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Effective Lectures Seminar: Topic 12. Charts, Facts and Statistics

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14 views

Effective Lectures Seminar: Topic 12. Charts, Facts and Statistics

Uploaded by

Dalí Gamboa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Effective Lectures

Seminar

Topic 12. Charts, Facts


and Statistics

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Charts, facts and statistics
Charts, Facts and Statistics

It is likely that there will be occasions when you have numerical


information that you want to include in your work, for example
figures and other statistics from secondary sources.

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The use of numbers


There are three main methods of presenting numerical
information:
Charts, Facts and Statistics

Incorporated Presented Used to


1.

2.

3.

into the main separately as construct a


body of text. a table. graph or
chart.

Determining which of these methods is the most appropriate


depends upon the amount of data you are dealing with and
their complexity.

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A. Including numbers in the main body of text

Numbers are most effective in the main body of the text of an


Charts, Facts and Statistics

essay, report or dissertation when there are only two values to


compare. When discussing three or more numbers, including
them within the main body of text does not facilitate
comparison, and it is more useful to use a table.

B. Presenting numbers in tables

Tables are used to present numerical data in a wide variety of


publications from newspapers, journals and textbooks.

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When to use tables. Tables are an effective way of presenting


data:

To show how a single


category of information When the dataset
Charts, Facts and Statistics

varies when measured at contains relatively few


different points (in time numbers.
or space).

When you do not wish


When the precise value
the presence of one or
is crucial to your
two very high or low
argument and a graph
numbers to detract from
would not convey the
the message contained
same level of precision.
in the rest of the dataset.

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Tables are an effective way of presenting data:

Since they consist of rows and columns it is important to consider how the
data are arranged between the two.
Charts, Facts and Statistics

If there are several columns (categories) of information, a table can


appear complex and become hard to read.

Numbers should be presented in their most simple format.

All tables should be presented with a title.

Where more than one table is being presented, it is recommended to


give each one a unique reference number.

The formatting of the table should not resemble a spreadsheet

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C. Graphs

Graphs are a good means of describing, exploring and


summarizing numerical data because the use of a visual image
Charts, Facts and Statistics

can simplify complex information and help to highlight patterns


and trends in the data.

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D. Good design

The different components of a graph are identified in the


Charts, Facts and Statistics

diagram

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Chart area. The chart


The x-axis. The x-axis is
area defines the Plot area. The plot area is
the horizontal line that
boundary of all the the region containing
defines the base of the
elements related to the the data.
plot area.
graph.
Charts, Facts and Statistics

The y-axis. The y-axis is the


vertical line that usually defines Gridlines. They are the
Title. All graphs should
the left side of the plot area, but if vertical and horizontal
more than one variable is being include a title that
lines placed within the
plotted on the graph then the summarizes what the
vertical lines on both the left and plot area to help read
graph shows.
right sides of the plot area may values from the graph.
be used as y-axes.

Reference to source of
information.
Acknowledge the source
of the original data.

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E. Other design considerations

In bar charts, histograms, and pie charts, shading and color are
used to distinguish the areas representing different categories.
Charts, Facts and Statistics

The choice of which color combinations and shading patterns


to use is ultimately a personal matter.

3D Effects
The software we reviewed, such as PowerPoint or Keynote offer
the possibility of producing graphs and charts with a 3D effect.

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• Bergstrom, G. (2014). How to Use Charts and Graphs in PR


Presentations. Retrieved from
http://marketing.about.com/od/public_relations_tutorials/a
/How-To-Use-Charts-And-Graphs-In-Pr-Presentations.htm
• University Of Leicester (2013). Presenting numerical data.
Retrieved from
http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/numeracy/nume
rical-data
References

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© Universidad Tecmilenio

Author
David Baglietto Fernández, MBA
Academic design coordinator
Ma. Del Socorro Dávila Salinas, MIB, MBA
Universidad Tecmilenio
Production
Vicerrectoría Académica y de Innovación.
Credits

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