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    This document discusses reducing adverbial clauses. It provides examples of different types of adverbial clauses and a 4-step process for reducing them by changing verbs to gerunds and omitting subjects and conjunctions. It also gives examples of reducing adverbial clauses with "because" and applying the techniques in writing tasks.

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    IELTS Writing Community

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    Neli
    103 views10 pages
    This document discusses reducing adverbial clauses. It provides examples of different types of adverbial clauses and a 4-step process for reducing them by changing verbs to gerunds and omitting subjects and conjunctions. It also gives examples of reducing adverbial clauses with "because" and applying the techniques in writing tasks.

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    This document discusses reducing adverbial clauses. It provides examples of different types of adverbial clauses and a 4-step process for reducing them by changing verbs to gerunds and omitting subjects and conjunctions. It also gives examples of reducing adverbial clauses with "because" and applying the techniques in writing tasks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    103 views10 pages

    IELTS Writing Community

    Uploaded by

    Neli
    This document discusses reducing adverbial clauses. It provides examples of different types of adverbial clauses and a 4-step process for reducing them by changing verbs to gerunds and omitting subjects and conjunctions. It also gives examples of reducing adverbial clauses with "because" and applying the techniques in writing tasks.

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    IELTS 

    Writing Community
    www.BayaneBartar.org
    Hamed Mohammad Hosseini

    IELTS Writing Community
    Lecture 21 Reduction of Adverbial Clauses
    By

    www.BayaneBartar.org
    What is an Adverb Clause
    Hamed Mohammad Hosseini

    Independent Clause + Dependent Clause
    Describes an action (verb): 

    • Last night at 8, I saw her in the street. 
    • While I was driving, I saw her in the street. 
    By

    www.BayaneBartar.org
    Types of Adverbial Clauses: 

    Time: 
    Hamed Mohammad Hosseini

    • When the teacher walks in, the students sit. 

    Cause/Effect: 
    • I am in Tehran because I am having a meeting next week. 

    Condition: 
    • If I study English, I can get a good job. 
    By

    Contrast: 
    • Although I am studying English now, I will be studying my major soon. 

    www.BayaneBartar.org
    How to Reduce Adverb Clauses – Steps 1,2 

    Your adverb clause must have the same subject as your independent clause: 
    Hamed Mohammad Hosseini

    While I am cooking, I listen to music. 


     While am cooking, I listen to music. 

    If your adverb clause has a ‘be’ verb, omit it. 

    While I am cooking, I listen to music. 


    By

     While cooking, I listen to music. 

    www.BayaneBartar.org
    How to Reduce Adverb Clauses – Steps 3,4 

    Change the verb to the present participle of verb + ing: 
    Hamed Mohammad Hosseini

    Before I came to the United States, I had taken English classes. 
     Before coming to the United States, I had taken English classes. 

    Omit the subject and leave the past participle:

    When students are given homework, they cannot have fun. 
    By

     When given homework, students cannot have fun. 

    www.BayaneBartar.org
    How to Reduce Adverb Clauses – Step 5 

    BECAUSE needs special attention; it needs to be omitted as the conjunction 
    Hamed Mohammad Hosseini

    Because she hopes to get a degree in accounting, Cathy went back to school. 
     Hoping to get a degree in accounting, Cathy went back to school. 
    By

    www.BayaneBartar.org
    Where to use Reduction of Adverbial Clause
    BECAUSE …, … WHEN …, …
    IF …, … Although …, …
    Hamed Mohammad Hosseini

    The most important argument against visiting these places is concerned with the visitors  ’safety. That 
    is to say, because these areas are habitat for several species, they are normally full of wild animals 
    who may prey on humans. Considering that the chief aim of these adventurous tourists is to visit 
    natural habitats of certain animals from up close, they are prone to physical injury. A good illustration 
    of this is visiting Cheetahs which are incredibly fast and can outrun any other living creature in the 
    world …

    The most important argument against visiting these places is concerned with the visitors  ’safety. That 
    is to say, habitat for several species, these areas are normally full of wild animals who may prey on 
    By

    humans. Considering that the chief aim of these adventurous tourists is to visit natural habitats of 
    certain animals from up close, they are prone to physical injury. A good illustration of this is visiting 
    Cheetahs which are incredibly fast and can outrun any other living creature in the world ….
    Writing Task TWENTY‐FOUR 
    Write two paragraphs for the following topics. Try to use a Reduction of Adverbial Clause. 
    Hamed Mohammad Hosseini

    Topic 1 – Banning cars from city centers encourages people to walk or cycle.

    Topic 2 – People with higher education are more likely to find job.

    Topic 3 – One of the advantages with home‐schooling is that children can work at their own pace. 
    By

    www.BayaneBartar.org
    Contact me
    Hamed Mohammad Hosseini

    Hamed Mohammad Hosseini

    t.me/Hamedmhosseini

    h m h o s s e i n i @ B a y a n e B a r t a r. o r g
    By

    www.BayaneBartar.org

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