A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWEDGE OF HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS REGARDING JUNK FOODS IN SELECTED URBAN

SCHOOLS OF BANGALORE DISTRICT WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN
INFORMATION PAMPHLET.

M.Sc. Nursing Dissertation Protocol submitted to

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore.

By
MR. CHANKRA PANI .P.S

M.Sc NURSING 1ST YEAR

2011-2012

Under the Guidance of

HOD, Department of CHILD HEALTH NURSING

ANURADHA COLLEGE OF NURSING,

Gandhadakaval,
Hegganahalli cross,
Vishwaneedam post,
Bangalore –91

1
 RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
ANNEXURE – II
SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION

1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND MR. CHAKRAPANI. P.S

ADDRESS ANURADHA COLLEGE
OF NURSING,
BANGALORE.
2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTE ANURADHA COLLEGE
OF NURSING
3 COURSE OF STUDY & SUBJECT 1ST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING
CHILD HEALTH
NURSING
4 DATE OF ADMISSION
5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
TO ASSESS THE
KNOWLEDGE OF HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS
REGARDING JUNK
FOODS IN SELECTED
URBAN SCHOOLS OF
BANGALORE DISTRICT
WITH A VIEW TO
DEVELOP AN
INFORMATION
PAMPHLET”

2
6. Brief Resume of the Intended Work
Introduction
“We are living in a world today where lemonade is made from artificial flavours and
furniture polish is made from real lemons”
- Alfresh E Newman

Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of
plant or animal origin & contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins
or minerals.

Junk food is a term describing food that is perceived to be unhealthy or having poor
nutritional value, according to Food Standards Agency. The term is believed to have been coined
by Michael Jacobson, director of the center for science in the public interest, in 1972. The term has
since become common usage. Junk food includes those food items that do not add any value to a
person’s diet. Here value denotes essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals.1

Street food and fast food are also taken in the same context as Junk. When we speak of
street food, the fact that it’s cooked in unhealthy conditions makes it more unhealthy than the same
food made at home. Coming to the latter, fast food is the kind of food item which can be made and
served quickly. The biggest irony regarding junk food is the fact that it’s mostly prepared out of
healthy food.

Coming to Indian Junk food, locally called ‘Chaat’, these mostly include the Samosas, Kachoris,
Panipuris/golgappas are fried items with various filling within an outer layer made of refined
flour.2

In India even Chinese food sold in road side stalls is Junk food, because they contain high
amount of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) which is a flavor enhancer and this MSG is recognized
as a health hazard if taken in larger quantities. The evidence for this is described below.
Herbert M (1997) conducted a study to determine whether the subjects had a statistical
difference in the incidence of their specific symptoms after ingestion of Monosodium Glutamate
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(MSG) compared with placebo. The study selected 61 subjects. First 5gm Monosodium glutamate
(MSG) was administered in random sequence in a double-blind fashion. Subjects who reached
only to a single test agent underwent rechallenge in random sequence in a double-blind fashion
with placebo. The result revealed that 18 (29.5%) responded to neither placebo nor Monosodium
Glutamate. 6(9.8%) to both, 15 (24.6%) to placebo and 22 (36.1%) to Monosodium Glutamate.
Total average severity of symptoms after ingestion of Monosodium Glutamate were greater than
after placebo ingestion. The symptoms like headache, muscle tightness, numbers/tingling, general
weakness and flushing occurred more frequently after Monosodium Glutamate ingestion. The
study concluded that Monosodium Glutamate reproduced symptoms in alleged sensitive persons.

People need to apply some common sense and decide for themselves what is right for them
and what’s not. And it has been proven that high fat/sugar foods leads to obesity, increase in
cholesterol, high blood pressure and cardiac problems. So everybody must keep certain amount of
awareness about food nutrition so that healthy choices can be made.3

Finally, the investigator feel the need to mention that many children in some parts of the
world are dying of starvation everyday and they don’t have this great choice to make. Any food,
whether Junk or otherwise, would be life for them.

6.1 Need for the study

“We live in an age when Pizza gets to your home before the police”
- Jeff Arder
Helping our little ones develop a broad palate and accept new foods is a necessary part of
getting nutrients from a variety of food sources in to them.

Changes in our society have intensified the need for food skills to the extent that they need to
become a part of child’s basic education for good health and survival. Most people have forgotten
that the primary reason for eating is nourishment. Junk food comprises of anything that is quick,
tasty, convenient and fashionable. Good nutrition is a high priority children must know what they
eat affects, how they grow, feel and behave.4

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 Traditionally it has been parents who have taken leadership in deciding what their kids are
going to eat. But Mc Donald’s and other fast food companies spend billions of dollars a year on ad
campaigns that target children, with the goal of taking that leadership away from the parents and
shifting it on to the kids themselves. In this way, the ads not only promote the consumption of Junk
food, with all the baneful health consequences we are witnessing today.5

Junk food are typically ready to eat convenience foods containing high levels of saturated
fats, salt or sugar and little or no fruit, vegetables or dietary fiber and are considered to have little
or no health benefits. Common junk food includes salted snack foods like chips (crsps), candy,
gum, most sweet desserts, fried fast food and carbonated beverages (sodas) as well as alcoholic
beverages. 6

The food habitats in India have changed due to the western influence and the usage of
foods is also on the rise and have been a part of everyday life.

In India, the consumer spending rate on processed food had ncreased at an average rate of
7.6% annually during the years 2008 to 2010 and this was expected to continue as the consumer
expense would rise with an average of around 8.6% till the year 2012. 30% of children aged 2-19
years are considered overweight or obese and has been estimated that 1 in 3 children born in the
year 2000 will develop diabetes in their lifetime over the past 3 decades the childhood obesity rate
has more doubled for pre-school children aged 2-5 years and adolescents aged 12-19 years and it
has more tripled for children aged 6-11 years.7

A survey was conducted by Association of chambers of commerce and industries in 25

private and public school canteens in five major cities – Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai
including Chandigarh, among 5000 high school students. The survey disclosed that 53% of
children in Chandigarh spend an average of Rs. 700 to 1000 every month on junk food in school
canteens. Another alarming finding was that 59% of the food served in canteens was junk food. It
revealed that kids prefer to snack on junk food which is heavy in fats, salt and sugar and warns that
if the trend continues, the kids are set to develop lifestyle diseases.8

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 An alarming trend on the rise is that of junk food. It is of the utmost importance that
children do not over indulge in junk food. Empty calories in soft drinks and fatty foods promote
obesity, responsible for many of the health problems plaguing the planet.

Obesity can have a deep effect on a child’s life, increasing risk of numerous health
problems. Such as heart disease, hypertension and stroke, type 2 diabetes, high level of cholesterol
and sleep apnoea. Obese children also face a higher risk of developing liver diseases, orthopedic
problems and asthma.9

A study was conducted by Tracee Cornforth on young adults of age 18 to 30 years to find
the effect of eating fast food for teens. The study selected 3,031 young black and white adults. The
participants were asked about how often they eat breakfast, lunch or dinner at fast food restaurants.
Data was collected by questionnaire and by doing physical examination. The result revealed that
adverse impact on participants weight and insulin resistance was seen in both blacks and whites
who ate frequently at fast food restaurants. The study concluded that blacks visited fast food
restaurants more frequently than whites.10

Young children are not capable of understanding that the advertising is intended to
manipulate their feelings and alter their behavior.

There is no better time than now to built a supportive environment for nurturing children
and endowing them with a legacy of good health.11

As health professionals are engaged directly in the largest preventable health crisis, faced
by the country, being an investigator would like to utilise this opportunity to impart the ill-effects
of junk food.

Owing to the investigator, she is witnessed many children having more choice or taste
towards the junk foods, when compared to healthy food being unaware of the ill effects of those
yummy items they choose. Being an investigator would like to assess the knowledge of high

6
school students regarding junk food and update their level of knowledge by providing
informational booklet.

6.2 Review of literature

The purpose of review of literature is to obtain comprehensive knowledge base and in the
department of information from previous studies.

Sonica Tucunduva Philippi (2011) conducted cross sectional study to evaluate the
consumption of beverage and soft drinks by adolescents of a public school in SaoPaulo, Brazil.
The study selected 71 adolescents aged between 14 to 17 years from both genders. Data was
collected by questionnaire. The result revealed that the most frequent consumed beverage was
industrialized fruit juice (38.1%), soft drinks (28.6%) and natural fruit juices (22.2%) and main
place were home (38.2%) school (22.1%). The study concluded that sweet beverage intake was
frequent among adolescents specially soft drinks and were consumed at home and at school. The
nutrition education program should aim to stimulate the intake of more healthy beverages by
adolescents12

Silvia Hope (2010) conducted a cross sectional study to provide locally specific evidence
around the exposure, awareness and effect of Junk food advertising and promotion to children and
adolescents in Fiji. The study selected a total of 88 primary school students and 103 secondary
school students from high schools in Suva, Fiji. The data was collected by questionnaire. A
combination of Epi data and Microsoft excel were used in analysis. Statistical significance was
determined using a chi square test. The result revealed that the secondary school participants were
statistically more likely to watch television on more days of the week than the primary school
participants. The study concluded that children and adolescents in Suva are being exposed to and
affected by the Junk food advertisements which are abundant in their daily environment13

Yang M et al (2008) conducted a experimental study on factors related to top 10 Junk

foods consumption at 8 to 16 years of age in Haidian district of Beijing. The purpose of the study
was to study the current situation of ten types of Junk food consumption among children and

7
adolescent. The study selected 1019 children. A questionnaire survey was done to collect data. The
result revealed that one month prior to the study 97.50% of children and adolescent had eaten
atleast one type of Junk food and 15.88% of them had eaten all types of them. The study concluded
that eating Junk food is a popular event among children and adolescent and the education strategies
on nutrition should be developed and launched in order to help children develop their own healthy
eating behaviors14.

Manpreet Kaur (2008) conducted a study to determine the prevalence of consumption of

fast food among school children and their knowledge regarding the food they eat. Study was
conducted on 10 different schools comprising of 2636 children. The data was obtained by
questionnaire. The result revealed that 50% of the children watched fast food being advertised on
television and 70% were not aware of the nutritional context of this food consumed by them. The
study concluded that children in urban schools liked Junk food but they preferred to have these in
between meals and believed that food advertised was healthy15.

Dixon H G (2007) conducted a cross-sectional survey to examine associations between

children’s regular TV viewing habits and their food related attitudes and behavior and an
experiment assessing the impact of varying combinations of TV advertisements for unhealthy and
healthy foods on children’s dietary knowledge attitude, and intentions. The study selected 919
grade five and six students from different schools in Melbourne, Australia. Data was collected by
survey method. Result revealed that ads for nutritious foods promote selected positive attitudes and
beliefs concerning these foods. The study concluded that changing the food advertising
environment on children’s TV to on where nutritious foods are promoted and Junk foods are
relatively unrepresented would help to normalize and reinforce healthy eating16.

Kelly N. Allen (2007) conducted study on effectiveness of nutrition education on fast food
choices in adolescents. The purpose of the study was to gain insight as to how food choices in a
simulated fast food environment might be influenced by nutrition education in a group of
adolescents. The study selected 10 adolescents. Participants were asked to choose food items from
a fast food restaurant menu. Their chosen meals nutrition was calculated. Following a 30 minutes
nutrition education session, participants were again asked to choose a meal from the same fast food
8
menu. The result revealed that there was a statistically significant difference of the meals chosen
after nutrition education. The study concluded that this short nutrition education intervention
resulted in healthier fast food choices in this group of adolescents17.

Yamamoto JB (2005) conducted study to determine whether adolescents will modify their
ordering behavior if calorie and fat nutrition information is posted on the restaurant menu. The
study selected 106 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years and were asked to order a dinner of their choice
from 3 different restaurant menus. The result revealed that 75 did not change any of their orders,
31 did change some orders and only 9 changed their orders. The study concluded that the provision
of calorie and fat content information on the menu did not modify the food ordering behavior for
the majority of adolescents18.

ZanJan (2005) conducted experimental study on effect of nutrition education on the

knowledge and practice of school children regarding Junk food intake. The study was conducted
on 487 students in two control and treatment groups. Data was collected by questionnaire. The
results revealed that nutrition education plays a crucial important role in improvement of
knowledge and practice particularly in school19.

Erica Garcia-Lago (2004) conducted study to test the hypothesis that overweight
adolescents are more susceptible to adverse effects of fast food than lean adolescents. The study
selected 26 overweight and 28 lean adolescents aged 13-17 years. The samples were fed large fast
food meal in food court and instructed to eat as desired in 1 hour and assessed energy intake under
free living conditions for 2 days when fast food was consumed. Data were collected by direct
observation and telephone. Result revealed that mean energy intake from fast food meal among all
participants was extremely large and overweight participants ate more than lean participants. The
study concluded that adolescents over consumed fast food regardless of their body weight20.

Shanthy A. Bowman (2004) conducted a study to test the hypothesis that fast food
consumption adversely affects dietary factors linked to obesity risk the study selected 6212
children in adolescents of age 4 to 19 years, in United States. Survey was done to collect the data.
9
The result revealed that 30.3% of total sample reported consuming fast food. Children ate more
total energy and had poorer diet quality on days with compared with without fast food. The study
concluded that consumption of fast food among children in the United States seems to have an
adverse effect on dietary quality in ways that plausibly could increase risk for obesity21.

JA. Fulkerson (2001) conducted a study to examine demographic, behavioral and dietary
correlates of frequency of fast food restaurant use in a community based sample of adolescent
students. The study selected 4746 adolescents from 31 schools in Minnesota, United States. Data
was collected by survey. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency
questionnaire. Height and weight were directly measured. Results revealed that frequency of fast
food restaurant use was positively associated with intake of total energy and availability of
unhealthy foods and inversely associated with peer concerns about healthy eating. The study
concluded that frequency of fast food restaurant use is associated with higher energy and fat intake
among adolescents and intervention to reduce fast food restaurants needs to perceive importance of
healthy eating22.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge of high school students regarding
junk foods in selected urban schools of Bangalore district with a view to develop an
information pamphlet.

6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To assess the knowledge of high school students regarding Junk food studying in urban
schools.
2. To find out the association between demographic variables with knowledge scores of high
school students studying in urban schools regarding junk food.
3. To develop and distribute information pamphlet.

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6.4 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Knowledge: In this study knowledge refers to the correct response given by high school students
to the questionnaire regarding Junk food in urban schools.
Junk food: In this study it refers to any food item such as soft drinks, chips, pizza, ice cream,
hamburgers, cookies, bread, biscuits, cakes, fried foods etc that have poor nutritional value and
contains sugars, fats, oil & salt which are considered as unhealthy for children and available at
school canteens, colleges, nearby shops, restaurants, and road side.
High school students: In this study it refers to both male and female students of 8 th -10th standard,
who are studying in selected schools between the age group of 13-16 years,
Urban school: The high school which is situated in town or city.
Information booklet: In this study, informational booklet refers to systematically prepared health
package which includes information regarding definition, types, effects, tips to promote healthy
eating. Junk food which can be easily understood by high school students irrespective of their
knowledge.

6.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H1: There will be significant difference in the knowledge regarding Junk food among high school
students studying in urban schools.
H2: There is a significant association between demographic variables with knowledge scores of
high school students studying in selected urban schools.

6.6 ASSUMPTIONS
1. Increasing the knowledge of high school students studying in urban schools regarding Junk
food have a positive impact on preventing chronic health problems.
2. Knowledge on Junk food closely associated with some demographic characteristics such as
age, sex, study, atmosphere, family type, parent occupation, inadequate knowledge etc.
among high school students.
3. Information booklet enhances the knowledge regarding Junk food among urban high school
students.

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6.7 DELIMITATIONS
- The study is limited to high school students studying in urban schools.
- The study is limited to a sample of 80 high school students.
- This study cannot be generalized.

6.8 PILOT STUDY

The pilot study will be conducted on 8 high school students aged 13-16 years. The purpose
of the pilot study is to find out the feasibility of conducting study and design on plan of
statistical analysis. The findings of the pilot study samples will not be included in the main
study.

6.9 VARIABLES
Research variables are the concepts of various levels of abstractions that are entered,
manipulated and collected in a study.

Demographic variables: Age, gender, family type, socio-economic status, parent

occupation, educational status, income of family.

Dependent variables: Knowledge of high school students who are studying in urban
schools regarding Junk food.

7.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS OF THE STUDY

This study is designed to compare the knowledge regarding Junk food among high school
students studying in schools, Bangalore.
7.1 SOURCES OF DATA
The data will be collected from high school students studying in urban schools, Bangalore.
7.1.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design selected for the present study is non experimental method.
7.1.2 RESEARCH APPROACH
A descriptive survey approach will be used.
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7.1.3 RESEARCH SETTING
The study will be conducted in selected urban schools, Bangalore.
7.1.4 POPULATION
The population of the present study includes high school students aged about 13-16 years
and are studying in urban schools, Bangalore.

7.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

The data collection procedure will be carried out for a period of 6 weeks. The study will be
initiated after obtaining prior permission from the concerned authorities. The data will be
collected from high school students studying in urban schools on knowledge regarding
Junk food by using self administered questionnaire.

7.2.1 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Purposive sampling technique will be used for the present study.

7.2.2 SAMPLE SIZE

The sample consists of 80 high school students from urban high schools aged 13-16 years.

7.2.3 CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE COLLECTION

INCLUSION CRITERIA
o High school students aged 13-16 years, studying in urban schools, Bangalore.
o High school students who know to speak and read English and Kannada.
o Both male & female students aged 13-16 years studying in urban schools,
Bangalore.

7.2.4 EXCLUSION CRITERIA

 High school students who are not willing to participate in the study.
 High school students who are not available during data collection.
7.2.5 TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION
The structured questionnaire is used to collect the data from high school students.
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 The structured questionnaire format contains question of the following sections.
Section A: Questions related to demographic variables
Section B: Questions which aims to assess the knowledge related to Junk food.

7.2.6 PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

The data collected will be analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics.

Descriptive statistics
Mean standard deviations and mean percentage of subjects will be used to analyze the level
of knowledge regarding Junk food.

Inferential statistics
 The chi square test will be used to find out the association between socio demographical
variables and knowledge score.

7.2.7 TIME AND DURATION OF THE STUDY

The time and duration of the study will be limited to 6 weeks as per the guidelines of
university.

7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRED ANY INVESTIGATION OR

INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENT OR OTHER
HUMAN OR ANIMAL? IF SO, PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY?
No, since the study is descriptive study, interventions are not required.

7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR

INSTITUTION?
Yes, the pilot study and main study will be conducted after the approval from the research
committee. Permission will be obtained from the concerned head of the institutions. The
purpose and details of the study will be explained to the study subjects and an informed
consent will be obtained from them. Assurance will be given to the study subjects on the
confidentiality and anonymity of the data collected from them.

14
8.0 LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Ask Encyclopedia. Available from http://wiki.ask.com/food
2. Frank Diaz, Raising Excellent kids in Insane world: fear of food.
Available from: http://www.northjersey.com/community/12469384-Raising-Excellent-
kids-in-an-Insane-world-fear-of -food-pait-1.html
3. Is Junk food healthy? Available from
http://www.chillibreeze.com/articles-various/Junk-food.asp
4. Children and Junk food – available from
http://www.indiaparenting.com/food-and-nutrition/56-1186/children-and-Junk-food.html
5. John robbin. Is Mc. Donald’s betraying our kids by barrabing them with Junk food ads?
Avaible from: http://www.Huffingtonpost.com/john_roobins
6. Junk food.wikipedia.
Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/junkfood
7. Steep rise in fast food consumption in India –
Avaible from: http://www.fnbnews.com/article/detnews.9.asp?articleid-29019
8. Rajan walia, study on 59% high schools serve Jank food, April 28,2011
Available from: http://articles.timesofindia.com
9. Harmful effects of junk food.
Available from: http://www.healthyjunkie.com/article.asp?articleid=24566andharmful-
effects-of-junk-food
10. Tracee cornforth.Eating fast food means weight gain, Insulin resistance for teens.2009 July
19.
An from: http://womenshealth.about.com/od/girlshealth101/a/fastfoodteenwei.html
11. Children and Junk food
Aviable from http://www.Indiaparenting.com/food-and-nutrition/56-1186/children-and-
junk-food.html
12. Camilla chermont P.Estima, Sonia Tucunduva Philippi, Erica Lie Araki, Greisse Viero
S.Leal, Marcelle Flores Martinez, Marle dos Santos Alvarenga. Beverage and Soft drink
consumption by adolescents from a public school. Revista Paulista de Pediatria volume 29
number 1 Sao Paulo January 2011. Available from http:///www.google.co.in.
13. Silvia Hope. Report on research undertaken in Fiji in 2010. Available from
http://www.pacifichealthvoices.org
15
14. Zhu SP, Ding YJ, LU XF, Wang HW, Yang M, Wang KX, Chao XD, Zhao Z. A study on
factors related to top 10 Junk food consumption at 8 to 16 years of age, in Haidian district
of Beijin. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2008 August; 29(8):757-62. Available
from http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmed/19103107.
15. Manpreet Kaur. Jaypee’s International Journal of clinical pediatric Dentistry 2008
September-December 1(1): 13-16.
16. Dixon HG, Scully ML, Wakefield MA, White VM, Crawford DA. The effects of television
advertisements for Junk food versus nutritious food on children’s food attitudes and
preferences. Journal of Soc Sci Med 2007 October; 65(7):1311-23. Available from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmed/17587474.
17. Kelly N. Allen, Julie Smith Taylor, Ruth Anne Kuiper. Effectiveness of Nutrition
education on fast food choices in adolescents. The journal of school nursing. December
2007, volume 23, number 6. 337-341.
18. Yamamoto JA, Yamamoto JB, Yamamoto BE, Yamamoto LG. Adolescent fast food and
restaurant ordering behavior with and without calorie and fat content menu information.
Journal of adolescent Health 2005 November; 37(5): 397-402. Available from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmed/16227125
19. ZanJan. The scientific journal of Zanjan University of Medical sciences, June 2005 volume
13, number 51.
20. Cara B.Ebbeling, Kelly B. Sinclair, Mark A.Pereira, Erica Garcia-Lago, Henry A.Feldman,
David S.Ludwig. The compensation for energy intake from fast food among over weight
and lean adolescents. The journal of the American Medical Association 2004; 291 (23):
2828-2838. Available from http://jama.ama-assn.org
21. Shanthy A.Bowman, Steven L. Gortmaker, Cara B.Ebbeling, Mark A.Pereira, David
S.Ludwig. Effects of fast food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among
children in a National household survey. Official journal of the American academy of
pediatrics. Volume 113 Number 1, January 1, 2004 page number 118-118. Available from
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org
22. S A French, M Story, D Neumark-Sztainer, P Hannan, J A Fulkerson. International Journal
of Obesity 2001 December, volume 25, Number 12, pages 1823-1833. Available from
http://www.nature.com.

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9 SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

10 REMARKS OF THE GUIDE

11 11.1 NAME AND DESIGNATION OF

GUIDE

11.2 SIGNATURE

11.3 CO-GUIDE

11.4 SIGNATURE

11.5 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

11.6 SIGNATURE

12 12.1 REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL.

12.2 SIGNATURE

17
18