Adam Gaertner et al.

Ivermectin and L-Ascorbic Acid for COVID-19 (ILAC)

TRIAL DESIGN RISK GROUPS

Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomly assigned The following criteria, if any or all are met, will classify a
clinical trial. patient as at high risk of progression to severe illness.[50][51]

PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES • Diabetes of any kind

• Heart disease
GROUPS A, B:
• Cancer
• Time to symptomatic resolution of all
complaints (or rate of continuing symptoms • COPD or other chronic lung disease
at 5 days since commencement of treatment) • Obesity (BMI over 30)
• Rate of absence of symptoms 5 days since • Sickle cell disease
commencement of treatment • Malnutrition
• Pulmonary hypertension
GROUP C:
• Age of 65 years or older
• Time to extubation since commencement of ASSIGNMENT
treatment (or rate of continued intubation at
5 days since commencement of treatment) Patients will be assigned to Group A, Group B, Group C,
• Survival at 5 days since commencement of or randomly to corresponding control groups.
treatment
• GROUP A (Mild-moderate illness, low risk of
SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES progression)
Patients assigned to Group A MUST NOT be
• Time to SpO2 ≥ 96* currently receiving mechanical ventilation, or
• Time to imaging indicating absence of indicated for immediate mechanical ventilation
pulmonary infiltrates* on presentation, and MUST NOT exhibit risk
• Time to discharge since commencement of factors for progression to severe illness.
treatment*
• GROUP B (Mild-moderate illness, high risk of
*or rate of continuing admission 5 days after enrolment progression)
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Patients assigned to Group B MUST NOT be
currently receiving mechanical ventilation, not be
All persons presenting with suspected or confirmed indicated for immediate mechanical ventilation
symptomatic COVID-19, except exclusions as noted. on presentation, and MUST exhibit risk factors
for progression to severe illness.
EXCLUSIONS[50][59][60]

• Pregnant women and children under 15 • GROUP C (Serious illness)

kilograms or under 1 year of age Patients assigned to Group B MUST be currently
receiving mechanical ventilation, or indicated for
• Patients with pre-existing, non-COVID related
immediate mechanical ventilation on
history of:
presentation.
• Active peptic or other stomach ulcer
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Kidney disease ENROLMENT
• Current warfarin use Each of the three arms will consist of no less than 500
• Tuberculosis or abnormal CXR participants and their corresponding 500 controls. The trial
• Confirmed or suspected symptoms of will be considered to have reached the endpoint when 500
COVID-19 having started 21 days or more participants in each arm have reported primary and
before presentation to hospital secondary outcomes, or when ethical termination of all
arms has occurred.

1 .
Adam Gaertner et al. Ivermectin and L-Ascorbic Acid for COVID-19 (ILAC)

INTERVENTIONS L-ASCORBIC ACID

1. ORAL L-ASCORBIC ACID: 55 milligrams per The following mild adverse events are expected to occur
kilogram of body weight, reduced by 1mg per for a subset of patients.[7][54][55]
kilogram per 5 kilograms above 110 kilograms,
per 3 hours, maintained until 24 hours after last Diarrhea (esp. patients above 110kg and upon bolus
dose of ivermectin. Presentation: 80+ mesh administration)
powder measured into dissolving capsules.
• Nausea
A 115 kilogram patient will receive (55-1) x
115 = 6210 milligrams. • Stomach irritation
A 155 kilogram patient will receive (55-9) x • Bowel irritation
155 = 7130 milligrams. • Hypocoagulability
An 85 kilogram patient will receive 55 x 85
= 4675 milligrams.
The following severe adverse event, while not expected to
2. ORAL L-ASCORBIC ACID: Bolus, 110 occur in a statistically significant subset of patients, may
milligrams per kilogram of body weight, reduced occur.
by 3mg per 5 kilograms above 110 kilograms.
Presentation: 80+ mesh powder measured into • Black or bloody stool
dissolving capsules.
A 115 kilogram patient will receive (110-3)
x 115 = 12305 milligrams.
ADVERSE EVENTS
A 155 kilogram patient will receive (110-
27) x 155 = 12865 milligrams. IVERMECTIN
An 85 kilogram patient will receive 110 x
85 = 9350 milligrams. The following mild adverse events are expected to occur
for a subset of patients. [48]
3. ORAL IVERMECTIN: 150 micrograms per
kilogram of body weight, per 24 hours, rounded • Dizziness
up to the nearest increment of 3mg, and limited • Diarrhea
to a maximum of 24mg. Group A and B will • Stomach irritation
receive two doses, 24 hours apart; Group C will • Loss of appetite
receive four doses, 24 hours apart. Presentation: • Nausea
3mg pills or equivalent other preparation as • Lethargy
available. • Itchiness
A 115 kilogram patient will receive 18
• Dyspnea
milligrams.
A 155 kilogram patient will receive 24
milligrams.
A 65 kilogram patient will receive 12 The following severe adverse events may occur with
milligrams. comorbid parasitic infection. If suspected, the patient
should be directed to take only a single dose, followed by
three days of observation before proceeding with further
doses.[52]
ADVERSE EVENTS

Some minor and major adverse events concerning each • Neck and back pain
interventional drug have been reported in literature. • Red eyes
Patients should be advised and enroll with informed • Loss of vision
consent as per ethical guidelines. • Incontinence
• Confusion
• Skin disorders
COMBINATION THERAPY
The following severe adverse events have been reported in
No adverse events deriving from interactions between media as having potential to occur, presumably based on
interventional drugs are reported in literature. interpretation of drug pharmacokinetics, but without
correlation or citation. No report or observation of any of
these events has been made across a multitude of well-
2 .
Adam Gaertner et al. Ivermectin and L-Ascorbic Acid for COVID-19 (ILAC)

powered and peer reviewed safety investigations. Advice to TABLE 1. INTERVENTIONS

patients should be guided by ethical principles
accordingly.[53] Multiply kilograms by 2.2 to obtain approximate weight in pounds.

GROUP INTERVENTION PRESENTATION DOSE FREQUENCY

• Incontinence
• Gait abnormality / impaired ambulation
A/B ASCORBIC ACID 80+ MESH 110mg/kg* ONCE
• Extreme lethargy POWDER
ASCORBIC ACID 80+ MESH 55mg/kg** PER 3
• Extreme dizziness POWDER HOURS
• Seizures IVERMECTIN DROPS 6mg/ml 150mcg/kg † PER 24
HOURS
• Coma REPEAT 1x

• Low blood pressure

C ASCORBIC ACID 80+ MESH 110mg/kg* ONCE
• Liver damage and attendant symptoms POWDER
ASCORBIC ACID 80+ MESH 55mg/kg** PER 3
POWDER HOURS
IVERMECTIN DROPS 6mg/ml 150mcg/kg † PER 24
HOURS
ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING REPEAT 3x
*Reduce by 3mg per 5kg above 110kg. Until 24h after last dose of of ivermectin.
**Reduce by 1mg per 5kg above 110kg. Until 24h after last dose of of ivermectin.
Blood samples will be collected from each participant and †If comorbid parasitic infection is suspected, observe for 3 days between 1st and further doses.
Ensure patient remains well hydrated in order to minimize likelihood of adverse events with
stored without analysis upon enrollment. All adverse events ascorbic acid & ensure optimal kidney function.
of any nature will be noted in the report, correlated as
GROUP INTERVENTION PRESENTATION DOSE FREQUENCY
available data permits and compared to control.

Upon reporting of an unexpected adverse event, A/B ASCORBIC ACID 80+ MESH 110mg/kg* ONCE
POWDER
continuation of treatment shall be decided by the treating ASCORBIC ACID 80+ MESH 55mg/kg** PER 3
medical professional based on severity, resolution, POWDER HOURS
IVERMECTIN 6MG TABLETS 150mcg/kg† PER 24
likelihood of recurrence and patient wishes, in accordance HOURS
with ethical guidelines, and blood sample shall be analyzed REPEAT 1x

at the earliest opportunity to rule out undetected C ASCORBIC ACID 80+ MESH 110mg/kg* ONCE
disqualifying factors. Adverse events shall be recorded on POWDER
ASCORBIC ACID 80+ MESH 55mg/kg** PER 3
numerically indexed ENROLMENT RECORD. POWDER HOURS
IVERMECTIN 6MG TABLETS 150mcg/kg† PER 24
Upon reporting of an expected mild adverse event, the HOURS
REPEAT 3x
treating physician’s good judgment is engaged as to *Reduce by 3mg per 5kg above 110kg. Until 24h after last dose of of ivermectin.
necessary/necessity of treatment, and continuation of **Reduce by 1mg per 5kg above 110kg. Until 24h after last dose of of ivermectin.
†If comorbid parasitic infection is suspected, observe for 3 days between 1st and further doses.
treatment is recommended. Ensure patient remains well hydrated in order to minimize likelihood of adverse events with
ascorbic acid & ensure optimal kidney function.
Upon reporting of an expected severe adverse event,
continuation of treatment shall be decided by the treating
physician based on resolution, likelihood of recurrence and
patient wishes, in accordance with ethical guidelines.

COMPLIANCE

Compliance is expected to become an issue from both

patient and provider due to various factors, including
workload and mild adverse events. Non-compliance with
L-ascorbic acid protocol may lead to rapid resurgence of
COVID-19 symptoms; resumed compliance at the earliest
opportunity is recommended.

Non-compliance with L-ascorbic acid protocol is not

disqualifying, so long as protocol is resumed at the earliest
opportunity, and may be examined in the report. Non-
compliance with ivermectin protocol, constituting failing to
take a first or repeated dose within three hours of the time
it is required, is disqualifying, and such patients should have
their enrollment terminated. Such disqualified patients and
their outcomes shall be reported separately and not
considered a member of any formal cohort.
3 .
Adam Gaertner et al. Ivermectin and L-Ascorbic Acid for COVID-19 (ILAC)

METHODOLOGY 10. Nurse shall collect medication or placebo from

Pharmacist, by Pharmacist's reference to
ELEMENTS ASSIGNMENT DATA SHEET, for provision
to patient.
• Up to 260kg of pure L-ascorbic acid
• Up to 8000 doses of 12mg ivermectin pills (or 11. Nurse shall record time of intervention on
equivalent in another presentation) ENROLMENT RECORD.
• 260,000 “000” capsules**
12. Between 30 and 60 minutes subsequent to
• One manual capsule filler per pharmacy** intervention, patient SpO2 is to be measured.
• At least one pulse oximeter per hospital Time of measurement and result is to be
• Access to X-ray imaging equipment recorded on ENROLMENT RECORD.
• One nurse, one doctor, one pharmacist, and one
X-ray imaging operator per hospital 13. If SpO2 indicates 96 or above, Nurse shall send
patient for CXR imaging, to be stored with
• Access to hospital premises for patients and
ENROLMENT RECORD.
medical staff
• Various paperwork as described 14. If CXR indicates notable improvement, Doctor
shall evaluate patient for discharge, and record
**Optional: L-ascorbic acid may also be provided mixed time of discharge on ENROLMENT
and partially dissolved into a cool cup of water. RECORD.

15. Discharged patients are to be provided

medication and instructions for self-
PROCEDURE
administration as per INTERVENTIONS.
1. Before beginning enrolment, Pharmacist shall 16. Repeat steps 10-14 for remainder of trial
prepare interventions and placebo as per duration.
PREPARATION and make available to Nurse.
17. Patients may be advised of their intervention or
2. Participating staff shall receive ETHICS control cohort assignment upon completion of
BRIEFING. the trial or ethical termination of control groups.
3. Nurse shall assist with patient completion of pre- 18. Analysis and reporting will be conducted with
screening, enrolment and ethical paperwork. both ENROLMENT RECORD and
4. Nurse shall review paperwork to determine ASSIGNMENT DATA SHEET made available
eligibility for enrolment and cohort assignment to investigator.

5. Upon enrolment, a numerically indexed DISCHARGE

ENROLMENT RECORD is to be created, and
Enrolled patients must not be discharged until the
age, weight, gender and cohort shall be recorded
following criteria have been met:
by the nurse.

6. Nurse shall calculate required intervention doses • Symptomatic recovery has been observed.
and record on ENROLMENT RECORD. OR
• Trial has terminated.
7. Nurse shall affix numerical index to PRE-
SCREENING and ENROLMENT RECORD Discharged patients are to be followed up by phone-call
paperwork, and index number shall be provided and asked to self-report their condition, no later than 5 days
to the patient. after discharge. The treating physician’s good judgement is
engaged as to whether a patient who otherwise meets
8. Nurse shall evaluate patient, take SpO2 criteria shall be discharged.
measurement with pulse oximeter, collect blood
sample, record on ENROLMENT RECORD,
and send patient for CXR imaging, to be stored
with ENROLMENT RECORD. ETHICS BRIEFING

9. Numerical index of ENROLMENT Participating medical professionals are to be presented with

RECORD shall be provided to Pharmacist document described in ETHICAL TERMINATION OF
for assignment to intervention or control, to TRIAL, and advised that they may request, at any time, the
be recorded on ASSIGNMENT DATA termination of control arm and provision of treatment to
SHEET with required dose. all enrolled patients.
4 .
Adam Gaertner et al. Ivermectin and L-Ascorbic Acid for COVID-19 (ILAC)

PREPARATION OF INTERVENTION & CONTROL have been consistently overstated due to various
confounding factors[38], and thorough review of
To maintain blinding, appearance of intervention and literature[39][40][41][42] provides no apparent justification for
control must be identical. Presentation of L-ascorbic acid presently understood contra-indications in pregnancy,
as 80+ mesh powder is mandatory; therefore, before nursing, infants or young children. It has also been proven
commencement, Pharmacist or assistant shall prepare an safe at doses far higher than necessary therapeutic dose.
appropriate quantity of oral dissolving capsules containing Adverse events have been reported, however with very
L-ascorbic acid for intervention. Alternatively, powder may weak evidentiary linkage to ivermectin[48]. While the
be mixed with a small cup of cold water. Taste will be very absence of evidence is not evidence in itself, previously
distinctive; however as patients will not be provided both conducted studies have concluded that pregnant women
intervention and control, a strong taste is not expected to and young children at risk of disease should not be excluded
breach blinding. Such preparation measures will be from treatment.[43] In summary, this is an exceptionally safe
recorded, reported and analyzed. drug with overwhelmingly positive reports of efficacy.

SUBSTANCES FOR CONTROL ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF IVERMECTIN

It is noted that the SARS-CoV-2 virion demonstrates Various studies affirm that ivermectin has broad-spectrum
increased virulence in the presence of free sugars in the antiviral activity. In vitro findings show its effects against
bloodstream[56]. Therefore use of sugars for placebo is Dengue[30][31] and HIV-1[31]. According to published studies,
considered inappropriate as control group may be skewed ivermectin can disassociate the preformed heterodimer
to worse outcomes. IMPα/β1, responsible of nuclear transport of viral protein
Due to various presentations of ivermectin existing, various loads[31]. Nuclear transport of viral proteins is essential for
substances may be similar in appearance and viral inhibition of human antiviral responses, and absent
administration. Control shall be determined by a this inhibition[64], human cells can very quickly destroy viral
pharmacist per location and reported; any potentially RNA by means of PKR phosphorylation[62][63]. Ivermectin
confounding effects from a pharmacist’s choice shall be may be highly effective against a great many viruses.[31][32][33].
analyzed in the final report. Furthermore, animal experiments demonstrate inhibitory
action against RNA polymerase[34] and blocking of the
CD147 receptor[35]. It has also been demonstrated to result
in elevated levels of group I interferons[45], the backbone of
ETHICAL TERMINATION OF TRIAL the natural human antiviral immune response[46][47]. When
considered in context of observed results, it is apparent that
A document shall be made available to participating medical
ivermectin demonstrates a strong antiviral action.
professionals, which may be used to request termination of
control arms and provision of interventions to all
presenting patients. This shall be reviewed by
investigator(s) and ethical advisors, and action taken as IN VITRO REDUCTION OF SARS COV-2 VIRAL
appropriate. Such early termination requests and actions REPLICATION WITH IVERMECTIN[23]
taken are to be reported in final results.
The first study about Ivermectin’s effect on COVID-19
was headed by Kylie Wagstaff from the Biomedicine
Discovery Institute (BDI) of Monash University in
IVERMECTIN Melbourne, Australia[23]. The study was performed on in
vitro cell cultures. It was found that with a single Ivermectin
SAFETY OF IVERMECTIN USAGE
dose of 5 mM applied 2 hours after the infection with
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic considered essential by WHO, SARS-Cov-2, the viral RNA lowered by 93% within 24
approved by the FDA, and has been widely used in humans hours, and by 99.8% after 48 hours. This is approximately
worldwide for almost 40 years. Until 2008, close to 2 billion equal to a 5,000 times reduction of coronavirus’ RNA in 48
tablets were provided to more than 68 million people hours. Investigators administered a very large overdose of
around Africa, Latin America and Yemen, with which ivermectin to cell cultures, and subsequent analysis based
Onchocerciasis eradication was achieved[43]. It is a on this has erroneously[20][21][22][27][28][37] determined that
medication well known for its use in humans; it is not an efficacious in vivo effects are unlikely to be obtained at safe
experimental drug, it’s patent-free, easily available in very concentrations.[36]
large quantities, safe, and well tolerated at the usual dosage
of 150 mcg per kilogram, with only very minor side effects
reported. It is also noted by the WHO that safety concerns

5 .
Adam Gaertner et al. Ivermectin and L-Ascorbic Acid for COVID-19 (ILAC)

FIRST PUBLISHED STUDY ON USAGE OF IVERMECTIN-DOXYCYCLINE VS

IVERMECTIN FOR COVID-19 RETRACTED[29] HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE-AZITHROMYCIN[20]

The first study published of the usage of ivermectin in Patients exhibiting mild-moderate symptoms were enrolled
patients with COVID-19, entitled “Usefulness of randomly to trial either ivermectin with doxycycline, or
Ivermectin in COVID-19 Illness”[44], was available online hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin. Count of patients
since April 19th, 2020. The study was based on potentially is not disclosed. In the ivermectin arm, patients were
falsified data from Surgisphere and later retracted; due to provided a single 200mcg/kg dose of ivermectin. All
this retraction, interest in ivermectin waned in Western reached symptomatic recovery at mean 5.93 days, with first
countries. However, its publication spurred the initiation of PCR negative test at mean 8.93 days. The trial demonstrated
multiple studies across various countries, which have all strong efficacy of both drug combinations, with statistically
since reported much stronger results than originally insignificant difference in time to symptom-free and PCR-
asserted by interpretation of the unreliable Surgisphere negative results.
data.

PROPHYLACTIC USE OF IVERMECTIN[37

ICON (IVERMECTIN IN COVID-19)[28]
340 contacts of COVID-19 infected patients were enrolled
280 patients were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study in a trial of prophylactic ivermectin. 203 were treated and
in Broward County, FL, conducted by Dr. Jean-Jacques 101 were control. 7.4% of participants in the intervention
Rajter. Patients with severe pulmonary involvement arm developed mild COVID-19, whilst 58.4% in the
(requiring FiO2 ≥ 50, or non-invasive or invasive control arm developed COVID-19. This clearly
mechanical ventilation). The key outcome demonstrated a demonstrates prophylactic efficacy of ivermectin and
total reduction of mortality from 25.2% to 15.0% (CI 0.29- antiviral action.
0.96, P=.03), and among patients with severe disease,
reduction in mortality from 80.7% to 38.8%, (CI 0.05-0.47,
P=.001). Mortality difference remained significant after MEDIA REPORTS
adjustment for confounding factors.
Various factors preclude obtaining full trial reports from
various countries outside of the United States. However,
A WONDER DRUG IN THE ARSENAL AGAINST global media report some use cases.
COVID-19[27]

55 articles were chosen from PubMed, Google Scholar, IVERMECTIN APPROVED FOR 204 MILLION
Scopus, PubMed Central and Medline for scoping review RESIDENTS OF UTTER PRADESH, INDIA[19]
of ivermectin, examining in vitro and in vivo results in
antiviral application and pharmacokinetic mechanisms. The Indian media report the approval of ivermectin as
review concludes ivermectin demonstrates inhibitory replacement for hydroxychloroquine in Uttar Pradesh,
effects in vivo against both RNA and DNA viruses at India’s most populous state, with approximately 204 million
approved doses. Notably, the review also highlights the residents. Indian state government has noted ongoing
absence of evolved disease resistance to ivermectin. excellent results with a perfect safety record, and issued a
mandate that all persons diagnosed with, or suspected to
have COVID-19 must be provided with ivermectin.
TREATMENT OF LONG-TERM COVID-19
PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT SYMPTOMS[21]
‘EXTRAORDINARY RESULTS’ REPORTED FOR 622
Gustavo Chang and Eduardo Saavedra enrolled 33 patients IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC[22]
demonstrating chronic infection and symptoms of
COVID-19. Treatment with two standard doses of Dr. José Natalio Redondo reports recovery occurring as
ivermectin resulted in complete recovery for 87.9%, with quickly as 48-72 hours after administration. 783 patients
some improvement in 94%. Further daily repeats of were received in an emergency room, of which 622 received
ivermectin brought complete recovery to 94% of enrollees. ivermectin; all made a quick recovery.
The study concludes treatment with ivermectin resulted in
clinical improvement in a very high percentage of cases.

6 .
Adam Gaertner et al. Ivermectin and L-Ascorbic Acid for COVID-19 (ILAC)

MAYOR OF ITAJAI, BRAZIL, PROVIDES nausea and stomach pain amongst the more common, and
PROPHYLAXIS TO 200,000+ RESIDENTS[26] one patient presented urticaria.

Dr. Volnei Morastoni, the mayor of Itajai, having reviewed As of April 28th, 2020, 247 patients have been treated with
a multitude of promising reports across the Brazil Ivermectin, all of them having favorable results. From the
concerning the use of ivermectin, made available 247 cases, more than 100 were only given ivermectin,
prophylactic ivermectin to all residents who wished to opposed to the other remaining cases which were initially
receive it. No negative events were reported and no further treated with hydroxychloroquine, but was discontinued
information is available at this time. after a shortage in the city; this was one of the reasons why
ivermectin started to be used. Currently, data is being
gathered for a retrospective study. Follow-up of treated
OFFICIAL APPROVALS cases shows that none of them have had any complications
and that they are apparently healthy.
On 8 May 2020, the government of Peru approved
ivermectin for COVID-19 treatment[24]. Peru has since
experienced supply shortages and logistical challenges that ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF ASCORBIC ACID
have yet to be overcome, however the impact of pandemic
has significantly eased. On 12 May 2020, the government Ascorbic acid has long been targeted by misleading science
of Bolivia approved the use of ivermectin for COVID-19 and media, and commercially available formulations
treatment under informed consent structures[25]. On Aug 8 including sugar products that significantly reduce
2020, Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, efficacy[14]. Primary utility of ascorbic acid against COVID-
consisting of over 200 million residents, replaced 19 is engorgement of human neutrophil immune cells[3][2],
hydroxychloroquine with ivermectin in standard greatly increasing efficacy of virion phagocytosis to reduce
protocol[19]. viral load[61]. Secondary utility is found in modulation of
immune cytokine profile to downregulate production of
inflammatory cytokines[49][57]. Tertiary beneficial effects are
WORLDWIDE ANECDOTAL EXPERIENCE many and varied[58], and outside the scope of this document.
Reports are considered of its use in both intravenous and
Results from multiple independent physicians are collated. oral form. Correct dosing schedule is referenced from
Due to lack of established guidance, protocols differ confidential documents which are presently unavailable.
slightly; risk groups are unaccounted for. In Colombia, Dr. Similar, but less precise and lower dosing schedules are
Andres Velasco reports 64 patients; 22 PCR positive, 40 reported in various literature as demonstrating good, but
presumed symptomatic, with 2 in critical care. All treated limited effect.
with ivermectin and doxycycline, and all have made full
recovery. In Brazil, Dr. Raphael Furtado reports 45
symptomatic cases, without testing data. All treated with THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VITAMIN C IN
ivermectin and ancillary drugs per needed, and all have PREVENTING AND RELIEVING THE SYMPTOMS
made full recovery. In India, Dr. Dharmendra Singh, OF VIRUS-INDUCED RESPIRATORY
cardiology specialist at Metro Hospital & Heart Institute, INFECTIONS[6]
reports significant official resistance to the use of
ivermectin, necessitating secretive training of other doctors Participants were administered 1000mg oral ascorbic acid
who have subsequently successfully treated “thousands” of per hour for 6 hours at commencement of the trial, and
patients. three times daily subsequently. Intervention group reported
85% rate of reduction of symptoms as compared to control.
This study considered cold and flu viruses.
REPORT OF 247 OUTPATIENT CASES OF COVID-
19 TREATED WITH IVERMECTIN[16]
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN C AND
Dr. Tavarez notes that ivermectin administered within the PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY[2]
illness’ first stages is very effective and demonstrates
positive results, with most cases becoming asymptomatic
within 24 hours. In addition, he remarks that even cases
with over 50% pulmonary involvement responded Uptake of Vitamin C is greatly enhanced in neutrophils
positively. None of the treated patients has had when faced with infection. This enables enhanced
complications. No fatalities have been reported, presenting functionality in viral phagocytosis.
a mortality rate of 0%. Side effects have been minimal;

7 .