1.0 INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS COVID-19?

Coronavirus (CoV) is a virus that can cause respiratory tract infections. There are
several types of coronavirus such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS)
and Middle East Respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MER-CoV). The latest
Coronavirus found in China is Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).
Coronavirus or COVID-19 is a new corona virus and the Ministry of Health is in
constant contact with international organizations including the World Health Organization
(WHO) to study the characteristics and behavior of the virus.
MOH and world health bodies have no experience in dealing with the COVID-19
virus, however MOH has experience in dealing with other viruses in this group such as
SARS and MERS CoV.
In addressing the clusters or outbreaks of SARS and MERS CoV infections,
adherence to strict public health principles and the control of infections have allowed the
clusters or outbreaks of the disease to cease. The MoH is confident that by adopting the
same principles we will be able to successfully address this COVID-19 infection cluster.

The Coronavirus Covid-19 outbreak has become a pandemic and has become a
nationwide concern and concern. The term pandemic refers to an outbreak that is in a larger
scope and not limited to a community or district alone. There are three stages of the
epidemic based on the geography and area of the infection.
Coronavirus is a large family of viruses that can cause disease in animals or humans.
In humans, some coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections from common
colds to worse diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronavirus was recently found to cause COVID-19
coronavirus.
COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by the most recently discovered
coronavirus. These new viruses and diseases were not known before the outbreak in
Wuhan, China in December 2019.

1
 The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, and dry cough. Some
patients may experience aches and pains, runny nose, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhea.
These symptoms are usually mild and begin to develop. Some people are infected but do
not experience any symptoms and do not feel well. Most people (about 80%) recover from
the disease without the need for special treatment. About 1 out of every 6 people who have
COVID-19 has severe pain and difficulty breathing. Older people, and those with medical
problems such as high blood pressure, heart problems or diabetes, are more likely to
develop serious illnesses. People with fever, cough and difficulty breathing should seek
medical attention.
People can get COVID-19 from other people with the virus. The disease can spread
from person to person through small drops of nose or mouth spread when someone with
COVID-19 coughs or exhale. It drips across objects and surfaces around it. Other people get
COVID-19 by touching this object or surface, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth.
People can also get COVID-19 if they breathe in drops from someone with COVID-19 who
coughs or drops. That's why it's important to stay more than 1 meter (3 feet) away from a
sick person.

2.0 HISTORY BEHIND COVID-19

In Wuhan, in December 2019, the first group of cases showing signs of "pneumonia
for unknown reasons" was associated with a wholesale market for animals and seafood, and
had a thousand stalls selling chicken, meat, bats, marmots, venomous snakes. , deer and
other rabbit organs and wildlife (Ye wei), the wildlife, the immediate hypothesis is that this is
a new coronavirus from animal sources (zoonosis).
Coronaviruses are highly contagious in animals, but have been known to develop
and infect humans in the past as they have been diagnosed with nearly identical diseases
such as SARS, MERS along with four other human coronaviruses found to cause mild
respiratory symptoms such as common cold. The SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence is 75 to
80 percent similar to the SARS-CoV, and more than 85 percent similar to some
coronaviruses in bats. All coronaviruses known to infect humans have been shown to spread
among humans. [359] [360] The spread of coronaviruses is usually thought to occur in close
contact through respiratory drops produced by sneezing and coughing.
The sequences of Wuhan betakoronavirus show similarities to the betakoronavirus
found in bats; However, this virus is genetically different from other coronaviruses such as
SARS-related coronaviruses and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
coronaviruses. Like SARS-CoV, it is a member of the Beta-CoV B lineage.

2
 Five new coronavirus genomes have been isolated and reported including BetaCoV /
Wuhan / IVDC-HB-01/2019, BetaCoV / Wuhan / IVDC-HB-04/2020, BetaCoV / Wuhan /
IVDC-HB-05 / Wuhan / WIV04 / 2019, and BetaCoV / Wuhan / IPBCAMS-WH-01/2019 from
the National Institute of CDC China for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of
Pathological Biology, and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital. Its RNA sequence is about 30 kbp in
length.

3.0 PREVALENCE IN THE WORLD TODAY

Holidays and past trips are a luxury that only those who are capable can enjoy.
However, the growth of the aviation industry has allowed more people to travel. In addition,
low-cost airlines are growing mushrooms after rains such as AirAsia in Malaysia, Scoot in
Singapore and Nok Air in Thailand, slightly changing the flight scenario in Southeast Asia.
Because of this, Bangkok, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur are often named the most
visited cities in the world by many travel magazines. In addition, many Southeast Asian
countries have made it easier for travelers to travel by facilitating or excluding visa
requirements.
Malaysians also have one of the strongest passports in the world and can travel to
164 countries without a visa (or can obtain a visa upon arrival). If you search the
Flightradar24 website, one can see that the airspace is filled with planes flying from one
place to another and that air traffic is particularly strong in Europe, North America, Southeast
Asia and East Asia.
International law stipulates that every country has the sovereignty and right to allow
foreign ships or aircraft to land or land at their ports or airports. Many countries have made
these arrangements easier through a number of international treaties and treaties signed.
Subject to any visa requirements (if any), one can travel only with a valid ticket and passport,
without having to worry about how the international law operates to allow him to travel from
one country to another.
Traveling is easy because international borders are often open to travelers unless
one is a non grata persona. This is the scenario until January 2020. The city of Wuhan in
China has witnessed the outbreak of coronary heart disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has
finally become a pandemic that has gripped 203 countries worldwide.
Originally, China was the epicenter of the Wuhan Virus and today, the United States
has taken the title with over 200,000 active cases and 5,000 deaths recorded. This virus has
fueled the world's economy in disrupting countries with modern technology and abundant
wealth. The US, Italy, Spain and Germany are the worst hit COVID-19 countries outside
China.

3
 The Washington, US-based Pew Research Center reports that 7.2 billion people
worldwide are living in control of their respective countries as a result of COVID-19. This is
why it is important for us to take seriously the warnings issued by the WHO and travelers
should postpone their plans. However, some of them ignore this warning and continue their
plans to travel.
As a result, hundreds of thousands of travelers from around the country are now
having to spend the night on the airport floor and are desperate to find their last resort in a
foreign city or have to face a mandatory 14-day quarantine with little money and hope of
returning.
There were about 841 Malaysians displaced in 20 countries such as India, Austria,
Sweden, Spain when the CPP came into force. International law has facilitated international
travel and is often overlooked by tourists.
COVID-19 has forced many countries to close their borders, and nowadays travelers
are aware that obtaining permission to enter or leave any country is not always easy,
especially in times of crisis. COVID-19 infections are particularly bad in Western countries
and will remain so for now.
The proverb 'travels far, scenery' often encourages many to travel. But the reality is,
the farther away, the more COVID-19 infections will spread. It is better to stay home than to
be stranded at any overseas airport. Hopefully one day the world can decide on the COVID-
19 infection network.

4
4.0 PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
Viral pandemics or acute respiratory infections such as influenza or severe acute
respiratory syndrome pose a global threat. This has led to insufficient antiviral drugs and
vaccines to prevent its spread worldwide. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate
the effectiveness of physical interventions to prevent or reduce the spread of viruses that
invade this respiratory tract.
Health-related infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Hand
hygiene is considered an effective preventive measure. Several studies have been
conducted to evaluate the short-term and long-term effectiveness of measures to increase
adherence to hand hygiene guidelines and also to determine whether improvements in hand
hygiene compliance may reduce infection-related rates.
'Standard Care Measures' refers to a system of actions, such as the use of personal
protective equipment or needle handling, by health workers to reduce the spread of germs in
health care situations such as hospitals and nursing homes. This review evaluates the
effectiveness of interventions targeted at healthcare workers to improve adherence to
Practice Standards in patient care.
The government simply ordered the people to stay at their homes and reduce the
movement for only 14 days, while maintaining personal hygiene as a precaution. How easy
is it for people to understand and follow their instructions? There are still a handful of people
who open booths for sales, sports and sightseeing. Where is our role as the person involved
in supporting the government's action in eradicating this virus?
Don't be selfish because we think we are healthy but unknowingly we are virus
carriers. Should we care about the people? Of course we need to be concerned about the
people around us. In working together to address this epidemic, each of us must implement
all measures of personal care and hygiene. The first thing to do is to conduct a health
checkup at the health centers. Each of us with the symptoms of the outbreak must be
present voluntarily to ensure that the test is performed.
In addition, if you have just returned from a country with high potential and a high
number of cases such as China, South Korea, Italy, Japan and Iran, you are advised to
report to the health center and undergo quarantine for 14 days. Please consult your nearest
clinic or hospital if you have symptoms such as cough, fever, colds, sore throat and difficulty
breathing.
Next, if you are not feeling well like a cough or cold you need to wear a face mask
and immediately seek treatment at a nearby clinic or hospital. Do not use the same face
mask over and over again, it is recommended to change your face mask over time.
Staying at home can prevent us from being infected with the COVID-19 virus. This is
the best time to spend quality time with your family. Parents can be creative by doing various

5
activities with children such as cleaning the house, gardening, cooking, gardening and sports
that are internal and do not need to go out.
Always prioritize personal hygiene such as bathing regularly and washing your hands
with soap or washing your hands properly. In addition, disinfection in the home area is also
highly recommended to eradicate the virus. Mix only one bleach cover and nine water covers
and begin disinfecting the most frequently affected areas such as door knobs, switch lights,
phones, controllers, plumbing and refrigerator doors.
Lastly, if you have to go out of your way to buy something or work for an inevitable
affair, make sure you are within a meter of the person you are in direct or indirect contact
with.
In addition to the above, we need to maintain our good health by eating nutritious
food and do an exercising at home. Another alternative activity that can be planned during
this Movement Control Order is to spend time doing religious activities such as praying and
reading the scriptures.
The government is doing its part and taking the COVID-19 virus seriously. Therefore,
we need to support the government's efforts to restore the situation so that it can return to
normal by staying home for only 14 days.

5.0 LATEST INFORMATION AND NEWS

The Ministry of Health Malaysia said on May 2, 2020 cumulative cases would
increase to 4,326 or 70 per cent of the total compared to 1,747 active cases. Meanwhile, a
total of 105 new positive cases were recorded, bringing the total number of positive
infections to 6,176. Import cases accounted for 10.5 per cent of the daily total records while
the local transmission amounted to 94 cases of which 60 were detected from localities under
the Enhanced Movement Control Order (PKPD).
The Klang Valley dominated the cumulative positive case by contributing 46.6
percent, the South Zone (22.5 percent), the East Malaysia Region (13.7 percent), the East
Coast Zone (9.2 percent) and the North Zone (7.9 percent). At the state level, the new cases
were among those in Selangor with 63 cases followed by W.P. Kuala Lumpur (14 cases),
Sarawak (9 cases) while the states and Negeri Sembilan each had 8 cases. In general, no
positive cases were recorded for 7 states including two Federal Territories. In addition, a
total of 103 deaths have been reported to date with no recent death records.
Statistics of the cumulative fraction of active cases by region show that 8 districts are
categorized as red zones (41 cases and above). As of May 1, 2020, among the counties or
regions with the highest record of active cases (100 cases and above) were the Valley
Valley with 258 cases and Kuching with 143 cases. However, a total of 91 regions from

6
around the country are in the green zone group or in the absence of active cases. All
districts in Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis, Perak and most recently W.P. Labuan have shown
impressive recovery with no active case record while Penang has only recorded 2 active
cases through a record of cases of infection in Seberang Perai Central and Southwest.
Worldwide, a total of 3,345,308 individuals were infected with the COVID-19
outbreak, involving 238,796 deaths. The United States (US) dominates in the number of
positive cases of 1,103,781 cases and generally has 4 countries with daily recordings of
more than 5 thousand cases namely the US (33,749 cases), Russia (7,933 cases), the
United Kingdom (6,201 cases) and Brazil (5,051 cases) .
Meanwhile, at the ASEAN level Singapore recorded 17,101 cases of infection among
several member countries including Indonesia (10,551 cases), the Philippines (8,772 cases)
including Malaysia (6,176 cases). The highest global death toll was recorded by the United
States, accounting for 27.2 percent, followed by Italy accounting for 11.8 percent and the
United Kingdom (11.6 percent). Belgium recorded a death rate of 15.71 percent followed by
the United Kingdom (15.44 percent), France (14.72 percent) and Italy (13.61 percent). The
global death rate was 7.16 per cent while cases recovered accounted for 1/3 of the world's
total 1,055,779 cases (31.56 per cent).

7
6.0 QUESTION 1: IS THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 UNDER CONTROL TODAY?
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
The worldwide outbreak of the Covid-19 outbreak is currently under control. This is
due to the increasing rate of new cases. This situation is exacerbated by individuals who do
not obey the government's instructions for implementing movement control orders. As a
result, some countries had to declare an emergency to control the spread of the disease.
Meanwhile, for Malaysia, control of the outbreak is relatively good. Although some
states are still critical of the increasing number of cases every day, there are some states
and regions whose cases are declining to zero.
However, this situation is uncertain for some time to come. There are a number of
new clusters that have arisen as a result of violations of regulations set by the government
and authorities. Therefore, I can conclude here that every country needs to take more drastic
and drastic measures to curb this problem. Individuals who violate the rules need to take
immediate action to teach others. This will not end if many look down on the dangers of this
outbreak.
Today, the number of cases in Malaysia is rising again with a new cluster involving
foreigners. After the government decided to allow some organizations to operate again,
several new clusters emerged. Includes government permission to allow movement between
districts and allow students to return to their villages. An outbreak of an epidemic is
particularly prevalent at airports and makes it difficult to control the spread in the future.
This is due to the individual's reluctance to obey quarantine orders as well as
movement control orders. If this situation persists, it is likely that the government will resume
the movement for a longer period of time.
Although Malaysia is one of the countries with a relatively low rate of epidemic
outbreaks, it remains to be seen whether the spread will be controlled or not.

8
7.0 QUESTION 2: CURRENTLY, THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN ITALY HAS
REACHED 229 CONFIRMED CASES (WHO, 2020). IN YOUR OPINION AND
FROM YOUR READINGS FROM TRUSTED REFERENCES, WILL THERE BE AN
INCREASING OR DECREASING TREND FOR YEARS TO COME?
From daily reported cases in Italy, the world is now facing a very critical situation if
not handled properly. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns countries that have
successfully prevented the spread of COVID-19 from being on the alert despite the outbreak
in the country.
WHO Emergency Director Dr Michael Ryan said the first wave of the spread of the
virus might contain a second peak on its graph. The warning is more specific to countries
that have reduced the COVI-19 transmission control measures.
We cannot assume that simply because the transmission may not be as active as
before, it will continue that way and that we will have several months to prepare for the
second wave. We might have a second peak in this wave. This is what happened in the
previous pandemic. It occurred in a 1919 pandemic (The Spanish Flu). We might see the
second peak in the graph curve, not necessarily the second wave.
All countries need to continue to implement public health measures to ensure new
cases continue to decline. Most of the world's population is still at high risk for COVID-19.
As new infectious respiratory diseases spread, such as during the COVID-19
pandemic, healthcare workers' adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC)
guidelines becomes more important. The strategies in this guide include the use of personal
protective equipment such as masks, face masks, gloves and dresses; isolating patients with
respiratory infections from others; and tighter cleaning routine. This strategy is difficult and
time consuming to adhere to in practice.
Naturally, it is our collective responsibility to make every effort necessary to address
and control the spread of Covid-19 infection in our country. In the event that the community
is lazy, disobedient and in disobedience to the SOP, MOH expects a sharp increase in the
Covid-19 case. If that happens, it could lead to a new wave of Covid-19 outbreaks in the
country.
Therefore, the public should be cautious and not take down the case. As MOH
previously informed, the war against the Covid-19 virus has not yet ended.