Handbook of Practical Gear Design (Mechanical Engineering Series)

http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Gear
http://www.gearshub.com/gear-classification.html
http://www.public.asu.edu/~smurshed/academic/assignments/gear_classification.pdf
http://www.globalspec.com/reference/45193/203279/chapter-5-power-transmission
Gear geometry and applied theory - by, Faydor L litvin, Alfonso Fuentus
Handbook of Practical Gear Design (Mechanical Engineering Series)

[Hardcover]
Stephen P. Radzevich (Author), Darle W. Dudley (Author)
Parallel Shafts
These are the class of gears that best describes those that mesh in the
same plane. They are typically applied for transmission of rotary
motion in between parallel shafts. The advantages includes good
transmission of power and very high efficiency. They are ideal for high
horsepower applications, where importance is given to long-term
operational efficiency. The following image shows Parallel shaft class
of the Gears.
Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They
consist of a cylinder or disk with the teeth projecting radially, and although they are not straight-sided in
form, the edge of each tooth is straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. These gears can be
meshed together correctly only if they are fitted to parallel axles.
Helical gears offer a refinement over spur gears. The leading edges of the teeth are not parallel to the
axis of rotation, but are set at an angle. Since the gear is curved, this angling causes the tooth shape to
be a segment of a helix. Helical gears can be meshed in a parallel or crossed orientations. The former
refers to when the shafts are parallel to each other; this is the most common orientation. In the latter,
the shafts are non-parallel.
Double helical gears, or herringbone gear, overcome the problem of axial thrust presented by "single"
helical gears by having two sets of teeth that are set in a V shape. Each gear in a double helical gear can
be thought of as two standard mirror image helical gears stacked. This cancels out the thrust since each
half of the gear thrusts in the opposite direction. Double helical gears are more difficult to manufacture
due to their more complicated shape.
A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which convert rotational
motion into linear motion. The circular pinion engages teeth on a linear "gear" bar–the rack. Rotational
motion applied to the pinion will cause the rack to move to the side, up to the limit of its travel. For
example, in a rack railway, the rotation of a pinion mounted on a locomotive or a railcar engages a rack
between the rails and pulls a train along a steep slope.
A ‘rack and pinion’ gears system looks quite unusual. However, it is still composed of two gears. The
‘pinion’ is the normal round gear and the ‘rack’ is straight or flat. The ‘rack’ has teeth cut in it and they
mesh with the teeth of the pinion gear.
Intersecting Shafts
These class of gears are specifically designed for smooth transmission of
power and motion between angular intersecting shafts. They are most
suitable for applications that need high load capacity. They are also less
costly than parallel shaft gears. They are typically used for applications
requiring speed, and strength. The following is the image of Intersecting
Shaft Gears.
Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect and the tooth-bearing faces of the
gears themselves are conically shaped. Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90
degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well. The pitch surface of bevel gears is a
cone.
face gears are the gear wheel with cogs mortised into its face, usually in conjugation with a lantern
pinion. Face gear enables the transmission of drive through an angle. Their use in high power, high
precision applications have become popular. Face gears have high strength teeth and good contact
geometry, which give high torque capability. Face gears help to ensure accuracy and rigidity. It is
generated by a shaper cutter with the same diametrical pitch and pressure angle as the pinion. Pressure
angle of a face gear is by calculating the shape of the tooth, the frontal pressure angle.
Worm gears resemble screws. A worm gear is usually meshed with an ordinary looking, disk-
shaped gear, which is called the gear, wheel, or worm wheel.
Worm-and-gear sets are a simple and compact way to achieve a high torque, low speed gear
ratio. For example, helical gears are normally limited to gear ratios of less than 10:1 while worm-
and-gear sets vary from 10:1 to 500:1.[11] A disadvantage is the potential for considerable sliding
action, leading to low efficiency.[12]
Hypoid Gears
Hypoid Gears are similar in their general form to bevel gears. However,
Hypoid Gears operate on non-intersecting axes. Hypoid Gears have spiral
teeth that are curved and oblique, with axes which may be at either right
angles or otherwise.

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