cl2 are oxidizing agents and may be involved in the reaction.
For convenience in writing the redox reactions, use Cl2 (aq) as the reactant in solution using
acidified bleach.

Reactions using acidified bleach, Cl2 (aq), and Br2 (aq) must be done in the hood.

Procedure:

Part 1: Color of Solutions and Ions:

1. Observe the colors of the following solutions and use your observations to deduce the
colors of the species listed in Table 1 (a) KCI (b) HNO3 (c) Mg(NO3)2 (d) Cu(NO3)2
(e) K2Cr2O7 (f) K2CrO4 (g) CrCl3 (h) MnCl2 (i) KMnO4 (j) FeCl3 (k) H2SO4 (l) FeSO4
(m) KI (n) I2 (o) H2O2

Part 2: Metal - Metal Ion Couple

1. Place 2 mL of 0.1M Mg(NO3)2 in a test tube. Add a small piece of copper wire. Let the
mixture stand for a few minutes. Record your observations in Table 2.

2. Place 2 mL of 0.1M Cu(NO3)2 in a test tube. Add a small piece of magnesium ribbon.
Let the mixture stand for a few minutes. Record your observations in Table 2.

Part 3: Sulfite - Sulfate Ion Couple

1. Add 5 drops of 0.1M BaCl2 to 10 drops of 0.1M Na2SO3. Record your observations in
Table 3. Add 10 drops of 6M HCl. Record your observations in Table 3.

2. Add 5 drops of 0.1M BaCl2 to 10 drops of 0.1M Na2SO4. Record your observations in
Table 3. Add 10 drops of 6M HCl. Record your observations in Table 3.

3. Place 3 mL of 0.1M Na2SO3 solution in a test tube. Add one mL of 6M HCl. Add ten
drops of 0.02M KMnO4. Add a few drops of 0.1M BaCl2 solution. Record your

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observations in Table 3.

4. Repeat step 3 using four drops of 0.1M K2Cr2O7 solution instead of KMnO4. Record
your observations in Table 3.

5. Repeat step 3 using a few drops of chlorine bleach instead of KMnO4. Record your
observations in Table 3.

6. Repeat step 3 using a few drops 16M HNO3 instead of KMnO4. Record your
observations in Table 3.

Part 4: Chromium (III) - Chromate Ion Couple

1. Place one mL of 0.1M CrCl3 solution in a test tube. Add three mL of 6M NaOH. Stir
the solution while adding 6% H2O2 dropwise until a change occurs. If no color change is
noted, gently warm the solution. It may be necessary to add a little more H2O2. Record
your observations in Table 4.

2. Place one mL of 0.1M K2CrO4 solution in a test tube. Add 6M HNO3 until the solution
is orange. Add one mL of HNO3 in excess. Stir the solution while adding 6% H2O2
dropwise until a change occurs. Record your observations in Table 4.

Part 5: Fe+2 - Fe+3 Ion Couple

1. Add a drop of 0.1M potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) to 10 drops of 0.1M FeCl3. Record
your observations in Table 5.

2 Add one drop of 0.3M potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6) to 10 drops of freshly

prepared 0.1M Fe(NH4)(SO4)2. Record your observations in Table 5.

3. Add two drops of 3M H2SO4 and 4 drops of 0.02M KMnO4 to two mL of freshly
prepared 0.1M Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 solution. Test for the presence of Fe+3 ions by adding one
drop of 0.1M KSCN. Record your observations in Table 5.

4. Add six drops of 6M HNO3 to one mL of freshly prepared 0.1M Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2

solution. Test the solution for Fe+3 ions by adding one drop of 0.1M KSCN solution.
Record your observations in Table 5.

5. Add two drops of 3M H2SO4 and 4 drops of 0.1M K2Cr2O7 to two mL of freshly
prepared 0.1M Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 solution. Test for the presence of Fe+3 ions by adding one
drop of 0.1M KSCN. Record your observations in Table 5.

6. Add one mL of 0.1M KI solution to two mL of 0.1M FeCl3 solution. Test for the
presence of Fe+2 ions by adding a drop of 0.1M K3Fe(CN)6. Note any evidence of I2. The
presence of I2 may be more readily detected by adding one mL of hexane and stirring. A
purple color in the hexane layer indicates the presence of iodine. Record your

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observations in Table 5.

7. Add two drops of 6M NaOH and 4 drops of 0.02M KMnO4 to two mL of freshly pre-
pared 0.1M Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 solution. Test for the presence of Fe+3 ions by adding one
drop of 0.1M KSCN. Record your observations in Table 5.

8. Place two mL of freshly prepared 0.1M Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 solution in a test tube. Add one
mL of 6M HCl. Add a few drops of chlorine bleach. Test for the presence of Fe+3 ions by
adding one drop of 0.1M KSCN. Record your observations in Table 5.

9. Place one mL of 0.1M FeCl3 in a test tube. Add one mL of 0.1M SnCl2. Test for the
presence of Fe+2 ions by adding a drop of 0.1M K3Fe(CN)6. Record your observations in
Table 5.

Part 6: H+1 - Metal Couple

1. Place a small piece of Mg in a test tube. Add 1 mL of 6M HCl. Record your

observations in Table 6.

2. Place a small piece of Cu in a test tube. Add 1 mL of 6M HCl. Record your

observations in Table 6

3. Place a small piece of Ca metal in water. Record your observations in Table 6.

Part 7: I2 - I-1 Ion Couple

1. Add 10 drops of 0.001M aqueous I2 solution to a test tube. Add 0.1M Na2S2O3 to the
solution until a color change occurs. Add a few drops of 0.1M AgNO3. Record your
observations in Table 7.

2. Add 10 drops of 0.001M aqueous I2 solution to a test tube. Add one mL of 6M HCl.
Add 6% H2O2 to the solution until a color change occurs. Add a few drops of 0.1M
AgNO3. Record your observations in Table 7.

Part 8: Halogen - Halide Ion Couple

1. Place one mL of 0.1M KBr solution in a test tube. Add one mL of 6M HCl. Add a few
drops of chlorine bleach. Note any evidence of Br2. The presence of Br2 may be more
readily detected by adding one mL of hexane and stirring. Record your observations in
Table 8.

2. Place one mL of 0.1M KI solution in a test tube. Add one mL of 6M HCl. Add a few
drops of chlorine bleach. Note any evidence of I2. The presence of I2 may be more readily
detected by adding one mL of hexane and stirring. Record your observations in Table 8.

3. Place one mL of 0.1M KI solution in a test tube. Add a few drops of an aqueous Br2
solution. Note any evidence of I2. The presence of I2 may be more readily detected by

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adding one mL of hexane and stirring. Record your observations in Table 8.

Part 9: Metal - NO3-1 Ion Couple

1. Place a small piece of Cu in a test tube. Add one mL of 0.1M NaNO3. Record your
observations in Table 9.

2. Place a small piece of Cu in a test tube. Add one mL of 6M HNO3. Record your
observations in Table 9.

This experiment is adapted from “Exp 17-2 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions” in Laboratory Experiments for
Foundations of Chemistry by Toon and Ellis, published by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston 1973.

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 NAME:________________________

COURSE:________SECTION_________

LAB PARTNER:_________________________

DATE:_________________________

Data: OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS

Table 1 Color of Solutions and Ions

Substance Color of Solution Ions Color of Ions
KCl K+1
KCl Cl-1
HNO3 H+1
HNO3 NO3-1
Mg(NO3)2 Mg+2
Cu(NO3)2 Cu+2
K2Cr2O7 Cr2O7-2
K2CrO4 CrO4-2
CrCl3 Cr+3
MnCl2 Mn+2
KMnO4 MnO4-1
FeCl3 Fe+3
H2SO4 SO4-2
FeSO4 Fe+2
KI I-1
I2
H2O2

Table 2 Metal - Metal Ion Couple

Reaction Observations Product of Product of Oxidizing Reducing
Oxidation Reduction Agent Agent

Mg+2 + Cu

Cu+2 + Mg

Table 3 The Sulfite - Sulfate Ion Couple

Ion to Be Identified Reagent (s) to be Added Observations

SO3-2 BaCl2 and HCl

SO4-2 BaCl2 and HCl

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Reaction Test for SO4-2 Evidence of Product of Product of Oxidizing Reducing
(positive or Change in Added Oxidation Reduction Agent Agent
negative) Reagent

SO3-2 + MnO4-1 + H+1

SO3-2 + Cr2O7-2 + H+1

SO3-2 + Cl2 + H+1

SO3-2 + NO3-1 + H+1

Table 4 The Chromium (III) Ion - Chromate Ion Couple

Reaction Observations Product of Product of Oxidizing Reducing
Oxidation Reduction Agent Agent

Cr+3 + H2O2
(basic solution)

CrO4-2 + H2O2
(acid solution)

Table 5 The Iron(II) Ion-Iron(III) Ion Couple

Ion to Be Identified Reagent to Be Added Observations

Fe+3 KSCN

Fe+2 K3Fe(CN)6

Reaction Observations Product of Product of Oxidizing Reducing

Oxidation Reduction Agent Agent

Fe+2 + MnO4-1
(acid solution)

Fe+2 + HNO3

Fe+2 + Cr2O7-2
(acid solution)

Fe+3 + I-1

Reaction Observations Product of Product of Oxidizing Reducing

Oxidation Reduction Agent Agent
Fe+2 + MnO4-1
(basic solution)
Fe+2 + Cl2
(acid solution)
Fe+3 + Sn+2

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Table 6 H+1 - Metal Ion Couple
Reaction Observations Product of Product of Oxidizing Reducing
Oxidation Reduction Agent Agent

Mg + H+1

Cu + H+1

Ca + H2O

Table 7 I2 - I-1 Ion Couple

Reaction Observation Product of Product of Oxidizing Reducing
Observation Reduction Agent Agent
I2 + S2O3-2

I2 + H2O2

Table 8 Halogen - Halide Ion Couple

Reaction Observations Product of Product of Oxidizing Reducing
Oxidation Reduction Agent Agent
Br-1 + Cl2
(acid solution)
I-1 + Cl2
(acid solution)
I-1 + Br2

Reaction Observation Product of Product of Oxidizing Reducing

Observation Reduction Agent Agent
Cu + NO3-1-
(neutral
solution)
Cu + NO3-1-
(acid solution)

QUESTIONS:
1. Under what conditions did H2O2 act as an oxidizing agent? Under what conditions did
H2O2 act as an oxidizing agent a reducing agent?

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2. Write balanced equations for the identification reactions Tables 3 and 5. Are any of
these oxidation-reduction reactions? Justify your answer.

3. Use the data in Tables 3, 4, 5, and 8 to write balanced ionic equations for each of the
redox reactions. Your observations may not have permitted you to determine that one
product for hydrogen peroxide reacting in the basic solution was water and in acidic
solution was oxygen gas. The brownish gas, which you may have observed in reactions
of NO3-1, was nitrogen dioxide, NO2. Colorless NO gas is sometimes produced in
reactions of NO3-1. The NO gas reacts with the oxygen in the air to produce NO2.

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