A Social Entrepreneurship Opportunity Based on the Rising Cases of Teenage

Pregnancy In Danao City

LAKAPATI ORGANIZATION (ProPi Application)

___________________________________________

A Concept Paper

Presented to the

Undergraduate Faculty of Department of Business Administration

University of San Carlos

Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the requirement for the Course

Introduction to Social Entrepreneurship (SOEN 1)

_________________________________________________

ANDALES, CHRISTINE MYLES GEOZON

DE GUZMAN, ENJEL GABRIELLE CARTILLA

MORTEJO, SHAN DANIELLE MEÑESES

PEPITO, NIÑA BLANCHE VILLANUEVA

SENCIO, GINEV ANDRYA LEI TABADA

TURLA, ELOISA MARIE TAPIA

November 2020

i
 ENDORSEMENT SHEET

This Concept paper entitled “LAKAPATI ORGANIZATION (ProPi Application)”

prepared and submitted by CHRISTINE MYLES ANDALES, ENJEL GABRIELLE DE
GUZMAN, SHAN DANIELLE MORTEJO, NIÑA PEPITO, GINEV SENCIO, and ELOISA
MARIE TURLA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course on INTRODUCTION
TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP has been accepted for ORAL PRESENTATION.

GALLUR, JOSEPH M.

Graduate of Bachelor of Arts in Journalism at the University of Santo Tomas (UST

Manila)

Adviser

ii
 STUDENTS’ DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

We, Christine Myles Andales, Enjel Gabrielle De Guzman, Shan Danielle Mortejo,
Niña Pepito, Ginev Sencio and Eloisa Marie Turla, here submit our paper entitled Lakapati
Organization (ProPi Application) and truthfully declare that the paper is a product of our
original research investigation. To our best knowledge and belief, it contains no material
previously published or written by another person nor does it include contents that are
falsified or fabricated. We also sought permission from the copyright owner to use text,
illustrations and/or framework substantively used in the paper. I understand that should
the University of San Carlos, represented by its Administrators and Faculty, eventually
discover that my attestations herein are not so, I accept the right of the University to
impose the appropriate sanctions including the non-granting of the degree, if so warranted.

Signed (November 25, 2020) at the University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.

Student’s Name Year/Course Signature

BSBA – Marketing
Andales, Christine Myles G.
Management - 2
BSBA – Marketing
De Guzman, Enjel Gabrielle C. Management - 2

BSBA – Marketing
Mortejo, Shan Danielle M. Management - 2

BSBA – Marketing
Pepito, Niña V. Management - 2

BSBA – Marketing
Management - 2
Sencio, Ginev T.

BSBA – Marketing
Turla, Eloisa Marie T. Management - 2

Attested by:

Name of Faculty Adviser: _______________________________________________

Signature of Faculty Adviser: _______________________________________________
Date Signed: _______________________________________________

iii
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This study focuses on giving a proper and sustainable solution to the rising
teenage pregnancy rates in our chosen community, Danao City. The reason why we chose
this community is because this area is one of the places in Cebu that has the biggest
teenage pregnancy rates. This paper will tackle the possible reasons as to why the rates
have continued to climb and the measures that the government tried to implement in order
to hamper the increasing rates. This paper will also feature the social entrepreneurship
opportunity that the researchers came up with in order to help solve this social problem.

In order to reduce the growing rates of adolescent pregnancy, the researchers

have agreed to establish the Lakapati Organization, a social entrepreneurship business.
Lakapati is responsible for creating ProPi, an online health assistant and a subscription-
based service application that makes contraception more convenient and accessible, as
it will be available on both Google Play and the App Store for free, however, there will also
be a premium version which offers more detailed and personalized services. ProPi is
devoted to spreading awareness and informing people, both middle and women, about
their rights and services and eventually educating them about reproductive health.
Moreover, reproductive health services, such as family planning and the like are also
offered to increase convenience for men and women who are reluctant to take over-the-
counter contraceptives because of social stigma and in particular, for young mothers to
take advantage of this service without having the additional anxiety they feel when they
go to real clinics because of "early pregnancy stigma". Lakapati Org. aims to educate
young people about sexual and reproductive health so that they will become more
knowledgeable individuals about adolescent pregnancy and its adverse effects and
consequences by holding seminars in public and private schools in Danao City and Cebu
City. Lakapati will also partner with obstetricians to provide its users with more accessible
reproductive health services particularly to those in disadvantaged communities, most
especially those located in rural areas. Finally, the organization will partner with
government and non-government organizations to encourage policy makers to push for
the strengthening and improvement of sexual and reproductive health policies.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The team would like to express their deepest appreciation to all the people who
has given them their outmost support and helped them make this project a success.
Despite the challenges brought about by the current situation, the team is still very
fortunate to have undergone this eye-opening experience and completed it with victory.
The completion of this paper would not have been possible without these people and for
that, the team would like to extend their heartfelt gratitude to the following:

To Mr. Joseph Gallur, for giving the class your constant guidance and support throughout
the process of this whole paper and ensuring that we would produce a good quality output.

To the city officials of Danao City, for accommodating us and providing the data needed
to complete the study despite the difficulties in communication.

To our survey respondents, for participating in our study and gathering the courage to
share to us their experiences about being young mothers.

To the University of San Carlos, for offering the Social Entrepreneurship course and
giving us the opportunity to learn more about the realities of our society and molding us to
truly be Witnesses to the Word.

To God Almighty, for keeping us safe and healthy in these worrying times and giving us
the grace and guidance of the Holy Spirit to bless us with the wisdom, knowledge, and
determination to make this paper a success.

To God be the glory!

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section
Title Page i
Endorsement Sheet ii
Students’ Declaration of Originality iii
Executive Summary v
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables and Figures vii

1 Introduction
The rationale of the Study 1
Profile of the Community 2
Significance of the Study 1
2 Need and Opportunity Analysis (NOA)
Overview of Social Problem 9
Current Trends (PESTEL) 14
Root Causes of the Problem 17
Environmental Landscape Barriers/ Constraints/ Limitation 20
The Project Statement (HMW Question) 27
3 Social Entrepreneurial Opportunity
The Solution 28
Impact Indicators (Metrics) 30
Concept Map 32

BIBLIOGRAPHY 34
APPENDICES
A. Map of the Barangay/ Locality 39
B. Image of Barangay Hall 39
CURRICULUM VITAE 40

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Population of Danao City according to gender 2
2 Age range of Danao City residents 3
3 Age distribution of Danao City residents 3

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Population of Danao City according to gender 2
2 Age range of Danao City residents 3
3 Age distribution of Danao City residents 3
4 Age of respondent teen mothers in Danao City 4
5 Educational attainment of respondent teen mothers in Danao City 5
6 Monthly income of respondent teen mothers in Danao City 5
7 UNFP’s recommendations to reduce teenage pregnancy 7
8 Percentage of teen mothers with elementary education 11
9 Percentage of teen mothers with college education 11
10 Highest educational attainment of respondent teen mothers in Danao 11
11 Age of respondent teen mothers when they engaged in sexual activities 12
12 Monthly income of respondent teen mothers in Danao City 13
13 Root cause analysis of teenage pregnancy in Danao City 17
14 Logo of Lakapati Org 28
15 Logo of ProPi App 28
16 Concept Map 32

vii
 INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

Over the period of time, the fertility rate in the Philippines has prominently been
rising, led by girls aged 15-19 years old with over the rating period of 10%, in which 8
percent out 10 are already young mothers, while the other 2 percent are pregnant young
adolescents with their first child, according from the results of the 2013 National
Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Reportedly, this issue contributes to a higher
risk of health complications associated with teenage pregnancy and affecting mental and
physical health issues for both the mother and child. This issue has continuously been
advancing and thus resulting to a higher mortality rate and adding a higher rate of poverty
in the Philippines.

Hence, to attain a lesser rate of pregnancy and to lower the risk associated with it,
sex should be discouraged among these ages, thus, using contraceptives should be
stimulated. Furthermore, due to the exposure of internet vices and a lack of knowledge
and misconceptions about where and how to use contraceptives leads to premarital sex
and unwanted pregnancy. Therefore, further recognition and apprehension to safer sex
should be deliberated accordingly specially to places where a high rate of teenage
pregnancy is concerned. This will aid the community to have a lesser rate of early and
unwanted pregnancy and of relating health risks and mortality.

Significance of the Study

The research focuses on assessing information among adolescents mostly on the

effects of teenage pregnancy. Also, to raise awareness of the increasing number of
teenage pregnancy cases and to hopefully reduce early conception from happening. The
research results would be of interest to the aforementioned individuals and organizations:

1. Teenagers - these are the individuals who are embroiled in this instance. The
research has insightful data that these individuals have the capabilities of
understanding the potential detrimental consequences of teenage pregnancy and
how this would affect their respective lives.

2. Parents - individuals who will ensure a better future and a much more inclusive,
effective and positive future for their children.

1
 3. Community Members - these group of individuals that could build a close coalition
against teenage pregnancies wherein individuals are more active in view of
community cooperation.

4. Local Government Units - respective individuals who could enforce and promote
policy projects involving the social dilemma of teenage pregnancy, as this may
have deeper understanding to the causes of the early pregnancy inflation rate.

5. Non-Government Units/Organizations - group of individuals who may

consolidate their objectives in this field effectively and serve its purpose of taking
action that this research relies on. They may be even more knowledgeable for the
program preparation and information gathering of the progressive causes of
teenage pregnancy.

6. Future Researchers - this study would help the student researchers to be aware
and knowledgeable of the effects of teenage pregnancy. It would help them to be
a build a better tomorrow and it can be a help as a future reference for more studies
in the future.

The Community

The community that we want to focus on is Danao City, Cebu for the reason that
we’ve found news articles related to teenage pregnancy occurring in the community.
According to the National Statistics Office of the Philippines and National Statistical
Coordination Board in 2015, the population of Danao is 136,471. From the same
consensus, there are 68,173 males and 68,298 females residing in Danao City.

Figure 1. Population of Danao City according to Table 1. Population of Danao City

gender according to gender

2
 Danao City residents have various age ranges; there are 43,852 in the age range
of 0-14 years, 86,599 in 15-64 years and 6,020 in 65+ years. This reflects that their
population’ vast majority are from the working class and teens.

Figure 2. Age range of Danao City residents Table 2. Age range of Danao City residents

For a more detailed age distribution, we have attached a graph and table below.
We can see that the youth population is leading the numbers for their overall population.

Figure 3. Age distribution of Danao City residents Table 3. Age distribution of Danao City
residents

When it comes to Danao City’s economic activities, they used to be well-known for
their mining, railways, sugar industry, gun industry, holiday industry and Metro Cebu
ExpressWay. Another source of employment in Northern Cebu is the large japanese
corporation called MinebeaMitsumi, Inc. This multinational corporation is known for their
production of machinery components and electronics devices. According to the official
website of Danao City, their annual income is php 551,645,978.67. Their income
classification is 3rd class and the major source of income are manufacturing, agricultural,
cottage industries and tourism. Their major products produced are rice, corn, bananas,
coconut, cacao, sugar cane, fruit trees, vegetables & root crops.

3
 For a thriving community, Danao has a well-maintained website which holds
information about their city. It is informative and easily accessible to everyone who wants
to learn more about Danao City. The community has Medical Consultation and Actual
Treatment, National TB Program, Leprosy Program, Prevention of Health Lifestyle-
Related Disease, HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Program, Medico
Legal Cases, Medical Certification for clearance, and Family planning Counselling and
Dispensing of FP Commodities.

Since our chosen community is Danao City Cebu, we decided to interview teen
mothers in the area to get a closer look at their lives and struggles as well as to get an
overview of their socio-economic profile as residents of Danao City. We’ve managed to
interview 8 young mothers and since we promised them confidentiality, we will not be
naming them. These are the results of our survey/interview.

Most of the teen moms that answered the survey were not younger than 17 and
not older than 23.

Figure 4. Age of respondent teen mothers in Danao City

4
 Figure 5. Educational attainment of respondent teen mothers in Danao City

Most of them managed to finish Senior high school but 25% barely finished Junior
highschool and only 25% actually went to college.

Figure 6. Monthly income of respondent teen mothers in Danao City

Most of them only make less than Php 10,000 a month while the others are
fortunate enough to be able to make more than that but it's still less than Php 20,000 which
according to them, still isn't enough especially with this pandemic going on.

5
Development Plans

There are various of development plans created by our government and other
sectors that Danao City implements. In this research, we have considered: Program for
Young Parents by Egenders Health of USAID in partnership with Department of Health
(DOH), The United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA) recommendations in their 2017
report and Communication on Population’s (POPCOM) plans solely directed to Region
VII.

Program for Young Parents is a novel hospital-based approach aimed at improving

maternal health outcomes and family planning use among young mothers in central
philippines. EngenderHealth's USAID-funded VisayasHealth project developed and
implemented the Program for Young Parents (PYP) in 26 hospitals in Central Philippines
to respond to this issue. PYP aims to prevent rapid repeat pregnancies-those within a 3-
year interval-by increasing contraceptive use. PYP's approach to increasing contraceptive
use involves supplementing prenatal services with health education and linking clients to
education and livelihood institutions. According to Business Mirror, “Usaid developed the
PYP as one component of a larger Visayas health project implemented in partnership with
the Department of Health (DOH) and Engender Health. Usaid’s Visayas health project
works to improve the health of families in the Visayas region through strategic
interventions in maternal, neonatal and child health, nutrition and family planning.”
(Mendoza, 2019) Until today, PYP has been continuously maintaining their program,
including in Danao City. PYP is administered in Cebu Provincial Hospital, Danao city.
CPH-DANAO city is a proposed 100-bed capacity Provincial Hospital, but currently the
authorized bed capacity is 50 beds; it is a level I hospital and PHIC accredited. At present,
the hospital is in the process of upgrading to a level II hospital, pending the availability of
the requested equipment, as well as the completion of the construction of the
infrastructure.

The second development plan that we would like to include in our research is The
United Nations Population Fund UNFPA’s recommendation in their 2017 report about
teenage pregnancy in the Philippines. The recommendations or plans include: (1)
Increasing adolescent and youth resilience and protection, (2) Managing fertility rates,
improving education and employment opportunities of young people to reap the
demographic dividend, (3) Enhancing social protection mechanisms, (4) Improving access
to adolescent and youth-friendly services, including contraceptives, (5) Strengthening

6
parental skills for adolescents and youth, (6) Strengthening inter-agency coordination and
collaboration, both horizontally and vertically, (7) Robust data and statistics, and more
updated evidence to inform policies and programs for adolescents, and (8) Maximizing
use of media and communications for health promotion.

Figure 7. UNFP’s recommendations to reduce teenage pregnancy

Ultimately, UNFPA promotes the rights and well-being of all adolescents. UNFPA
supports the government in introducing legislation and interventions that recognize the
rights of adolescents to take increasing responsibility for decisions affecting their lives and
express views on all matters of concern to them. All laws, policies, and programs that aim
to prevent teen pregnancy should not in any way, either directly or indirectly,
disadvantage, stigmatize, or penalize adolescents for factual consensual and non-
exploitative sexual activity.

The third development plan would be by Communication on Population

(POPCOM). Their plans revolve around Education and information, Enabling Laws, and
Mini-Concerts. When it comes to Education and information, POPCOM continues to
support the institutionalization of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in school curricula,
as well as the establishment of Information and Service Delivery Network within
communities to address increasing teen pregnancy through education and health
services. They continue to serve as links to information and service requirements within
youth circles, while reaching out to them and their parents regarding sexuality education.

7
In the sector of enabling laws, PLCPD Executive Director Romeo Dongeto believes that
Republic Act 10354, or the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law, could
be further strengthened with the passage of complementary bills. He said there are
provisions in the said law which bar minors from availing FP services without parental
consent, even when the minor is already a parent. There are also legal as well as social
obstacles on obtaining critical information and services, making this age group highly
susceptible to complications and consequences from unprotected sex, risky sexual
behaviors and sexual as well as gender-based violence. Currently, the PLCPD head
shared that they have initiated a partnership with #GirlDefenders alliance to create spaces
for ending violence against women and girls. Its flagship campaign also endeavors to put
an end to the practice of child marriage. Lastly, Mini-concerts was established in order to
generate further awareness and interest in the campaign
“#NoMoreChildrenHavingChildren” addressing teenage pregnancies. POPCOM and
PLCPD held a series of online mini-concerts called “Amplified: Young Voices for
Adolescent Health” which was streamed live in the Facebook pages, they aired it every
Thursday at 4 p.m. from August 13 until September 3, 2020.

8
 CHAPTER 2

NEED AND OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS

Overview of the Social Problem

Each passing year, teenage pregnancy is becoming a more alarming concern

especially on a national level. According to The Commission on Population and
Development (2019), there are about 1.2 million children having children every year.
Around 30,000 of these young mothers have experienced repeated pregnancies and
families who are experiencing these, are at a high risk of obtaining intergenerational
poverty. This kind of poverty is the type that will be passed down to the future generations
of a family; therefore, it becomes an endless cycle which will cripple the economy if more
families will be encountering this and if the government won’t provide immediate aid and
action to solve this social problem. PopCom executive director, Perez (2019), stated that
the estimated impact of lost income amounts to P33 billion for young parents “who would
have otherwise earned that much more had they not gotten pregnant.” Popcom director
for National Capital Region, Español (2019), disclosed that about 200,000 teenagers are
getting pregnant every year and this number is too huge to just ignore. Poverty will never
be eradicated unless this problem will be addressed with utmost importance. So much
money lost in productivity; moreover, these adolescents will find it very challenging to join
the formal economy since they have a low educational attainment, or they have not even
finished school at all. It is evident that the Social Development Goals that are concerned
with this issue are number 1: No poverty, number 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
and number 3: Good Health and Well-Being. According to UNFPA (2020), childbearing in
adolescence carries increased risks for poor health outcomes for both mother and child,
and lower educational attainment and employability, causing economic losses to the
country and it also because of the stigma attached to teenage pregnancy, teens drop out
of school and take good care of their babies. Hence, the cycle of poverty is repeated
among poor families. Truly, it is sad because this social issue can bring about other wide-
range consequences relating to health and lack of education. Filipino children who are
born to mothers are more likely to die compared to children of older mothers and social
stigma may also lead mother to voluntary abortion (Philippine Information Agency, 2019).

9
 On a regional level, Eastern Visayas, has 9.7% of females aged 15 to 19 that are
already mothers; 78.9% are single parents (Young Adult and Fertility Survey, 2014). In
addition, Popcom (2018), stated that Central Visayas ranked 7th in the most number of
teenage pregnancy in the Philippines. However, when it comes the local level — Cebu —
Philippine Statistics Authority (2019), affirmed that the poverty incident dropped from 27%
to 21.4% also in the same period, poverty incident in the Philippines dropped from 26.3%
in the first half of 2015 to 21% in the first half of 2018 which is a very positive indication
for better economic growth despite the pressing social and economic challenges.
According to Cebu Puericulture Center and Maternity House Inc. (2015), 72 teenage
pregnant women were recorded during the period of July to December 2015 and
premature rupture of membrane is the most common obstetrical complication.

From the data we have collected regarding the case of teenage pregnancy in
Danao City, we have arrived at the following conclusions as to why the problem of
teenage pregnancy still persists in Danao City, Cebu.

Lack of education

One of the main reasons that explains why the Philippines continues to struggle
with the problem teenage pregnancy is due to lack of education. According to the
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) in a 2013 study, teenage pregnancy has been found
to be more common among young adult women age 15-24 with less education than
among those with higher education. Specifically, 44% for women with elementary
education has experienced teenage pregnancy while 21% of women age 15-24 with
college education experienced teenage pregnancy. From our respondents in a community
in Danao City, Cebu, we have found out that 50% (specifically 4 out of 8 respondents)
who have experienced teenage pregnancy only finished Senior Highschool. 25% are
Junior High School students and also 25% are college students. This data presents that
most teenage mothers have only finished or are currently Senior High School students.

10
 44% 21%

Women with elementary Women with college

education education
Figure 8. Percentage of teen mothers Figure 9. Percentage of teen mothers with
with elementary education college education

Figure 10. Highest educational attainment of respondent teen mothers in Danao City

Furthermore, the reality that our country has a certain disregard for proper sex
education and information contributes to the increase in pregnancy rates among
adolescents which has now resulted in teenage pregnancy being considered a national
social emergency. In fact, some girls do not know that having sex can result in pregnancy
or fully consider the responsibility of having children.

And this lack of proper sex education is further permeated by the belief that
adolescents should not be exposed to the concept of sex (outside the context of mere the
process of reproduction taught in most Science classes) because it goes against the
deeply rooted religious values and morals of our country.

This brings us to the next reason why the country is still experiencing high rates of
teenage pregnancy which is the lack of adolescent sexuality and reproductive health
policies most evident in the lack of access to birth control due to the fact that the country
is still yet to fully implement the reproductive health bill.

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Lack of adolescent sexuality and reproductive health policies

It is a no brainer that The Philippine Catholic church has long opposed birth control
in the country where about 80% of people are Catholics. This proved to be great challenge
for the government to distribute contraceptives to those who could not afford them, to
provide comprehensive sex education in public schools and implement reproductive
health policies. In fact, it is only in 2012 that the Philippines has finally passed a
reproductive health bill into law but until now, there are still challenges and delays in its
implementation, not to mention there is still a stigma surrounding the whole concept of
reproductive health and sex education from the perspective of socially acceptable norms.

Early exposure to sexual activities

The next reason is early exposure to sexual activities. It is found that one in five
(or 19 percent) young adult Filipino women age 18 to 24 years had initiated in premarital
sexual activities. Furthermore, initiation of sexual activity before age 18 is more common
among young adult women with less education and those in poorer households. Over 40%
of young adult women with some elementary education, compared with only 7% of those
with college education, reported having their first intimate sexual act at age 18.

This national data coincides with the data we have collected from our respondents
where 87.5% (7 out of 8 respondents) engaged in sexual activities at the age of 15-17
years old. Since majority of our respondents engaged in sexual activities around the age
of 15-17 years old, typically the age where one is in Junior High School, we have arrived
at the correlation between early sexual activity and having less education.

Figure 11. Age of respondent teen mothers when they engaged in sexual activities

12
 Furthermore, the data we have collected with regards to the monthly income of our
respondents’ family coincides with the national data presented. 5 out of 8 respondents
have a monthly income of less than Php 10,000 which means they classify as part of the
poor income cluster as identified by the Philippine Institute for Development Studies to be
having less than Php 10,481 monthly income.

Figure 12. Monthly income of respondent teen mothers in Danao City

As a summary, the main factors that greatly influence the rising rates of teenage
pregnancy in the country are lack of education and early sexual exposure due to poverty
and the apparent lack of adolescent sexuality and reproductive health policies. Although
there are more factors, including multiple social factors, that further explain why the
problem of teenage pregnancy persists in Danao City, the researchers have focused on
these particular factors as is it what coincides with the national data collected from reliable
sources on the internet which is the most readily available resource the team can make
use of.

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External Environment (PESTEL)

Political environment

Politics takes a great impact and importance to business. The government will
always have a link on everything connected to the economic and policy measures, thus,
this is also one of the ways to determine the success or failure of a business. The
spontaneity of the political environment puts the business on critical risks. If a sudden or
prolonged change to the political environment comes up, it could affect the GDP and the
whole economy. So, it is really important to also look at the political aspects concerning
your social ventures. In the sense of this factor concerning social issues like teenage
pregnancy, the political environment affects how they implement policies and promote
abstinence and other alike discouraging teenage pregnancy. This also affects the
government by complicating other social issues like increasing poverty rate and lack of
education. According to the Manila Bulletin, The Commission on Population (POPCOM)
on Wednesday sounded the alarm on teenage pregnancy as it may cause
“intergenerational poverty,” wherein families may remain in a poor state for a long period
of time because of early pregnancy. These policies could also determine the success of
targeting the decline in the teenage pregnancy rate through communicating the
government for its data and associating with its community for the programs needed to
set about teenage pregnancy.

Economic environment

This factor influences a lot of aspects in our economy. May it be through

macroeconomics or microeconomics. This also affects the buying or the spending habits
of people and the business, thus affecting the performance of the company, yet, these
effects depend on the different factors, different people in many different things. This
usually happens beyond the control of the organization; however, this situation could be
handled just by evaluating the conditions in the marketplace just to proceed to make a
good strategic plan in the situations of the economic environment. When it comes to social
issues, the economic environment also plays an important role. It impacts the basic
ideology of people and the availability of people’s capital and economic disparities. The
economic environment also affects the employment levels in the economy which could
hinder the progress or the productivity in the economy leading to also influence the
community to just have a lower employment rate, thus, it would be most likely to have

14
increased the poverty and lack or having poor quality of education support to their children
because of having a problem with financial support.

Socio-cultural environment

It is also important to acknowledge the beliefs, culture, or the practices of the

groups of people in your community. That aspect of the external marketing environment
of the organization wherein the social or cultural trends (i.e. changes in a society's value
system) influence the marketing effort of the organization. The changing socio-cultural
environment may pose a potential threat or create opportunities. It usually focuses on the
target or consumer’s behavior where it also affects the customs, attitudes to work, and
characteristics of the population in an organization, such as social classes and educational
attainment. Through this, adhering to the Basic Human Needs, Foundations of Wellbeing,
and Opportunity will be easier. There are two factors that socio-cultural environment
affects the community and issues concerning teenage pregnancy. It could either affect
negatively or positively. The practices or behaviors of the people in the community can
influence what the younger people may think and decide. With the lack of good supportive
relationships with their parents, the power of the family increases the interaction with
quirky peers, which also increases the risk of teenagers for a number of issues, such as
early pregnancy, premature parental freedom, and dropout from school. In terms of a host
of behavioral, social, and emotional concerns, living in a community of low socioeconomic
status confers risks on adolescents. Adolescents are also at risk for early childbearing and
associated sexual risk behaviors from living in a disadvantaged neighborhood, according
from the Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee on the
Science of Adolescence. Hence, this supports the idea of how behaviors, practices and
the environment influences youth to lead a higher negative rate of teenage pregnancy.

Technology and ICT Environment

Learning that innovation plays a vital role in the adolescents' daily life, the majority
of them are regarded as digital natives having grown utilizing modern technologies. As
technology advances, it becomes much more accessible and more convenient to most
youths. Technological advancements have brought in both positive and negative effects
on the youth of today. There are certain influences on social media platforms that are
constantly putting ideas into the minds of this generation. One of which is the trending
content about romanticizing and normalizing sexual activities, this resulted in teenagers

15
considering matters with no proper knowledge and guidance. However, these
advancements also give a positive approach towards the youth in their quest of
understanding this important matter. Adolescents are given mediums to learn and gain
wisdom before partaking in fornication, such as Google, Facebook, and the likes. A variety
of lists come into mind when we speak about the premises of teenage pregnancy, and in
today's world, one point is because adolescents are spontaneous, easily influenced, and
strong-willed.

Environmental or Natural Environment

Climate change disrupts global economies which has an impact on lives. Climatic
conditions are shifting, rising sea levels and occurrences in the environment are becoming
more serious. When you are pregnant, sensitivity to certain environmental contaminants
can impact your pregnancy or your baby's health. The probability for birth defects , low
birth weight, prematurity and miscarriage is increased by harmful substances.
Furthermore, the rapidly growing cases of COVID-19 are likely to place a pressure on the
healthcare sector, contributing to the deterioration of healthcare services, the
deprioritization of sexual and reproductive health services, and the shortage of essential
drugs and contraceptives items. These occurrences may contribute to an increase in
teenage pregnancy cases.

Legal Environment

Abrupt physical growth marks adulthood such changes are occurring in the bodies
of adolescents. These hormonal changes are sometimes not aligned with their mental
development. Most of the time, psychological and emotional development is overtaken by
the growth of the body, leaving them susceptible due to the extreme lack of awareness
and practical skills to fill the gap. As specified by the National Household Targeting
Framework for the Reduction of Poverty (NHTS-PR) of the Department of Social Welfare
and Development (DSWD), RA 10354, The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive
Health Act of 2012 would provide its beneficiaries with access basic healthcare services.
These services are non-abortifacient, effective, lawful, affordable and sustainable
reproductive health care facilities, procedures, equipment and supplies that do not entail
the fertilized ovum. The access to reproductive health education has never been about
educating them what it is to have intercourse, since maturity and growth are acceptable.

16
 This is about helping them acknowledge the changes in their bodies that are taking place.
It is about supporting them to make smart decisions in order to avoid risky behavior.

Root Cause Analysis

Causes of Teenage Pregnancy in Danao City, Cebu

Early exposure to
sexual activities
Lack of Education
Lack of proper
supervision Less financial capability
of the family to send
Peer pressure
children to school
Unmonitored
online activity Poverty

Seek affection and Cultural stigma

attention from others
Reluctancy of parents to
teach/make children aware
Lack of attention
about reproductive health
from family

Forced early marriage Predominant

religious beliefs

Poverty Teenage
Pregnancy

Slow development of
public policies

Clash between the

government and
religious sector

Lack of adolescent sexuality and

reproductive health policies

Figure 13. Root cause analysis of teenage pregnancy in Danao City

17
 As discussed in the overview of the social problem, the main factors that affect the
continuously rising rates of teenage pregnancy cases in Danao City, Cebu and the
Philippines as a whole include early exposure to sexual activities, lack of education, and
lack of adolescent sexuality and reproductive health policies.

Starting with early exposure to sexual activities, some of the main causes that
permeate this factor are mainly composed of social causes. Children, especially those at
the stage of adolescence, are very receptive to external influences and when parents are
very lenient with monitoring the activities of their children, there are higher chances that
they will be exposed to early risky sexual behaviors. Similarly, lack of attention from the
family leads many adolescents to seek it from other people and this is where high
possibilities of children being exposed to sexual activities take place. Still on the topic of
external influences, the changing norms and practices with regard to premarital sexual
activity among the youth in today’s generation proves peer pressure to be a correlating
factor that contributes to early exposure to sexual activities. Adolescents at the stage of
seeking acceptance from their peers often succumb to the pressure of doing activities that
their peers are also engaging in. According to Natividad (2013), significant data show that
the youth of today are more accepting and open-minded about the concept of pre-marital
sex and thus this creates the mindset that “if everyone is doing it, then it should be okay”.
However, the apparent lack of proper sex education and information in the country makes
it challenging for the youth to fully understand what it means to engage in pre-marital sex
and what consequences it entails. On the topic of proper sexual and reproductive
information, one of the causes that contribute to early exposure to sexual activities is
unmonitored online activity. According to a study by the UNFPA, exposure to pornographic
material accessed online is associated with higher possibility of engaging in pre-marital
sex and teenage pregnancy.

The lack of proper education in general as well as sexual and reproductive

education in the country has been proven to be one of the main factors that contribute to
the rising cases of teenage pregnancy in the country. The overview of the social problem
has presented the data that supports that a higher percentage of adolescent women with
less education experience early pregnancies. Moreover, families in poor communities
have difficulty in sending their children to school because of poverty. However, poverty is
not the only cause that contributes to the lack of sex education in the country. As we know,
the Philippines has a very conservative culture that views the concept of sex and

18
reproductive health as taboo. This cultural stigma continues to be a hurdle to the proper
access to sexual and reproductive information. Many Filipino households deliberately
avoid talking to about topics of sex because it is seen as socially improper and this is
because of not only the culturally stigma surrounding reproductive health but also the
predominant religious beliefs of the country. As a country that is composed of 80%
Catholics, it is no surprise that religious beliefs and values are very deeply ingrained in
our culture however, this proposes another challenge to overcoming the existing dilemma
of teenage pregnancy in the Philippines since it indirectly creates this concept of
reproductive health being taboo and should not be talked about.

The last factor that contributes to teenage pregnancy in the country is the lack of
sexual and reproductive health policies. The national health system of the country is very
much in need of improvements in various areas and one of the most urgent areas that
need to be addressed is reproductive health. However, this is also the area that lacks
immediate action. Although the government has made great efforts into improving the
reproductive health system of the country, concrete developments are yet to be felt by the
beneficiaries of these proposed improvements and one of the challenges to that is the
clash between the religious sector and the government. When the Reproductive Health
Bill was proposed, there was a big commotion from the religious sector as this bill entailed
the possibility of legalizing abortion however, it is important to note that many of the of the
cases of illegal or unsafe abortion practices come from teenage pregnancies (Tribune PH,
2019). With this, it is clear that one of the risks adolescent mothers face is the option of
unsafe abortion and the goal of the RH Bill was to reduce this risk by giving the youth
proper access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health information and services.
Still, the process of fully implementing the RH Bill faces many challenges up to this day.

19
Environmental Landscape Barriers/ Constraints/ Limitation

● The study is all about the teenage pregnancy and the factors it links with
● It mainly focuses on the community of Danao City, hence to Cebu City
● The study will also cover the effects and cause of the main problem, however, it
will not be discussed deeper.
● Due to the pandemic, the collection of data was limited to only secondary datas
and to be only represented by the 8 respondents on teenage mothers in Danao
City
● Also, the collection of the data took place online by the distribution of google survey
forms upon the respondents availability with consideration unto the internet status
they held
● Financial Status and the educational attainment of the respondents contributes to
the underlying cause of the social problem, hence, upon the implementation of the
application as one of the Solution
● Limited information and service delivery points in providing adolescent and youth-
friendly sexuality and reproductive health services.
● Various legal and cultural barriers that prevent proper access and distribution of
contraceptives and sex-education in particular.
● Cultural stigma that proposes many challenges to the implementation of
comprehensive reform on the country’s national health system.
● Insufficient direct support from the government to the community’s need in-concern
with teenage pregnancy issues

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Environmental Landscape

There are tons of development plans created by our government and other sectors.
In this research, we have considered: Program for Young Parents by EgendersHealth of
USAID in partnership with Department of Health (DOH), The United Nations Population
Fund’s (UNFPA) recommendations in their 2017 report and Communication on
Population’s (POPCOM) plans solely directed to Region VII.

Program for Young Parents is a novel hospital-based approach aimed at improving

maternal health outcomes and family planning use among young mothers in central
Philippines. EngenderHealth's USAID-funded VisayasHealth project developed and
implemented the Program for Young Parents (PYP) in 26 hospitals in Central Philippines
to respond to this issue. PYP aims to prevent rapid repeat pregnancies-those within a 3-
year interval-by increasing contraceptive use. PYP's approach to increasing contraceptive
use involves supplementing parenatal services with health education and linking clients to
education and livelihood institutions. According to Business Mirror, “Usaid developed the
PYP as one component of a larger Visayas health project implemented in partnership with
the Department of Health (DOH) and Engender Health. Usaid’s Visayas health project
works to improve the health of families in the Visayas region through strategic
interventions in maternal, neonatal and child health, nutrition and family planning.”
(Mendoza, 2019) Until today, PYP has been continuously maintaining their program,
including in Danao City. PYP is administered in Cebu Provincial Hospital, Danao city.
CPH-DANAO city is a proposed 100-bed capacity Provincial Hospital, but currently the
authorized bed capacity is 50 beds; it is a level I hospital and PHIC accredited. At present,
the hospital is in the process of upgrading to a level II hospital, pending the availability of
the requested equipment, as well as the completion of the construction of the
infrastructure.

The second development plan that we would like to include in our research is The
United Nations Population Fund UNFPA’s recommendation in their 2017 report about
teenage pregnancy in the Philippines. The recommendations or plans include: (1)
Increasing adolescent and youth resilience and protection, (2) Managing fertility rates,
improving education and employment opportunities of young people to reap the
demographic dividend, (3) Enhancing social protection mechanisms, (4) Improving access
to adolescent and youth-friendly services, including contraceptives, (5) Strengthening
parental skills for adolescents and youth, (6) Strengthening inter-agency coordination and

21
collaboration, both horizontally and vertically, (7) Robust data and statistics, and more
updated evidence to inform policies and programs for adolescents, and (8) Maximizing
use of media and communications for health promotion.

Ultimately, UNFPA promotes the rights and well-being of all adolescents. UNFPA
supports the government in introducing legislation and interventions that recognize the
rights of adolescents to take increasing responsibility for decisions affecting their lives and
express views on all matters of concern to them. All laws, policies, and programs that aim
to prevent teen pregnancy should not in any way, either directly or indirectly,
disadvantage, stigmatize, or penalize adolescents for factual consensual and non-
exploitative sexual activity.

The third development plan would be by Communication on Population

(POPCOM). Their plans revolve around Education and information, Enabling Laws, and
Mini-Concerts.When it comes to Education and information, POPCOM continues to
support the institutionalization of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in school curricula,
as well as the establishment of Information and Service Delivery Network within
communities to address increasing teen pregnancy through education and health
services. They continue to serve as links to information and service requirements within
youth circles, while reaching out to them and their parents regarding sexuality education.
In the sector of enabling laws, PLCPD Executive Director Romeo Dongeto believes that
Republic Act 10354, or the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law, could
be further strengthened with the passage of complementary bills. He said there are
provisions in the said law which bar minors from availing FP services without parental
consent, even when the minor is already a parent. There are also legal as well as social
obstacles on obtaining critical information and services, making this age group highly
susceptible to complications and consequences from unprotected sex, risky sexual
behaviors and sexual as well as gender-based violence. Currently, the PLCPD head
shared that they have initiated a partnership with #GirlDefenders alliance to create spaces
for ending violence against women and girls. Its flagship campaign also endeavors to put
an end to the practice of child marriage. Lastly, Mini-concerts was established in order to
generate further awareness and interest in the campaign
“#NoMoreChildrenHavingChildren” addressing teenage pregnancies. POPCOM and
PLCPD held a series of online mini-concerts called “Amplified: Young Voices for

22
Adolescent Health” which was streamed live in the Facebook pages, they aired it every
Thursday at 4 p.m. from August 13 until September 3, 2020.

Overall, since we decided to focus only on the three major intervention measures,
it will be easier to assess and analyze the effectiveness of these solutions and how it made
significant changes towards addressing the social problem of rising teenage pregnancy
birth rates in the Philippines, most especially in Danao, Cebu.

The group firmly believes that the intervention measures aforementioned,

contributed relevant positive changes because according to Mendoza (2019), the Program
for Young Parents by EgendersHealth of USAID in partnership with Department of Health
(DOH) was actually nominated for the Project of the Year, Mission: PHL, the Business
Mirror Envoys and Expats Awards; the Teen Moms Program initiated by the University of
the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) was basically adopted by THE PYP.
It extended the access of teenage pregnant mothers to quality, comprehensive maternal
and child health, including programs for family planning.Since 2014, Usaid has partnered
with the Department of Health (DOH) to set up 26 PYP centers that have served over
17,000 young customers in the Visayas region.The DOH mandates that in a hospital
capable of delivering comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn services
(CemONC), women aged 19 years and younger can deliver.Due to all these efforts the, in
just a short span of time, in order to serve as demonstration sites to show interested public
hospitals how to build and run similar programs in their own facilities, four model PYP
Centers have been created. An evaluation performed by the UPecon Foundation and
Usaid in 2016, through the Health Policy Development Program, concluded that the PYP
met the DOH 's criteria for adolescent-friendly health services.A clear connection between
demand generation strategies and service delivery is given by the PYP.It helps teenage
mothers at various levels of the health system before, during and after birth. Moreover,
Mendoza (2019), affirmed that PYP is a recipient of the 2017 Good Practice Award of the
National Economic Development Authority for this is possibly one of the most successful
programs for reproductive health. The organization even reinforced that just to be sure,
their emphasis of services is not population control, but rather, they are genuinely focused
on saving the lives of mothers and babies. Everything that they do, their whole health
program, is aligned with the priorities of the Philippine government. Thus, their priorities
are to fulfill the Department of Health’s family planning objectives and they are fully aligned
and endorse the 2020 Family Planning goals, of which several countries are signatories.

23
The group would rate this intervention measure an 8 over 10 because our basis for this
would be: number of teenage mothers who benefited from the program, number of new
and existing PYP centers, yearly increase or decrease of the parentage of teenage
mothers and the special awards, recognition or mentions that the program was able to
obtain. In the past 6 years and so on the program was only able to help 17,000 young
mothers in Visayas and establish 26 PYP centers. With this time frame, the group believes
that the program could have at least accommodated more than 25,000 young customers
and at least 30 PYP centers. Moreover, the group also believes that since this program
had a nomination for Project of the Year, this could have made them expand their goals
and reach out to more young mothers who are in dire need. However, according to
UNFPA, the Philippines' teenage pregnancy rate was 10% in 2008, down to 9% in 2017.In
2016, live births by adolescent mothers (aged 10-19) totaled 203,085, which declined
marginally to 196,478 in 2017 and 183,000 in 2018.Overall, this is a good indication that
at least with the small yet focused and effective efforts due to many programs including
this one, the percentage of teenage pregnancy cases did decrease during the recent
years.

In regards to the second intervention measure, it is clearly evident that it brought

very noteworthy results and goals for society especially here in the Philippines because
part of UNFPA’s call to action is the enactment of national policies relating to teenage
pregnancy will lead to achieving the following objectives: the Sustainable Development
Goals, Ambisyon Natin 2040, the Philippine Development Plan, the Philippine Health
Agenda, the Philippine Youth Development Plan, the National Youth Development Plan,
Children's Plan of Action and the Philippine Plan of Action to End Abuse Against Children.
During the Kapit Kamay Teen Summit organized by DepEd, DOH, and NEDA in August
2019, UNFPA supported the core commitments of the 2019 Declaration on Addressing
the Early Pregnancy Issues of Education, Health and Development in the Philippines.
Moreover, UNFPA also created a partnership and campaign, called Babaenihan to
support girls. The Babaenihan Initiative, a call for action for the public and private sectors,
as well as civil society partners, to invest in education, health and economic opportunities
for adolescent girls, has been launched by UNFPA and the Office of the Vice President.
Babaenihan will hold talks at both the national and community level, incorporating the
Tagalog terms for "women" and "community spirit," and will communicate with local
governments. The community-based discussions, to be held across the Philippines, will
allow marginalized girls to engage in the initiative and form the course of it.

24
 Lastly, UNFPA also centralized their focus on providing education and awareness
about sex and reproductive health hence, to address this issue, UNFPA works with the
Vice President's Office and three universities, Western Philippines University, Mindanao
State University, Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), and Visayas University of the
Philippines, to empower adolescent girls with age-appropriate sexual and reproductive
health knowledge and development. The schools have promised to provide a range of
resources, from conducting research to organizing group awareness-raising sessions.
The group would rate this intervention measure an 8 over 10 because our basis for this
would be: the number of objectives and goals and their scope and reach, and also the
number of partner schools and universities. The program did contribute meaningful effects
however, there are thousands of other schools in the Philippines and the group was hoping
that in the upcoming years, the organization would put more efforts in acquiring new
partners to effectively spread awareness about the social issue and how to stop the
stigma.

Finally, the third intervention measure that the group highlighted, POPCOM’s
efforts in creating laws and mini-concerts to improve awareness and regulations regarding
teen pregnancy has proven to be effective as well however, in order for the regulations
aforementioned to be strictly followed, PLCPD Executive Director Romeo Dongeto claims
that, with the passage of complementary legislation, the Republic Act 10354, or the
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Statute, could be further improved.
Furthermore, Dongeto stated that they need to make the public realize that teen
pregnancy is not just the result of consensual sexual activity among children; hence, they
are calling for new legislation that would resolve other serious teen issues, such as violent
encounters such as rape and incest. Truly the group wholeheartedly admired the efforts
of POPCOM and we decided to give it a 7 out of 10 for effectiveness because although
the laws and regulations were reinforced through the complementary bills as well as sex
and reproductive health and awareness was spread through the mini-concerts, the group
was not able to gather sufficient and specific information and evidences regarding the
impacts of these measures. We were not able to obtain how many participants were
present at the mini-concert and the same goes with the number of young mothers who
were able to benefit from these regulations being implemented.

In the eyes of the barangay people, although effective programs were implemented not all
can really feel the full impact and effectiveness of the intervention measures and this is

25
because, there are still some residents who don’t really have stable and strong access to
the internet. The internet place a crucial role in the awareness of the programs being
implemented since Danao actually has a website which presents reliable
information regarding community medical consultation and actual treatment, National TB
Program, Leprosy Program, Prevention of Health-Lifestyle Related Disease, HIV and
Sexually Transmitted Infection Program, Medico Legal Cases, Medical Certification for
clearance and Family Planning Counseling and Dispensing of FP communities.
Furthermore, Cebu Provincial Hospital, Danao Region, administers the PYP. The city of
CPH-DANAO is a proposed Provincial Hospital with a 100-bed capacity, but currently the
approved bed capacity is 50 beds; it is certified by a level I hospital and PHIC. This still
brings a positive impact to the people because at least 50 medical beds are being
approved and there is a possibility of another 50 more beds to come that will be ready to
accommodate future patients. The people are still grateful and thankful regardless since
the government and other organization and trying their best efforts to provide solutions to
their social problems.

26
Project Statement

According from the results of the 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey
(NDHS), the fertility rate in the Philippines has been prominently rising, led by girls aged
15-19 years old with over the rating period of 10%, in which 8 percent out 10 are already
young mothers, while the other 2 percent are pregnant young adolescents with their first
child. This issue contributes to a higher risk of health complications associated with
teenage pregnancy and affecting mental and physical health issues for both the mother
and child. As the issue has continuously been advancing, how can we efficiently reduce
the rate of teenage pregnancies in a way that it creates opportunities to decrease the rates
not only on a local scale but on a national scale as a whole?

Using this questiona as a guiding concept, the team has identified their expected
outcome is which is to decrease the rate of teenage pregnancies in Danao by the year
2023. The team wants to help the women in the area be more educated and empowered
when it comes to their choices, rights and reproductive health. The team envisions men
and women alike making smarter decisions when it comes to building a family and
engaging in sexual activities.

To realize the aims and visions of the team, they have identified a feasible solution
to decrease the rate of teenage pregnancy in Danao City which is to create an organization
that first, prioritizes the advocacy of delivering proper sexual and reproductive health
education to schools as well as to different sitios and barangays both in Danao City and
Cebu City as well as partnering with government and non-government organizations,
along with the local government unit of Danao City in order to encourage policymakers to
reinforce and improve existing reproductive health policies and second, offers an online
health assistant that houses various educational materials about reproductive health
available for free on its own application, as well as a subscription-based distribution of
contraceptives, and other reproductive health services (both private and government)
available for those of legal age or for those of immediate need of such.

27
 Chapter 3

SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY

Social Entrepreneurial Opportunity

In response to our chosen problem, we thought of a social enterprise that might be

able to help solve the high rate of teenage pregnancies in our chosen barangay, Danao.
This social enterprise is an organization that will build an application which offers free
educational materials about reproductive health as well as a subscription-based service
of contraceptives, available for those of legal age, and various reproductive health
services that aims to not only spread awareness, when it comes to reproductive health,
but also to give women the choice to properly equip and protect themselves when it comes
to their sexual activities. The organization will be called Lakapati Organization and the
application will be named “ProPi” (short for ProtectedPinoys).

Figure 14. Logo of Lakapati Org. Figure 15. Logo of ProPi App

This business will mainly be online. It will have an official website and an
application. This business is also subscription based, meaning those who will avail our
services will be paying a fixed monthly amount. We will partner up with different
gynecologists and different pharmaceutical contraceptive brands in order to give our
customers quality service and to give them a wide variety of choices when if comes to
their birth control brands and methods. This will help them find what brand/method best
suits them and their lifestyle.

Those who will avail our services will be able to choose which doctor will
accommodate them through the app. They will have a virtual consultation/check up and

28
once that’s done, the gynecologist will then write their prescription and we will then ship
the pills to their address in the most inconspicuous way possible in order to promote
privacy incase our customer is not comfortable with people knowing. Our target market
are women located in Cebu City. This is because according to a survey done by PSA back
in 2018, it was shown that Cebu city had the highest rate of sexually active women in the
whole province. They are most likely to avail our services and are also more capable in
paying because of the employment rate of the area. Since our business idea is an app,
we will do our pilot testing here and hopefully in the future we will be able to extend our
services nationwide.

10% of the business’ proceeds will go to our beneficiary situated in Danao. We will
collaborate with the barangay in starting up an organization specifically for the women in
the area. This is because, according to our research, at present there is no existing active
organization in the barangay that specifically addresses the problem that our group chose
to research on. This organization focuses on helping the women in the barangay to be
more informed and educated when it comes to their reproductive health and also when it
comes to family planning and women empowerment. This is because we found out that
one of the leading causes for high teenage pregnancy rate in the area is due to the lack
of proper reproductive health education and guidance. It is also due to the fact that the
availability and variety of birth control options around them is very limited and often
expensive. So, when teens, who are not yet financially capable, engage in sexual
activities; they often don’t use any contraceptive methods because they can’t afford any.
The stigma around the whole idea is also something that hinders them from availing it.
This organization will help address these causes to the problem.

This organization will be administering free monthly check-ups with some of our
partnered gynecologist and should they want to be on the pill, we can give them birth
control for free (after a proper check-up). There will also be monthly seminars and forums
where we will ask doctors and experts to talk about topics like family planning, consent,
reproductive health and etc. With these activities, we hope to decrease the teenage
pregnancy rate in Danao and to eradicate the stigma around reproductive health in our
country.

29
Impact Indicators (Metrics)

Lakapati Organization aims to decrease the teenage pregnancy rate in Danao, to

eradicate the stigma around Birth Control Methods and Contraceptive Use, to lessen
Teenage Pregnancy related deaths and to raise awareness about the Reproductive Health
law in our country. In order to achieve these goals, Lakapati’s specific actions for the first
year would be: to reach 1,000 user downloads, hold seminars in 5 schools in Danao City
and partner with at least 10 obstetricians. By 2025, Lakapati Org. would have held
seminars in all of Danao City’s public (26 at year 2018) National High Schools and
expanded the program to 5 Cebu City High Schools. Aside from that, Lakapati would have
partnered with at least 35 obstetricians around Cebu. In order to gain both quantitative
and qualitative data, we will use the following metrics to measure and gauge out the
effectiveness of our activities, and to evaluate our progress in achieving our goals.

Impact Metrics

➢ Global Goals

○ Fulfilling United Nations Sustainable Development Goals #3 “Good Health

and Well Being” and Goal #4 “Quality Education”

By adhering to the Sustainable development goals, we will be able to see if our

activities are in line with our advocacy. These sustainable goals focus on ensuring that
everyone has access to proper health care, and it gives importance to the wellbeing of the
people. They also give importance in giving and making quality education accessible to
the public. Our organization uses these as the basis of our activities because we also want
to not only to promote proper reproductive health but also to educate young girls in how
to take better care of themselves and exercise their choices and rights. By checking if our
activities and programs are within these goals, we will be able to see if we are on the right
path.

➢ Domain Specific

○ Teenage Pregnancy Trend in Danao City

○ Statistics in Teenage Pregnancy related deaths

○ Statistics in Educational Awareness about Family Planning, Contraceptive

Use, and Reproductive Health Law

30
 Lakapati’s goal is to see a decrease in the teenage pregnancy trend in Danao City,
lesser rate in Teenage Pregnancy related deaths and a gradual increase in Educational
Awareness about Family Planning, Contraceptive Use, and Reproductive Health Law. As
a way to measure the effectiveness and gain quantitative data, Lakapati will utilize past
statistics and compare it to the future data to be collected. In order to collect specific and
in-depth data which is more directed to Danao City and Cebu, Lakapati would conduct
research and provide questionnaires to the youth of Danao City. To achieve this, the
organization would tap into the Youth Leadership Camp that is annually held in Danao
City, in partnership with the Ramon Aboitiz Foundation Inc. Gathering data about the
teenage pregnancy trend and its related death rates could be accessed through Philippine
Statistics Authority and Danao local government.

➢ Custom Metrics

○ Increase in the number of “Propi” users and Patrons

○ Increase in the number of seminar attendees, school and doctor

partnerships.

The increase in the number of our app and website users indicate that more
Filipinas are taking measures in protecting themselves or becoming “Protected Pinays”. It
also indicates that our advocacy is working because more and more women are being
informed and enlightened about how important it is to take measures in protecting and
educating themselves about that aspect. The increase of users will also attest with our
quality of service. This is also the same with the increase in the number of attendees when
it comes to our seminars.

For our school and doctor partnerships, if more and more people are willing to
partner up with us it means that we are credible and trustworthy when it comes to
administering information and services to the public. This will not only help us validate our
credibility and quality of work but it will also help us reach more people and improve our
service offerings.

31
Concept Map

Figure 16. Concept map

In order to mitigate the increasing rates of teenage pregnancy, the group has
decided to create the Lakapati Organization. Lakapati introduces ProPi, an online health
assistant and a subscription-based service application that makes contraception more
convenient since it will be available for free in both Google Play and the App Store. ProPi
will help spread awareness and inform its users, both men and women, about their rights
and services and ultimately educate them on reproductive health. Furthermore, the
application also offers personal consultations and birth control plans especially for
premium users. Reproductive health services such as family planning and the like are also
being offered to increase the accessibility for men and women who are hesitant to avail of
over-the-counter contraceptives because of social stigmas and especially for young
mothers to use this service without having the additional anxiety they feel when they go

32
out to actual clinics because of the “early pregnancy stigma” that hinders them from
seeking out professional aid. Lakapati Org. aims to educate young people about sexual
and reproductive health with the hopes that they become more knowledgeable about
teenage pregnancy and its adverse effects by holding seminars in public and private
schools in Danao City and Cebu City.

The group firmly believes that by educating teenagers about proper sex education,
they will be more aware of what choices and rights women have as well as what measures
men can take in order to support this cause of decreasing the rates of teenage pregnancy.
Lakapati will also partner with obstetricians to offer its users with more accessible
reproductive health services to address the problem that our country still faces with
regards to the distribution and accessibility of reproductive health services especially to
those in underprivileged communities. Lastly, the organization will partner with both
government and non-government organizations in order to encourage policymakers to
push for the reinforcement and improvement of sexual and reproductive health policies
with the hopes of finally addressing the issue of the alarming rates of teenage pregnancy
not only in a local scale but also in a national scale as a whole.

33
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Internet Sources

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Boncocan, K. (28 December, 2012). RH Bill finally signed into law. Retrieved 23
October, 2020 from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/331395/gonzales-aquino-signed
rh-bill-into-law .

De Vera, A. (23 October, 2019). POPCOM: Teenage pregnancy may cause

'intergenerational poverty'. Retrieved October 18, 2020, from
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pregnancy-ma y-cause-intergenerational-poverty/amp/

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37
 APPENDIX A
SAMPLE REQUEST LETTER

Date

Hon. ______________ (name of government official)

__________________ (position)

__________________ (name of locality)

Dear Hon. _________,

Greetings of Peace!

We, the _______ (program) students of University of San Carlos, are enrolled in Social
Entrepreneurship course this _________ AY 2019-2020. This course requires to conduct
a study of a proposed intervention for a specific social problem in the community. We
are tasked with this project to identify social issues in the locality and possible
entrepreneurial opportunities whose outcome is the abatement of said social problems.

In this regard, we would like to seek your permission to ask pertinent information or data
such as Barangay Development Plan, socio-economic data of the barangay, or any
other related information that can be used for our study.

Should there be additional queries, you may contact our class adviser, ____________
through telephone number (032) 2531000 local ______ or email __________.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Christine Myles Andales,

38
 APPENDIX B

MAP OF THE LOCALITY

Map of Danao City and in Danao City

Map of chosen depressed area in Danao City

39
 APPENDIX C

CURRICULUM VITAE

Andales, Christine Myles G.

Profile:
I’m a hardworking and gritty individual who is true to her
values and aspirations in life. I’m a born leader and a fast
learner. I’m passionate and empathetic and I strongly
believe that a person can succeed in life without trampling
on other people’s dreams. I aspire to create something in
the future that will be able to help change other people’s
lives for the better and that I will be able to leave this earth
satisfied knowing that I did what I could to help others with
my works.

Personal Information

Age: 20 years old

Birthday: January 15, 2000
Address: MH Selma Lower Calajoan Minglanilla Cebu
Contact number: 9275309933
Email address: mylesandales@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: Mary Help of Christian School - 2013

Secondary: University of San Carlos - North Campus - 2017
Senior High School: University of San Carlos - Main Campus – 2019

Relevant Work Experience (if any)

• Encoding (Family Business) - 2019 - 2020
Relevant student experience (if any)
• Graduated with Honors on May 2019
• Obtained the title of NCIII Certified Events Organizer.
• Dean's List during the 1st Semester, Academic Year 2019-2020 with a GPA of
1.21
• Awarded 2nd place during the International HULT Prize 2020 Challenge: School
Elimination Round held at the University of San Carlos - Main Campus.

Involvement in the community

• SLTC/PLTC Officer (2012-2014)
• ISOG Member (Student Political Party) 2018-2019
• ABM Councilor 2018 - 2019

40
• A delegate of the Asia World United Nations Model II held in Bangkok, Thailand,
January 30 to February 2, 2019
• Image Officer (Public Information Officer) 2019 - Present

41
De Guzman, Enjel Gabrielle C.

Profile:
“Never doubt that a small number of dedicated people can
change the world; indeed it is the only thing that ever has.”
-Margaret Mead As a student, a daughter, a sister and
most importantly, a human; I will always have great
aspirations for our society. When I reached Senior High
School, my goals became clearer and I knew in my heart
that someday, I would like to become a social
entrepreneur. That is why, my team and I have always
done our best in creating innovative and impactful
solutions in addressing social issues.

Personal Information

Age: 19 years old

Birthday: June 6, 2001
Address: House #7, Garnet St. Fairview Village, Lawaan II, Talisay City
Contact number: 09179870401
Email address: enjelgabrielledeguzman@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: International Philippine School in Al-Khobar, KSA

Secondary: University of Bohol Victoriano D. Tirol - Advanced Learning Center
Senior High School: University of San Carlos - Main Campus - 2019

Relevant student experience (if any)

• Today’s Carolinian – September 2020 – present
• Obtained the title of NCIII Certified Events Organizer

Involvement in the community

• Carolinian Volunteer, Campus Ministry (2018- present)

42
Moretjo, Shan Danielle M.

Profile:
I am a highly motivated and empathetic individual who is
willing to adapt and learn in a new enriching environment
in order to hone my skills. I have an above average
reputation when it comes to oral and written
communication. I enjoy meditating and reading books
about successful entrepreneurs. It is my dream to
establish my own social enterprise one day to provide
effective solutions to pressing social problems.

Personal Information

Age: 21 years old

Birthday: August 27, 1999
Address: 450 Garces Street Cansojong Talisay City, Cebu
Contact number: 09991556936
Email address: daniellemortejo@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: St. Theresa’s College Cebu - 2013

Secondary: University of San Carlos - South Campus – 2017
Senior High School: University of San Carlos - Main Campus - 2019

Relevant Work Experience (if any)

• ACADSOC ESL online tutor - June 2020 - present

Relevant student experience (if any)

• Feature Writer, Warrior's Ink (Official school publication)
• Graduated with Honors on May 2019
• Obtained the title of NCIII Certified Events Organizer.
• Dean's List during the 1st Semester, Academic Year 2019-2020 with a GPA of
1.20.
• Awarded 2nd place during the International HULT Prize 2020 Challenge: School
Elimination Round held at the University of San Carlos - Main Campus.
• Won 2nd place for essay writing during the 5th National Student Leadership
Assembly and Talent Fair held in Baguio City, Philippines

Involvement in the community

• A delegate of the Asia World United Nations Model II held in Bangkok, Thailand,
January 30 to February 2, 2019

43
Pepito, Niña Blanche V.

Profile:
A second-year college student cakes and pastries
freelancer for around three years already. A hardworking,
self-reliant, organized, and determined person who aims
to help her family while developing her skills and
experiencing new experiences to be able to contribute to
my personal growth as well to the society. I aspire to help
young abandoned children have decent families in the
future.
Personal Information
Age: 20 years old
Birthday: November 07, 2000
Address: 773 White Rose, Yati, Liloan, Cebu
Contact number: 0977 686 5126
Email address: nblanchevp07@gmail.com

Educational Background
Primary: San Roque College de Cebu - 2013
Secondary: San Roque College de Cebu - 2017
Senior High School: San Roque College de Cebu - 2019

Relevant Work Experience (if any)

• Freelance Cakes and Pastry Owner - 2017 – present

Relevant student experience (if any)

• Dean’s Lister during the 1st semester A.Y. 2019-2020, with a GPA of 1.50
• Graduated with Honors on May 2019
• Completed the 80-hours Work Immersion Program in CREOTEC Immersion
Center, Corner 2nd Street & 2nd Ave., MEPZ 1 Ibo, Lapu-lapu City on January
15, 2018
• Attended the Caro & Marie: Baking for Beginners Series in The Annex, 18 Cherry
Court, Gen. Maxilom Ave., Cebu City on April 2017

Involvement in the community

• Was a delegate in the MEGA CEBU Youth Convention at Skyhall, SM Seaside
City, Cebu City on September 2017
• Was the president of the Parish Youth Coordinating Council in San Fernando El
Rey Parish, Liloan Cebu on June 2018 – May 2019
• Was a Festival Site Program Cluster Head of the National Youth Day 2019 on
April 2019
• Was a secretary of the SRCDC Dancetroupe in San Roque College de Cebu,
Yati, Liloan, Cebu on July 2016 - July 2017
• Was a secretary of the SRCDC Drum, Lyre and Bugle Corporation in San Roque
College de Cebu, Yati, Liloan, Cebu on July 2014 - July 2016

44
Sencio, Ginev Andrya Lei T.

Profile:
I am still currently in my 2nd year as a Marketing Student,
seeking to learn new skills I can use in the future, striving
to develop and get beneficial information as much as I
can. I am compassionate to learning things and engaging
with people as part of a team. I aspire to do something in
the future that benefits for the overall good of the majority
and not just on my end.

Personal Information

Age: 19 years old

Birthday: April 1, 2001
Address: 976 J. Climaco St., Cogon West, Carmen, Cebu
Contact number: 0995 837 9686
Email address: ginevandrya39@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: Tacup Elementary School - 2013

Secondary: Lambusan National High School - 2017
Senior High School: Colegio de San Antonio de Padua - 2019

Relevant work experience (if any)

• Occasionally managing small business (family business) – 2018 - 2019

Relevant student experience (if any)

• Dean's List during the 1st Semester, Academic Year 2019-2020 with a GPA of
1.57
• Completed the 80-hours Work Immersion - Community Profiling for 2019
Consensus in Barangay Sabang, Danao City
• Graduated with Honors (SHS – 2019)
• Participated in various health and safety programs( 2018-2019)

Involvement in the community

• One of the DRRMO schools brigade affiliates (2019)

45
Turla, Eloisa Marie T.
Profile:
I am a determined individual who will never settle for
mediocrity and I especially work well under pressure. I am
someone who gains knowledge from reading and my
passion for reading and gaining knowledge from various
fields are things that I believe will help me grow into a
holistic social entrepreneur. I can create solutions for any
problem that I enounter and I intend to use this skill to build
my own social enterprise that will aim for the betterment
of society as a whole.

Personal Information

Age: 20 years old

Birthday: March 4, 2000
Address: 1188 V. Rama Ave., Cebu City
Contact number: 09277895272
Email address: elosiaturla04@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: University of San Carlos - South Campus – 2013

Secondary: University of San Carlos - South Campus – 2017
Senior High School: University of San Carlos - Main Campus - 2019

Relevant Work Experience (if any)

• ACADSOC ESL online tutor – July 2020 – August 2020

Relevant student experience (if any)

• Editorial writer, The Communications Pacesetter (USC-SC JHS Official School

Publication, 2016-2017)
• Literary writer, Warrior's Ink (USC SHS Official school publication, 2018-2019)
• Graduated with Honors on May 2019
• Obtained the title of NCIII Certified Events Organizer.
• Dean's List during the 1st Semester, Academic Year 2019-2020 with a GPA of
1.27.
• Awarded 2nd place during the International HULT Prize 2020 Challenge: School
Elimination Round held at the University of San Carlos - Main Campus.
• Won 1st place for Editorial writing in Division Schools Press Conference held in
Cebu City, Philippines in 2016
• Participant for Regional Schools Press Conference held in Carcar, Cebu,
Philippines in 2016

46