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    MODULE 3 Anthropological Perspective

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    Kaye Carbonel
    This document discusses the anthropological perspective of the self. It explores how culture influences self-concept and identity. The self is not innate, but developed through social and cultural influences. Culture shapes core components of self-concept like beliefs, values and behaviors. It also discusses key anthropological concepts like egocentric vs. socio-centric views of self, rites of passage, cultural differences, and how social identities form around factors like family, language, religion, name and more. The document seeks to analyze how culture imprints itself onto notions of self.

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    MODULE 3 Anthropological Perspective

    Uploaded by

    Kaye Carbonel
    9K views4 pages
    This document discusses the anthropological perspective of the self. It explores how culture influences self-concept and identity. The self is not innate, but developed through social and cultural influences. Culture shapes core components of self-concept like beliefs, values and behaviors. It also discusses key anthropological concepts like egocentric vs. socio-centric views of self, rites of passage, cultural differences, and how social identities form around factors like family, language, religion, name and more. The document seeks to analyze how culture imprints itself onto notions of self.

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    This document discusses the anthropological perspective of the self. It explores how culture influences self-concept and identity. The self is not innate, but developed through social and cultural influences. Culture shapes core components of self-concept like beliefs, values and behaviors. It also discusses key anthropological concepts like egocentric vs. socio-centric views of self, rites of passage, cultural differences, and how social identities form around factors like family, language, religion, name and more. The document seeks to analyze how culture imprints itself onto notions of self.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9K views4 pages

    MODULE 3 Anthropological Perspective

    Uploaded by

    Kaye Carbonel
    This document discusses the anthropological perspective of the self. It explores how culture influences self-concept and identity. The self is not innate, but developed through social and cultural influences. Culture shapes core components of self-concept like beliefs, values and behaviors. It also discusses key anthropological concepts like egocentric vs. socio-centric views of self, rites of passage, cultural differences, and how social identities form around factors like family, language, religion, name and more. The document seeks to analyze how culture imprints itself onto notions of self.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses how culture and society shape concepts of selfhood from an anthropological perspective. It also explores different dimensions of self-concept and how they are influenced by upbringing and experiences.

    The document states that culture has a major influence on an individual's self-concept, with one's upbringing and family history playing important roles in forming beliefs and attitudes about the self. Memories from early childhood also contribute to self-concept in different ways across cultures.

    The two perspectives discussed are the egocentric view which sees the self as autonomous, and the socio-centric view which sees the self as having no intrinsic qualities independent of society and culture.

    MODULE 3

    ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF

    Introduction

    The Origin of Self explores the role that selfhood plays in defining human society.
    It considers the genetic and cultural origins of self, the role that self plays in
    socialization and language, and the types of self we generate in our individual journeys
    to and through adulthood. Edwardes argues that other awareness is a relatively early
    evolutionary development, present throughout the primate clade and perhaps beyond,
    but self-awareness is a product of the sharing of social models, something only humans
    appear to do. The self of whom we are aware is not something innate within us, it is a
    model of our self-produced as a response to the models offered to us by other people.
    Edwardes proposes that human construction of selfhood involves seven different types
    of self. All but one of them are internally generated models, and the only non- model,
    the actual self, is completely hidden from conscious awareness. We rely on others to tell
    us about our self, and even to let us know we are a self.

    Learning Outcomes

    After the learning session, the students are able to:


    1. increase awareness of the various dimensions of anthropology and
    its influence on self-concept;
    2. understand how each culture develop a unique cultural lens;
    3. examine their own cultural identity from a global perspective; and
    4. demonstrate critical and reflective thought in analyzing how culture
    influences our beliefs and behavior through an essay.

    Learning Content

    In anthropology, the self-came to be understood as a process that orchestrates an


    individual's personal experience following which s/he becomes self-aware and self-
    reflective about her or his place in society.

    This chapter seeks to explore the role selfhood plays in defining human society,
    and each human individual in that society. It considers the genetic and cultural origins
    of self, the role that self plays in socialization and language, and the types of self we
    generate in our individual journeys to and through adulthood.

    Anthropology

    ● The study of human societies and cultures and their development


    ● it is concerned with how cultural and biological processes interact to shape
    human experience

    Self as Embedded in Culture


    Self-concept refers to all understanding and knowledge of oneself. The
    components of self-concepts include: psychological, physical and social attitudes, ideas
    and beliefs that one has. The most influence in terms of self-concept is family’s history,
    basically referring to the culture one has been brought up in, and the experiences he or
    she has undergone.

    Various studies have been carried out concerning the impact culture may have
    towards self-concept. One such study was carried out by Erdman (2006) using
    American and Chinese students, requesting them to recall memories and events of their
    early years of childhood. In his study, Erdman found out that early childhood memories
    were a big part of self-concept. The findings demonstrated that different cultural
    memories are brought about by early childhood years and persist into adulthood. The
    differences are formed both in the extended cultural contexts which defines the meaning
    of the self and the immediate family environment.

    In conclusion, culture has such a greater influence on an individual’s life


    contributing majorly to the self-concept of an individual. The influence might either be
    negative or positive depending on the type of culture that one has been brought up in. It
    is important that individuals study and appreciate their culture and its contribution in
    shaping their individual personalities.

    Culture is the set of unwritten norms of conduct that guide the behavior of a group

    Edward Taylor- defined the culture that it is a complex whole which includes
    knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits
    acquired by man.

    Material and Non-material Culture

    Sociologists describe two interrelated aspects of human culture: the physical


    objects of the culture and the ideas associated with these objects.

    Material culture refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people
    use to define their culture. These include homes, neighborhoods, cities, schools,
    churches, synagogues, temples, mosques, offices, factories and plants, tools, means of
    production, goods and products, stores, and so forth. All of these physical aspects of a
    culture help to define its members' behaviors and perceptions. For example, technology
    is a vital aspect of material culture in today's Filipino Society. Students in highly
    urbanized cities must learn to use computers to survive in college and business, in
    contrast to young adults in the ethnic societies who must learn to build weapons and
    hunt.

    Non‐material culture refers to the nonphysical ideas that people have about their
    culture, including beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and
    institutions. For instance, the non‐material cultural concept of religion consists of a set
    of ideas and beliefs about God, worship, morals, and ethics. These beliefs, then,
    determine how the culture responds to its religious topics, issues, and events.

    When considering non‐material culture, sociologists refer to several processes


    that a culture uses to shape its members' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Four of the
    most important of these are symbols, language, values, and norms.

    Two Anthropological Perspectives of the Self

    1. Egocentric- a concept of the self where the self is seen as an autonomous and
    distinct individual.
    2. Socio-centric- according to this view, there is no intrinsic self that can possess
    enduring qualities.

    Three-Phased Rite of Passage by Arnold Van Gennep

    1. Separation Phase- in this phase, people detach from their former identity to
    another
    2. Liminality Phase- in this phase, a person transitions from one identity to another
    3. Incorporation Phase- in this phase, the change in one's status is officially
    incorporated

    Anthony Wallace and Raymond Fogelson- coined the term "identity struggles"

    Identity Struggles- a term coined by Wallace and Fogelson to characterize interaction


    in which there is a discrepancy between the identity a person claims to possess and the
    identity attributed to that person by other.

    Self-identification- in order to attain this, individuals have to overcome many


    obstacles

    Katherine Ewing- formulated the "Illusion of Wholeness"

    Illusion of Wholeness- implies that the cohesiveness and continuity of self are only
    illusory

    Cultural Differences- exists when groups of people assign different meanings to


    different life events and things

    Key Terms

    Social Identities- people construct their self-identity from the similarities and
    differences in characteristics among individuals.
    Example: You have categorized yourself as a student, the chances are you will adopt
    the identity of a student and begin to act in the ways you believe students act (and
    conform to the norms of the group).
    Family Membership- the most significant feature to determine a person's social
    identity.
    Example: A person’s social identity can be determined based on the influence of his/her
    family background (history, status, traits, or even resources)

    Language- viewed as an essential for the maintenance of group identity.


    Example: As people become members of a social group and learn to share that group's
    identity, they need to adapt to the group’s language.

    Religious Affiliation- an important marker for group identity in a given society.


    Example: In a predominantly Catholic country, the majority of Filipinos qualify
    themselves as members of the Roman Catholic Church.

    Name- an important device to individualize a person and legitimize him or her as a


    member of a social group.
    Example: When you were born, you were given a name documented through a birth
    certificate to legalize your birth.

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