CSCA0201

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTING

Chapter 9
The Internet

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The Internet

1. The Internet
2. Types of Network
3. What Makes Internet Works?
4. Internet Equipment
5. Internet Applications

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The Internet
The Internet

• A global network connecting

millions of computers
• More than 100 countries are
linked into exchanges of
data, news and opinions.
• The Internet links are
computer networks all over
the world so that users can
share resources and
communicate with each
other.

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The Internet
Types of Computer Network

Local Area Network (LAN)

• A LAN connects network devices over a relatively

short distance.
• A networked office building, school, or home usually
contains a single LAN, though sometimes one
building will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one
per room), and occasionally a LAN will span a group
of nearby buildings.

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The Internet
Types of Computer Network

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

• A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a large

computer network that usually spans a city or a large
campus.
• A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow
sharing of regional resources.
• A MAN typically covers an area of between 5km and
50km diameter.
• A MAN might be owned and operated by a single
organization, but it usually will be used by many
individuals and organizations.
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The Internet
Types of Computer Network

Wide Area Network(WAN)

• WAN covers a large geographic area such as

country, continent or even whole of the world.
• A WAN is a geographically-dispersed collection of
LANs.
• Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any
one organization but rather exist under collective or
distributed ownership and management.

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The Internet
Internet Access

• To gain access to the internet, the user has to

register to any Internet Service Provider (ISP).
• Types of Internet connection:
– Dail-up
– Integrated services digital network
– Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
– Wireless Internet Connections
– Internet over Satellite

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The Internet
Internet Access

Dial-up

• Slower that other type of connection

• Connects through existing phone lines using dial-up
modem
• Cheapest
• Must “dial-up” to connect to Internet and disconnect
when done.
• Cannot use Internet and phone line at the same
time.

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The Internet
Internet Access

Dial-up

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The Internet
Internet Access

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

• Broadband – faster than dial-up connection

• Connects through phone lines, but does not require
phone service
• Always on
• Internet and phone can be used in the same time
• Unavailable in many location

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The Internet
Internet Access

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

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The Internet
Internet Access

Cable

• Broadband – faster than dial-up and DSL

• Use cable connection
• Always on
• Only available where cable is available

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The Internet
Internet Access

Cable

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The Internet
Internet Access

Satellite

• Broadband – faster than dial-up, but data is delayed

• Connects via satellites
• Can be affected by rain and snow
• Does not require phone lines and cables
• Can be use anywhere around the world

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The Internet
Internet Access

Satellite

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The Internet
Internet Access

3G and 4G

• Available for mobile phones, computers and tablets

• Connects wirelessly through 3G/4G provider
• Can access Internet anywhere
• Slower than DSL and Cable connection

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The Internet
Internet Access

3G and 4G

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The Internet
Choosing Internet Service Provider

Below are some things to consider as you research

ISPs:

• Speed
• Price
• Ease of Installation
• Service Record
• Technical Support
• Contract Terms

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The Internet
How Internet Works?

• Because the Internet is a global network of

computers each computer connected to the Internet
must have a unique address.
• This address is known as an IP address.

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The Internet
Internet Requirement

• Computer with modem/router/network card.

• Internet account with ISP.
• Application software:
– Web browser (Firefox, Chrome)
– Email client (MS Outlook)
– Plugins software (Adobe Reader, Flash Player)
• Optional: Speaker, Printer, Webcam

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The Internet
Internet Usages

• Communication
• Send and receive emails
• Download files
• Post your opinion to a newsgroup
• Chatting
• Surf the world wide web
• Business
• Shopping
• Entertainment

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The Internet
Internet Applications

• An Internet application is an interactive, compiled

application that can be accessed through a
corporate or through the Internet.
• Internet applications can perform complex business
processes on either the client or the server.
• The application uses the Internet protocol to receive
requests from a client, typically a Web browser,
process associated code, and return data to the
browser.

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The Internet
Internet Applications

• The World-Wide Web (WWW)

• Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Search Engine
• Chatting
• Video Conferencing
• E-Commerce

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The Internet
World Wide Web (WWW)

• The World Wide Web is a

system of interlinked hypertext
documents accessed via the
Internet
• With a web browser, one can
view web pages that may
contain text, images, videos,
and other multimedia and
navigate between them via
hyperlinks

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The Internet
World Wide Web (WWW)

• It use a protocol called HTTP – Hypertext Transfer

Protocol
• HTTP defines how messages are formatted and
transmitted, and what actions Web servers and
browsers should take in response to various
commands.

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The Internet
World Wide Web (WWW)

• A Uniform Resource Locator, or URL is the

address of a document you'll find on the WWW.
• The elements in a URL:
Protocol://server's address/filename
• Example:
http://www.google.com/index.html

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The Internet
World Wide Web (WWW)

Types of website:

• Static
– A static website is one that has web pages stored
on the server in the format that is sent to a client
web browser. It is primarily coded in Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML)
• Dynamic
– A dynamic website is one that changes or
customizes itself frequently and automatically,
based on certain criteria.

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The Internet
Electronic Mail (Email)

• The transmission of messages over communications

networks.
• It is a fast and efficient way to communicate with
friends or colleagues.
• You can communicate with one person at a time or
thousands; you can receive and send files and other
information.

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The Internet
Electronic Mail (Email)

• Basic email functions:

– send and receive mail messages
– save your messages in a file
– print mail messages
– reply to mail messages
– attach a file to a mail message

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The Internet
Electronic Mail (Email)

• Email address
someone@mail server
• The email address has three parts:
– a user name
– an "at" sign (@)
– the address of the user's mail server
• Example
Harris@ftms.edu.my

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The Internet
Email Client

• An email client is a computer program used to

manage a user's email.
• Popular email clients include Microsoft Outlook,
Pegasus Mail, Mozilla's Thunderbird, and Apple
Inc.'s Mail.

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The Internet
Web-based mail

• Is an e-mail service intended to be primarily

accessed via a web browser.
• Very popular webmail providers:
– Gmail
– Yahoo! Mail
– Hotmail
• Web mail is popular as it allows you to send or
receive e-mail from anywhere.

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The Internet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• The protocol for exchanging files over the Internet.

• Used for moving files between two hosts on a
TCP/IP network.
• FTP is most commonly used to download a file from
a server using the Internet or to upload a file to a
server.

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The Internet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• To do FTP, a user invokes one of two commands:

– get - the command for transferring a file from
another server to your own computer.
– put - the command for moving a file from your
computer to another one.

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The Internet
Search Engine
• A search engine is designed to
search for information on the
internet.
• Search engine presents the
search results in the form of a
search results list.
• The search results can be web
pages, images, videos, and other
type of files.
• Example:
– Google
– Bing
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The Internet
Chatting

• Chatting is the other

method for Internet
conversation.
• It enables people connected
anywhere on the Internet to
join in live discussions.
• Chat sessions allow many
users to join in the same
free-form conversation,
usually centered around a
discussion topic.

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The Internet
Chatting

Examples:

• MSN Messenger
• Yahoo Messenger
• IRC
• Pidgin

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The Internet
Video Conferencing

• A videoconference or
video conference is a set
of interactive
telecommunication
technologies which allow
two or more locations to
interact via two-way video
and audio transmissions
simultaneously.

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The Internet
Video Conferencing

The other components required for a videoconferencing

system include:

• Video input and output

• Audio input and output
• Data transfer
• Computer

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The Internet
E-Commerce

• Electronic commerce or E-
Commerce consists of the buying
and selling of products or
services over electronic systems
such as the Internet and other
computer networks.
• It includes the entire online
process of developing,
marketing, selling, delivering,
servicing and paying for products
and services.

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The Internet
E-Commerce

Some common applications related to electronic

commerce are the following:
• Domestic and international payment systems
• Group buying
• Automated online assistants
• Online shopping and order tracking
• Online banking
• Shopping cart software
• Electronic tickets

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