Introduction to Web Technologies

Omosebi Adeoye
adesong2002@yahoo.com
Lecture Overview

1. The internet
2. Types of network
3. What makes internet work?
4. Internet equipment
5. Internet applications.
 The Internet
• A global network connecting millions of
computers.
• More than 100 countries are linked into
exchanges of data, news and opinions.
• The Internet links are computer networks
all over the world so
that users can share resources
and communicate with each other
Types of Computer Network

• Local Area Network (LAN)

A LAN connects network devices over a
relatively short distance.
• A networked office building, school, or
home usually contains a single LAN, though
sometimes one building will contain a few
small LANs (perhaps one per room), and
occasionally a LAN will span a group of
nearby buildings.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a large
computer network that usually spans a city or a
large campus.
• A MAN often acts as a high speed network to
allow sharing of regional resources.
• A MAN typically covers an area of between
5km and 50km diameter.
• A MAN might be owned and operated by a
single organization, but it usually will be used
by many individuals and organizations.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a large
computer network that usually spans a city or a
large campus.
• A MAN often acts as a high speed network to
allow sharing of regional resources.
• A MAN typically covers an area of between
5km and 50km diameter.
• A MAN might be owned and operated by a
single organization, but it usually will be used
by many individuals and organizations.
Wide Area Network(WAN)

• WAN covers a large geographic area such

as country, continent or even whole of the
world. • A WAN is a geographically-
dispersed collection of LANs.
• Most WANs (like the Internet) are not
owned by any one organization but rather
exist under collective or distributed
ownership and management.
Internet access
• To gain access to the internet, the user has
to register to any Internet Service Provider
(ISP).
• Types of Internet connection:
– Dail-up
– Integrated services digital network
– Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
– Wireless Internet Connections
– Internet over Satellite
Internet access

Dial-up
• Slower that other type of connection
• Connects through existing phone lines using
dial-up modem
• Cheapest
• Must “dial-up” to connect to Internet and
disconnect when done.
• Cannot use Internet and phone line at the
same time.
Internet access

Dial-up
Internet access

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

• Broadband – faster than dial-up connection
• Connects through phone lines, but does
not require phone service
• Always on
• Internet and phone can be used in the
same time
• Unavailable in many location
Internet access

• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

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Internet access

Cable
• Broadband – faster than dial-up and DSL
• Use cable connection
• Always on
• Only available where cable is available
Internet access

Cable

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Internet access

Satellite
• Broadband – faster than dial-up, but data is
delayed
• Connects via satellites
• Can be affected by rain and snow
• Does not require phone lines and cables
• Can be use anywhere around the world
Internet access

Satellite

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Internet access

3G and 4G
• Available for mobile phones, computers
and tablets
• Connects wirelessly through 3G/4G
provider
• Can access Internet anywhere
• Slower than DSL and Cable connection
Internet access

3G and 4G

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Internet access

Choosing Internet Service Provider

Below are some things to consider as you
research ISPs:
• Speed
• Price
• Ease of Installation
• Service Record
• Technical Support
• Contract Terms
Internet access

How Internet Works?

• Because the Internet is a global network of
computers each computer connected to the
Internet must have a unique address.
• This address is known as an IP address.

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Internet access

Internet Requirement
• Computer with modem/router/network
card.
• Internet account with ISP.
• Application software: – Web browser
(Firefox, Chrome) – Email client (MS
Outlook) – Plugins software (Adobe Reader,
Flash Player)
• Optional: Speaker, Printer, Webcam.
Internet access

Internet Usages
• Communication
• Send and receive emails
• Download files
• Post your opinion to a newsgroup
• Chatting
• Surf the world wide web
• Business
• Shopping
• Entertainment
Internet access
Internet Applications
• An Internet application is an interactive,
compiled application that can be accessed
through a corporate or through the Internet.
• Internet applications can perform complex
business processes on either the client or the
server.
• The application uses the Internet protocol to
receive requests from a client, typically a Web
browser, process associated code, and return
data to the browser.
Internet access

Internet Applications
• The World-Wide Web (WWW)
• Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Search Engine
• Chatting
• Video Conferencing
• E-Commerce
Internet access

World Wide Web (WWW)

• The World Wide Web is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed
via the Internet
• With a web browser, one can view web
pages that may contain text, images, videos,
and other multimedia and navigate between
them via hyperlinks

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Internet access

World Wide Web (WWW)

• It use a protocol called HTTP – Hypertext
Transfer Protocol
• HTTP defines how messages are
formatted and transmitted, and what actions
Web servers and browsers should take in
response to various commands.
Internet access

World Wide Web (WWW)

• A Uniform Resource Locator, or URL is the
address of a document you'll find on the
WWW.
• The elements in a URL: Protocol://server's
address/filename
• Example:
http://www.google.com/index.html
Internet access

World Wide Web (WWW)

Types of website:
• Static – A static website is one that has
web pages stored on the server in the
format that is sent to a client web browser. It
is primarily coded in Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML)
• Dynamic – A dynamic website is one that
changes or customizes itself frequently and
automatically, based on certain criteria.
Internet access

Electronic Mail (Email)

• The transmission of messages over
communications networks.
• It is a fast and efficient way to
communicate with friends or colleagues.
• You can communicate with one person at a
time or thousands; you can receive and
send files and other information.
Internet access

Electronic Mail (Email)

• Basic email functions:
– send and receive mail messages
– save your messages in a file
– print mail messages
– reply to mail messages
– attach a file to a mail message
Internet access

Electronic Mail (Email)

• Email address someone@mail server
• The email address has three parts: – a
user name – an "at" sign (@) – the address
of the user's mail server
• Example
Harris@ftms.edu.my
Internet access

Email client
• An email client is a computer program used to
manage a user's email.
• Popular email clients include Microsoft
Outlook, Pegasus Mail, Mozilla's Thunderbird,
and Apple Inc.'s Mail.

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Internet access

Web-based mail
• Is an e-mail service intended to be
primarily accessed via a web browser.
• Very popular webmail providers: – Gmail –
Yahoo! Mail – Hotmail
• Web mail is popular as it allows you to
send or receive e-mail from anywhere.
Internet access

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• The protocol for exchanging files over the
Internet.
• Used for moving files between two hosts on a
TCP/IP network.
• FTP is most commonly used to download a
file from a server using the Internet
or to upload a file to a server.
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Internet access

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• To do FTP, a user invokes one of two
commands:
– get - the command for transferring a file
from another server to your own computer.
– put - the command for moving a file from
your computer to another one.
Internet access

Search Engine
• A search engine is designed to search for
information on the internet.
• Search engine presents the search results in
the form of a search results list.
• The search results can be web pages,
images, videos, and other type of files.
• Example:
– Google f11.
– Bing
Internet access

Chatting
• Chatting is the other method for Internet
conversation.
• It enables people connected anywhere on the
Internet to join in live discussions .
• Chat sessions allow many users to join in the
same free -form conversation,
usually centred
around a discussion topic. f12
Internet access

Chatting
Examples:
• MSN Messenger
• Yahoo Messenger
• IRC
• Pidgin
Internet access

Video Conferencing
• A videoconference or video conference is a
set of interactive telecommunication
technologies which allow two or more
locations to interact via two-way video and
audio transmissions simultaneously.

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Internet access

Video Conferencing
The other components required for a
videoconferencing system include:
• Video input and output
• Audio input and output
• Data transfer
• Computer
Internet access

E-Commerce
• Electronic commerce or ECommerce consists of
the buying and selling of products or services over
electronic systems such as the Internet and other
computer networks.
• It includes the entire online process of developing,
marketing, selling, delivering, servicing
and paying for products
and services.
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Internet access

E-Commerce
Some common applications related to electronic
commerce are the following:
• Domestic and international payment systems
• Group buying
• Automated online assistants
• Online shopping and order tracking
• Online banking
• Shopping cart software
• Electronic tickets
Thank You