Afganistan Issues

AFGANISTAN ISSUES :
INTRODUCTIONN OF AFGANISTAN :
 42% poshtoon
 27% Tajik
 09% Uzbek
 08% hazard
1. BACKGROND OF AFGANISTAN
2. AHAMAD SHAH DOORANI PUT THE BASE OF AFGANISTAN
3. AFGANISTAN IS A QUGMIRE OF WAR
4. AFGANISTAN RALTION WITH RUSSIA
5. RUSSIA INTRVANTION IN AFGASNISTAN
6. MUJAHDEENS INTERFERANCE
7. OPERATION CYCLON
8. TALIBAN AND AL QIDA EPISOD
9. GENVA ACCORDS
10. RECOGNITION OF TALIBAM
11. 9/11 INCIDENT ANDF AFGANISTAN
12. GENERAL ELECTION IN AFGANISTAN
13. TALIBAN AND AMAERICA PEACE AGREEMENT
14. A WAY FORWORD
15. CONCLUSION
BACKGROUND OF AFGANISTAN
 Ahmad shah doorani put the base of Afghanistan before it Afghanistan consist in the shape of
tribes.
 Mohammad Zahir Shah, king of Afghanistan, who provided an era of stable government to

his country. In a bloodless coup on July 17, 1973, Zahir Shah was deposed.
 The leader of the coup, General Mohammad Daud Khan proclaimed Afghanistan a republic
with himself as its president.zahir shah killed by daud khan which become the president and
declare secular state .after that the murder of king daud khan Noor Muhammad Tariq make
the president and assassination by the hafizullah ameen after six months hafizullah amen
murder by babrak karmal.babrak karmal by najeebullah and government are more poor and
Russia intervention in Afghanistan.
AFGANISTAN IS QUGMIRE OF WARS
The wars Afghanistan continues destroying lives, due to the direct consequences of violence and
the war induced breakdown of public health, security, and infrastructure. Prior wars and
civil conflict in the country have made Afghan society extremely vulnerable to the indirect
effects of the current war.
AFGANISTAN RELATION WITH RUSSIA :
 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, invasion of Afghanistan in late December 1979 by troops

from the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union intervened in support of the Afghan communist
government in its conflict with anti-communist Muslim guerrillas during the Afghan
War (1978–92) and remained in Afghanistan until mid-February 1989.
MUJAHDEEN INTERFERENCE:
 Islamist guerrilla fighters known as mujahideen.mujahideen come together in Pakistan to

form alliance against Soviet forces. Half of Afghan population now estimated to be displaced
by war, with many fleeing to neighboring Iran or Pakistan.US begins supplying mujahedeen
with Stinger missiles, enabling them to shoot down Soviet helicopter gunships. Babrak
Karmal replaced by Najeebullah as head of Soviet-backed regime.
 1988 Afghanistan, USSR, the US and Pakistan sign peace accords and Soviet Union begins
pulling out troops.
OPERATION CYCLON:
 all those help which provide America to Taliban is called operation cyclone. Operation
Cyclone was the code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) program
to arm and finance the mujahedeen (jihadists) in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989, prior to and
during the military intervention by the USSR in support of its client, the Democratic
Republic of Afghanistan
 Operation Cyclone was one of the longest and most expensive covert CIA operations ever
undertaken funding began with $20–30 million per year in 1980 and rose to $630 million per
year in 1987
 TALIBAN:
 Taliban, Pashto Taliban (“Students”), also spelled Taliban, ultraconservative political and
religious faction that emerged in Afghanistan in the mid-1990s following the withdrawal of
Soviet troops, the collapse of Afghanistan’s communist regime, and the subsequent
breakdown in civil order.
 OR
 Taliban, or "students" in the Pashto language, emerged in the early 1990s in northern
Pakistan following the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan
 Al-Qaeda:
 Al-Qaeda, Arabic al-Qaida (“the Base”), broad-based militant Islamist organization founded

by Osama bin Laden in the late 1980s.
 Al-Qaeda began as a logistical network to support Muslims fighting against the Soviet
Union during the Afghan War; members were recruited throughout the Islamic world. When
the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989, Al-Qaeda merged with a number of other
militant Islamist organizations, including Egypt’s Islamic Jihad and the Islamic Group, and
on several occasions its leaders declared holy war against the United States
 AL QIADA AND TALIBAN EPISOD:
 Al-Qaeda and the Taliban got along due to a similar understanding of a fundamentalist form
of Islam known as Wahhabism that they twisted to suit their own beliefs. The Taliban mixed
the pre-Islamic Pashtun tribal code, Pashtunwali, with Wahhabism.
 The Taliban-al-Qaeda alliance has since then survived almost 19 years of a U.S.led Global
War on Terror and despite the prospective benefits for the Taliban in breaking ties with al-
Qaeda.
 The Taliban remains solely focused on Afghanistan and has never accepted al-Qaeda’s global
jihadist ambitions. Their mutual interest in expelling U.S. forces and retaking Afghanistan
has kept them together.
Geneva Accords (1988)
The U.S., Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Soviet Union sign peace accords in Geneva
guaranteeing Afghan independence and the withdrawal of 100,000 Soviet troops. Following
Soviet withdrawal, the Mujahedeen continue their resistance against the Soviet-backed regime of
communist president Dr. Mohammad Najeebullah
The Geneva Accords, known formally as the agreements on the settlement of the situation
relating to Afghanistan, were signed on 14 April 1988 at the Geneva headquarters of the United
Nations,[1] between Afghanistan and Pakistan, with the United States and the Soviet
Union serving as guarantors.
9/11 attacks and Afghanistan
 2001 October - US-led bombing of Afghanistan begins following the September 11 attacks
on the United States. Anti-Taliban Northern Alliance forces enter Kabul shortly afterwards.
 2001 December - Afghan groups agree deal in Bonn, Germany for interim government.
 in Sept. 11, 2001 Terrorists hijack four U.S. planes, crashing two into the Twin
Towers of the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan, while a third hits the
U.S. Pentagon minutes later.
 The fourth plane, targeted to hit the White House, crashes in a field near Shanks
Ville, Pennsylvania, after passengers attacked the terrorists. The death toll, not
including the `9 hijackers, was 2,977.
Elections
 2004 October-November - Presidential elections. Hamid Karzai is declared winner.
 And September Afghans vote in first parliamentary elections in more than 30 years
 Opium production has soared to a record high, the UN reports.
 President Karzai warns that Afghanistan will send troops into Pakistan to fight
militants if Islamabad fails to take action against them.
 Current president of Afghanistan

 The former president Hamid Karzai became the first ever democratically elected head of
state of Afghanistan on 7 December 2004. The current president is Ashraf Ghani, since 29
September 2014.
What are the major current environmental problems in Afghanistan
 Deforestation.
 Wildlife.
 Water management.
 Pollution.
 Nuclear waste by Pakistan.
 Domestic and industrial waste.
 Air pollution.
CONCLUSION
 Afghanistan is one of the countries in the world the most severely contaminated by mines
and explosive remnants of war
 Afghanistan is one of the poorest and most vulnerable countries in the world. Disasters like
recurring droughts, floods and punishing winters mean that life is very tough here.
 On top of this, years of war and conflict have left millions of people struggling to survive.
One third of the population lives below the poverty line. Violence and the fear of violence is
rife.
 The war in Afghanistan is the world's most lethal conflict. Taliban militants now control
more territory than at any time since the U.S led coalition drove the group out of Kabul in
2001. At the same time, an unprecedented ceasefire in 2018 and subsequent negotiation
efforts have illuminated the possibility of peace.

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AFGANISTAN ISSUES :

 Mohammad Zahir Shah, king of Afghanistan, who provided an era of stable government to

AFGANISTAN IS QUGMIRE OF WARS

AFGANISTAN RELATION WITH RUSSIA :

 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, invasion of Afghanistan in late December 1979 by troops

 Islamist guerrilla fighters known as mujahideen.mujahideen come together in Pakistan to

 Al-Qaeda, Arabic al-Qaida (“the Base”), broad-based militant Islamist organization founded

 AL QIADA AND TALIBAN EPISOD:

Geneva Accords (1988)

 Current president of Afghanistan

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