Corona Prevention

Prevention is Much Safer, Cheaper and Better Than Cure

Introduction

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses, some of which cause

illness in people, and others that circulate among mammals and
birds. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can spread to humans, and
then spread between people. Zoonotic coronaviruses have
emerged in recent years to cause human outbreaks such as
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome
(MERS).

Illness in humans mainly manifests as a respiratory infection, or

sometimes gastrointestinal infection. The clinical spectrum of
illness varies from no symptoms or mild respiratory symptoms to
severe, rapidly progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress
syndrome, septic shock, or multi-organ failure resulting in death.

Background

Scientists first identified a human coronavirus in 1965. It caused a

common cold. Later that decade, researchers found a group of
similar human and animal viruses and named them after their
crown-like appearance.
Seven coronaviruses can infect humans. The one that causes SARS
emerged in southern China in 2002 and quickly spread to 28 other
countries. More than 8,000 people were infected by July 2003, and
774 died. A small outbreak in 2004 involved only four more cases.
This coronavirus causes fever, headache, and respiratory problems
such as cough and shortness of breath.
MERS started in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Almost all of the nearly
2,500 cases have been in people who live in or travel to the Middle
East. This coronavirus is less contagious than its SARS cousin but
more deadly, killing 858 people. It has the same respiratory
symptoms but can also cause kidney failure.

Origin of the virus

Experts say SARS-CoV-2 originated in bats. That’s also how the

coronaviruses behind Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) got started.
SARS-CoV-2 made the jump to humans at one of Wuhan’s open-air
“wet markets.” They’re where customers buy fresh meat and fish,
including animals that are killed on the spot.
Some wet markets sell wild or banned species like cobras, wild
boars, and raccoon dogs. Crowded conditions can let viruses from
different animals to swap genes. Sometimes the virus changes so
much it can start to infect and spread among people.
Still, the Wuhan market didn’t sell bats at the time of
the outbreak. That’s why early suspicion also fell on pangolins,
also called scaly anteaters, which are sold illegally in some
markets in China. Some coronaviruses that infect pangolins are
similar to SARS-CoV-2.
As SARS-CoV-2 spread both inside and outside China, it infected
people who have had no direct contact with animals. That meant
the virus is transmitted from one human to another. It’s now
spreading in the U.S. and around the globe, meaning that people
are unwittingly catching and passing on the coronavirus. This
growing worldwide transmission is what is now a pandemic.

Characteristics of the virus

Coronavirus, any virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae.

Coronaviruses have enveloped virions (virus particles) that
measure approximately 120 nm (1 nm = 10−9 metre) in diameter.
Club-shaped glycoprotein spikes in the envelope give the viruses a
crownlike, or coronal, appearance. The nucleocapsid, made up of
a protein shell known as a capsid and containing the viral nucleic
acids, is helical or tubular. The coronavirus genome consists of a
single strand of positive-sense RNA (ribonucleic acid).

Coronaviridae is generally considered to contain two

genera, Coronavirus and Torovirus, which differ in
nucleocapsid morphology, the former being helical and the latter
being tubular. Coronaviruses are important agents of
gastrointestinal disease in humans, poultry, and bovines. In
humans, a species known as SARS coronavirus (or Severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus) causes a
highly contagious respiratory disease that is characterized by
symptoms of fever, cough, and muscle ache, often with
progressive difficulty in breathing. The virus emerged in humans
in 2002; it likely jumped to humans from an animal reservoir,
believed to be horseshoe bats. The ability of SARS coronavirus to
jump to humans undoubtedly required genetic changes in the
virus. These changes are suspected to have occurred in the
palm civet, since the SARS virus present in horseshoe bats is
unable to infect humans directly.

In 2012 another coronavirus capable of causing a

severe acute respiratory illness later known as Middle East
respiratory syndrome(MERS) was discovered in humans. The first
case was found in Saudi Arabia, and others were reported within
the following year in France, Germany, Jordan, Qatar, Tunisia,
the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom. All
confirmed cases were directly or indirectly linked to the Middle
East. Of all confirmed cases documented by 2019, roughly one-
third had ended in death. The novel MERS coronavirus was
similar to other coronaviruses known to have originated
in bats and was thought to be passed from bats to other animals
before being transmitted to humans. Camels were identified as
one possible reservoir for the MERS virus.

Pandemic Outbreak

In late 2019 a virus apparently closely related to SARS

coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China. The virus, later named
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),
caused an illness known as COVID-19, which was similar to SARS
and was being characterized primarily by fever and respiratory
symptoms. The virus was likewise highly contagious. By early
2020 it had spread throughout regions of China and had reached
the United States and Europe, having been carried by travelers
from affected regions. In March the World Health
Organization declared the outbreak a pandemic, and travel to,
from, and within many countries was severely restricted in an
effort to control its spread. In many areas, schools and many
businesses closed, and stay-at-home guidelines
were implemented, which strongly encouraged people not to leave
their places of residence.

Threats of Coronavirus

People with COVID-19 have had a wide range of symptoms

reported – ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness.

Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure to the

virus. People with these symptoms may have COVID-19:

 Cough
 Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
 Fever
 Chills
 Muscle pain
 Sore throat
 New loss of taste or smell

This list is not all possible symptoms. Other less common

symptoms have been reported, including gastrointestinal
symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Although for most people COVID-19 causes only mild illness, it

can make some people very ill. More rarely, the disease can be
fatal. Older people, and those with pre- existing medical
conditions (such as high blood pressure, heart problems or
diabetes) appear to be more vulnerable.

Impact on our life, economy, diplomacy, society

Impact on our life
This virus is causing a huge impact on out day to day life. Ever
since the outbreak of this virus, people are enforced to stay at
home for their own safety. Due to this, people are passing more
time at home and not going out unless it is utterly important.
People from different age groups are performing their regular life
schedules from home including online classes, meetings and even
gossiping with friends through different Social media platforms
encompassing Facebook live, Google-Meet, Zoom and many
more.

Impact on economy
Investors fear the spread of the coronavirus will destroy economic
growth and that government action may not be enough to stop the
decline. The major impact is the economic recession. The natural
annual GDP is having a huge drop in almost every country.
According to International Monetary Fund (IMF), the global
economy will shrink by 3% this year. Demand for oil has dried up
as lockdowns across the world have kept people inside. In the
United States, the price of a barrel of West Texas Intermediate
(WTI) turned negative for the first time in history. The Global
shares have taken the worst hit. The Dow and the FTSE saw their
biggest quarterly drops in the first three months of the year since
1987.

Impact on diplomacy
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected international relations and
caused diplomatic tensions. The diplomatic relations have been
affected due to the tensions around trade and transport of
medicines, diagnostic tests and hospital equipment
for coronavirus disease 2019. Leaders of some countries have
accused other countries for not containing the disease effectively
and resulting in the uncontrolled spread of the virus. Developing
nations in Latin America and Africa cannot find enough materials
for testing for coronavirus disease, partly because other countries
in Europe and the United States and outspending the resources.
Impact on Society
The impact on society involves the impact on Education, Religion,
Psychology and Domestic violence.
* The pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide,
leading to the widespread closures of schools and universities.
According to data released by UNESCO on 25 March, school and
university closures due to COVID-19 were implemented
nationwide in 165 countries. Including localized closures, this
affects over 1.5 billion students worldwide, accounting for 87% of
enrolled learners.
* The pandemic has impacted religion in various ways, including
the cancellation of the worship services of various faiths, the
closure of Sunday Schools, as well as the cancellation of
pilgrimages surrounding observances and festivals.
*
The coronavirus pandemic has been followed by a concern for a
potential spike in suicides, exacerbated by social isolation due to
quarantine and social-distancing guidelines, fear, and
unemployment and financial factors.
* Many countries have reported an increase in domestic
violence and intimate partner violence attributed to lockdowns
amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Financial insecurity, stress, and
uncertainty have pointed on to increased aggression at home, with
abusers able to control large amounts of their victims' daily life.

After effects
In its essence a post-pandemic world, (or really one where we
acknowledge and accept that pandemics can and will occur—more
on that from Dr. Mehmet Oz below) is about mitigating a new
type of risk. There will be implications across the board; for
business, government, culture, sports and the arts, as well as
behavior like shaking hands.
First many businesses that are booming during the pandemic will
continue to thrive, maybe not explosively, but should grow above
trend for some time. People are already busy figuring out the new,
new things.
It will also be extremely difficult to adopt the regular life activities
people had sufficed to previously. This is because of the long-term
sluggishness and fear of the concerning virus. In accordance with
stress and anxiety the shaking hand behavior is more likely to
develop.
Unemployment rates might go up as companies might not be able
to hire more workers where the companies itself would need to be
held up by major donations just to return back to the stage they
had been previously.
The new world will be about things that matter. There will be
fewer objects and they will be chosen more responsibly. More
questions will be asked: are they made of natural materials? Does
their production harm the planet?
In addition, governments will have to maintain local
manufacturers to restore economic performance. Once you leave
export and import, you will no longer be such frivolous
cosmopolitans.
Then there’s the restaurants. While the big chains; Subway,
McDonald’s, Starbucks and KFC have the wherewithal to survive,
many independent restaurants could be decimated. In all cases,
it’s likely prices will go up to cover new unemployment
protections that companies will put in place voluntarily or that are
mandated by the government. That could prove to be inflationary.
Steps of Prevention

You can reduce your chances of being infected or spreading

COVID-19 by taking some simple precautions:

 Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-

based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Why?
Washing your hands with soap and water or using alcohol-
based hand rub kills viruses that may be on your hands.
 Maintain at least 1 meter (3 feet) distance between yourself
and others. Why? When someone coughs, sneezes, or speaks
they spray small liquid droplets from their nose or mouth
which may contain virus. If you are too close, you can
breathe in the droplets, including the COVID-19 virus if the
person has the disease.
 Avoid going to crowded places. Why? Where people come
together in crowds, you are more likely to come into close
contact with someone that has COIVD-19 and it is more
difficult to maintain physical distance of 1 meter (3 feet).
  Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth. Why? Hands touch
many surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once contaminated,
hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth.
From there, the virus can enter your body and infect you.
 Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good
respiratory hygiene. This means covering your mouth and
nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or
sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately and
wash your hands. Why? Droplets spread virus. By following
good respiratory hygiene, you protect the people around you
from viruses such as cold, flu and COVID-19.
 Stay home and self-isolate even with minor symptoms such
as cough, headache, mild fever, until you recover. Have
someone bring you supplies. If you need to leave your house,
wear a mask to avoid infecting others. Why? Avoiding
contact with others will protect them from possible COVID-
19 and other viruses.
 If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek
medical attention, but call by telephone in advance if
possible and follow the directions of your local health
authority. Why? National and local authorities will have the
most up to date information on the situation in your area.
Calling in advance will allow your health care provider to
quickly direct you to the right health facility. This will also
protect you and help prevent spread of viruses and other
infections.
 Keep up to date on the latest information from trusted
sources, such as WHO or your local and national health
authorities. Why? Local and national authorities are best
placed to advise on what people in your area should be doing
to protect themselves.

Executable Summary