Question & Answers
Question & Answers
20. What are the job of Reference Signal in LTE? How many
Reference Signal are present in 1 Resource Block(RB)? How
many types of Reference Signal are available in LTE and their
Description?
Ans. Reference signal are using for channel estimation and pci
validation. There are 4 reference signals are present in 1 RB. In rel-
9 there are 4 types of reference signals are present (1. Cell specific,
2. UE specific, 3. MBMS specifc, 4. position specific). CSI reference
signals further using in next 3GPP releases.
1 REG == 4RE
Frame time and slot time in Uplink is the same as the downlink.
And the useful resource block structure is also equal both in
uplink and downlink. 7 symbols in one slot is equal in both uplink
and downlink.
A little bit of differences you would note would be the location of
the each channel. Normally in downlink case, a channel has a
tendency to lie across the entire bandwidth but the channels
within the uplink slot seem to be more localized. For example,
PUCCH is located most effective at the lowest and highest result
in frequency domain and reference indicators additionally
localized in time area or both time domain and frequency area.
The above Que.27 image had shown the PUSCH position in uplink
frame structure.
Channel?
Ans. Modulation techniques are provided in DCI in downlink
direction from eNodeB to ue.
Total DCI formats are using Pdcch channel and UCI are using in
Pucch channel.
30. What is REG?
Ans. The Resource Element Group is a group of 4 consecutive
resource elements.
35. Describe briefly that where and how many padding “0”
bits are inserted in code segmentation?
44. How will you get the Physical Cell ID from eNB even
without reading BCH?
Ans44: It can be calculated at the time of synchronous process
occurred and read PSS and SSS because PCI=3xSSS + PSS
LTE UE Power On Interview
Questions Answers 1-10
LTE UE Power on Interview Questions Answers
Pcompensation max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH-P_MAX,0)(dB)
7 TDD
6 FDD
5 UTRA
4 GERAN
Note** above table is a example, only for understanding. Operators sets
priority according their network radio conditions.
Q24. What is Suitable Cell and Acceptable Cell what is the difference
between them?
Ans. When a UE is switch on it tries to camp on in a normal service, or a cell
provide normal services to every UE is called suitable cell.
Acceptable cell's are restricted for normal services but allow emergency
calls.
Q25. What is Barred Cell and Blacklisted Cell and difference between
them ?
Ans. Barred cell services are barred for normal class users like AC 0-9. But
are available for user who have AC 10-15. for eg AC-15 is for PLMN users
only. In another term its called a user who have class 15 sim-card can utilize
the services of barred cell (reserved cell).
Blacklisted cell are those cell which are blacklist for a particular radio
network, these blacklisted cell can be inter, intra or inter-rat, A UE should
not consider these cell while sending measurement report, handovers events
or cell-re-selection criteria and save time and select a new cell faster and
reduce the neighbor cell list size.
Q26. What are Access Class (AC), How many AC are available in lte?
Ans. Access Class provide information to network that this is a normal user
or high priority user, behalf of that a EnodeB decide it have to provide the
resource to particular user or not, when EnodeB have less resources
available.
For eg a EnodeB have limited resource and suddenly no. Of users are
increase on site and Enodeb is unable to provide resource to every UE so it
restrict some UE and allocate available resources to particular users only
behalf of their AC.
In LTE we have 16 types of AC
AC 0-9 for normal users only,
AC 10 for emergency eg: police, ambulance, fire-brigade etc,
AC 11 and 15 for PLMN users (operators use)only,
AC 12 for security services users, eg: policemen, intelligence officers,
detective officers,
AC 13 for utility services eg: water, electricity, gas services,
AC 14 for emergency eg: disaster time govt provide some emergency
no.
Q27. From where UE get Barring information?
Ans. Barring information & Barring factor of a AC present in SIB2 MO-
Signalling
AC Barring Factor [0 to 0.95]
AC Barring Time [4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512 seconds]
AC Barring Step [0.05]
MO-Data
AC Barring Factor [0 to 0.95]
AC Barring Time [4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512 seconds]
AC Barring Step [0.05]
Que07. Is your physical layer have own plmn list which need
to provide to higher layer?
Que08. What information UE het from PSS & apart from that?
LTE FUNDAMENTALS
LTE/EPS Mobility Areas
Mobile Country Code(MCC):
(i) MCC Represents the country that a entity belongs to!
(ii) It’s a 12 bits.
o Ex: 404, 405 India , 310 USA
Mobile Network Code(MNC):
(i) MNC Represents the Network that a entity belongs to!
(ii) It’s a 12 or 8 bits depends on MNC number.
Public Land Mobile Network(PLMN):
(i) Represents a operator’s Network in a country!
(ii) Either 20 bits or 24 bits.
PLMN ID = MCC + MNC
o EX1: 404 07 : IDEA A.P, 404 13: VODAFONE, A.P
o EX2: 272 07 : ELR IRELAND , 310 13 : VERIZON, USA
GUMMEI :Global Unique MME ID: Unique in the world. see 5G identities
MCC + MNC + MMEGID + MMEID
PLMN ID + MMEGID +MMEID
MMEIGID: It’s a MME group Id, When more than two IDs serve together to
a set of common list of TAI. This arrangement is known as MME pool and
make a Groups of MME.
GLOBAL ENB-ID: Unique in the world
MCC + MNC + MACRO ENB ID
PLMN ID + MACRO ENB ID
Cell Identifications: When the UE is in Connected State, Network Knows
the UE’s Position at Cell Level!
(i)Cell Identification(CI): Unique in a PLMN and 28 Bit Number
(ii)ECGI: Evolved Cell Global Identity: Unique in the World.
ECGI = MCC + MNC + CI
ECGI = PLMN ID + CI
(iii)PCI: Physical Cell ID: Used for Radio Operations
-(0-503) 504 PCIs are repeated in a PLMN
-Adjacent Cells must be configured with different PCIs.
TAI : Tracking Area Identity: Globally Unique
o Tracking Area = Several Cells
o PLMN Area = One or More Tracking Areas.
o Each Area shall have an Unique Tracking Area Code - TAC
TAI = MCC + MNC + TAC
PLMN + TAC
o Ex: 404 07 56, 404 07 72, 404 13 72, 310 13 72
o Whenever UE shifts from one TAI to another TAI, it would
perform an Tracking Area Update(TAU)
o Network [MME] always maintains the present TAI
of a UE whenever the UE is in Registered State!
TAI Lists:
o Network May Group the Tracking Areas into a TAI List and Requests UE to no
t report the Tracking Area Updates if its present in one of the TAI from
the List!
o So UEs need to perform TAU only if it
enters into a TAI Which is not part of TAI List!
o This feature is also called as Multi-Tracking Area Registration!
UE IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS
UE PERMANENT IDs:
IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identification
IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN
[OR] PLMN ID + MSIN
MS-ISDN(Mobile Subscriber- ISDN):Subscriber Number For ISDN
Services[Only for CS Services]
CC + NDC + SN
IMEI(International Mobile Equipment Identity):Unique Identity for
Mobile Devices
TAC + FAC + SN + SV
UE Temporary IDs: To see 5GNR UE identities
C-RNTI( Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity):Allocated by eNB when UE
Connects to it!
GUTI( Global Unique Temporary Identity):Allocated by MME when UE
Successfully attaches to it!
MCC + MNC + MMEGID + MMEID + M-TMSI
eNB S1AP UEID, MME S1AP UEID
UE STATES
RRC-IDLE <-> RRC-CONNECTED
ECM-IDLE<-> ECM-CONNECTED
EMM-DEREGISTERED <-> EMM-REGISTERED
Q05. What is the meaning of EPS Mobility Management (EMM) and what
kind of information it carry?
Ans. EMM is a sublayer of nas layer and provides the mobility management to
user equipment. EMM have 3 procedures:-
(1) EMM common procedure, (2) EMM specific procedure, (3) EMM
connection management procedure
**Note: All EMM procedure are describes in NAS layer interview que ans
page.
Random value also present in HSS and USIM both and applied EPS AKA
Algorithm and drive XRES in hss and RES in UE.
Why Security Mode Command are using 2 times in Attach Procedure?
Q12. What is the difference between Attach Request, Attach Accept and
Attach Complete? And in which messages these informations is
present?
Q13. What is difference between Radio Bearer and EPS Bearer?
Q14. How many Radio Bearers are uses in LTE?
Q15. How many EPS Bearers are uses in LTE?
Q16. Which type of Attach Procedure UE will do to utilize IMS Services?
Q17. What are the information elements present in Initial Context Setup
and which protocol is using?
Q18. Once UE send Attach Request toward EnodeB then how EnodeB
identified the particular MME?
Q19. Attach Failure Causes?
Q20. Detach call flow(Procedure)?
Q21. Who generate IP address for UE? In which message UE get this IP
address?
Q22. How many maximum IP addresses a UE can have in lte?
Q23. How MME select S-Gw and P-Gw in LTE?
Q24. How MME get the PDN address of a specific UE in attach
procedure?
Q25. What are the Information Element present in Create Session
Request?
Q26. What are the causes of Authentication Failure?
Q27. What are the causes of Security Mode Command Failure?
Q28. What is Service Request?
Q29. What is the difference between Service Request and Extended
Service Request?
Q30. The RRC-Connection Re-configuration message receive by UE and
send by UE in Attach procedure in Which Signalling Radio Bearer(SRB)?
Q31. What is UE Capability Request,What are the Information Elements
present in UE Capability Request?
Q32. Who send Capability Request message to UE, Why Capability
Request is transmition in Attach Procedure 2 times?
Q33. How many Default and Dedicated Bearer a UE can establish in
LTE?
Q34. Where default bearer is present if UE don’t have DL/UL data?
Q35. Suppose UE have only partial Default Bearer present and suddenly
P-Gw receive Downlink Data then how MME re-activate default bearer?