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    Section 299 of The Indian Penal Code

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    lokesh sai
    This document discusses the differences between culpable homicide and murder under Indian law. It explains that culpable homicide involves intentionally killing someone or causing bodily harm likely to result in death, while murder is a more serious offense that requires certainty that one's actions will cause death. The key difference is that culpable homicide does not necessarily involve certainty of death, whereas murder does. It provides examples to illustrate these subtle legal distinctions and compares classifications of homicide offenses in India and the United States.

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    Section 299 of The Indian Penal Code

    Uploaded by

    lokesh sai
    21 views3 pages
    This document discusses the differences between culpable homicide and murder under Indian law. It explains that culpable homicide involves intentionally killing someone or causing bodily harm likely to result in death, while murder is a more serious offense that requires certainty that one's actions will cause death. The key difference is that culpable homicide does not necessarily involve certainty of death, whereas murder does. It provides examples to illustrate these subtle legal distinctions and compares classifications of homicide offenses in India and the United States.

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    This document discusses the differences between culpable homicide and murder under Indian law. It explains that culpable homicide involves intentionally killing someone or causing bodily harm likely to result in death, while murder is a more serious offense that requires certainty that one's actions will cause death. The key difference is that culpable homicide does not necessarily involve certainty of death, whereas murder does. It provides examples to illustrate these subtle legal distinctions and compares classifications of homicide offenses in India and the United States.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    21 views3 pages

    Section 299 of The Indian Penal Code

    Uploaded by

    lokesh sai
    This document discusses the differences between culpable homicide and murder under Indian law. It explains that culpable homicide involves intentionally killing someone or causing bodily harm likely to result in death, while murder is a more serious offense that requires certainty that one's actions will cause death. The key difference is that culpable homicide does not necessarily involve certainty of death, whereas murder does. It provides examples to illustrate these subtle legal distinctions and compares classifications of homicide offenses in India and the United States.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Human 1beings 1had 1killed 1even 1before 1history 1started 1being 1recorded 1for 1us 1to 1see.

    1Today,
    1killing 1another 1person 1is 1one 1of 1the 1gravest 1offenses 1known, 1with 1the 1exception 1of 1sedition
    1and 1treason. 1The 1crime 1is 1known 1as 1homicide 1i.e., 1the 1killing 1of 1another 1human. 1Culpable
    1homicide 1and 1murder 1are 1two 1terms 1commonly 1used 1to 1define 1this 1crime. 1The 1differences
    1between 1these 1two 1terms 1are 1small 1but 1important 1to 1the 1legal 1system 1while 1dispensing
    1justice 1to 1the 1victims 1of 1these 1grave 1crimes. 1Homicides 1can 1also 1be 1justified 1homicides. 1As
    1with 1any 1other 1crime, 1murder 1is 1a 1crime 1against 1a 1person 1as 1well 1as 1the 1society 1as 1a 1whole.
    1It 1disturbs 1the 1peace 1and 1might 1cause 1panic 1and 1hysteria 1amongst 1the 1public, 1especially
    1when 1a 1serial 1killer 1is 1thought 1to 1be 1at 1loose.

    The 1simplest 1way 1to 1put 1the 1differences 1between 1culpable 1homicide 1and 1murder 1is 1that 1all
    1crimes 1of 1murder 1are 1within 1the 1scope 1of 1culpable 1homicide, 1but 1not 1all 1culpable 1homicides
    1amount 1to 1murder. 1Murder 1is 1the 1more 1serious 1of 1the 1two 1offences 1and 1carries 1a 1lengthier
    1sentence 1in 1almost 1all 1countries.

    Section 1299 1of 1the 1Indian 1Penal 1Code

    This 1section 1defines 1culpable 1homicide 1as 1‘whoever 1causes 1death 1by 1doing 1an 1act 1with 1the
    1intention 1of 1causing 1death, 1or 1with 1the 1intention 1of 1causing 1such 1bodily 1injury 1as 1is 1likely
    1to 1cause 1death, 1or 1with 1the 1knowledge 1that 1he 1is 1likely 1by 1such 1act 1to 1cause 1death, 1commits
    1the 1offence 1of 1culpable 1homicide.’

    Section 1300 1of 1the 1Indian 1Penal 1Code

    This 1section 1defines 1murder 1as 1‘culpable 1homicide 1is 1murder, 1if 1it 1satisfies 1any 1or 1all 1of
    1these 1following 1conditions:-

    The 1act 1by 1which 1the 1death 1is 1caused 1is 1done 1with 1the 1intention 1of 1causing 1death, 1or

    If 1it 1is 1done 1with 1the 1intention 1of 1causing 1such 1bodily 1injury 1as 1the 1offender 1knows 1to 1be
    1likely 1to 1cause 1the 1death 1of 1the 1person 1to 1whom 1the 1harm 1is 1caused. 1or-

    If 1it 1is 1done 1with 1the 1intention 1of 1causing 1bodily 1injury 1to 1any 1person 1and 1the 1bodily 1injury
    1intended 1to 1be 1inflicted 1is 1sufficient 1in 1the 1ordinary 1course 1of 1nature 1to 1cause 1death, 1or-

    If 1the 1person 1committing 1the 1act 1knows 1that 1it 1is 1so 1imminently 1dangerous 1that 1it 1must, 1in
    1all 1probability, 1cause 1death, 1or 1such 1bodily 1injury 1as 1is 1likely 1to 1cause 1death, 1and 1commits
    1such 1act 1without 1any 1excuse 1for 1incurring 1the 1risk 1of 1causing 1death 1or 1such 1injury 1as
    1aforesaid.’
    The 1differences 1are 1subtle. 1In 1Culpable 1homicide, 1there 1is 1a 1definite 1Mens 1rea, 1a 1malicious
    1intention 1to 1kill 1the 1victim, 1and 1the 1victim 1dies, 1but 1the 1person 1committing 1the 1homicide
    1cannot 1be 1certain 1of 1death, 1but 1he/she 1hopes 1for 1it. 1It 1is 1complex 1to 1prove 1this 1in 1court, 1and
    1judgments 1may 1run 1askew 1depending 1on 1the 1subjectivity 1of 1the 1case.

    In 1Murder, 1however, 1there 1is 1again, 1a 1definite 1Mens 1Rea, 1a 1malicious 1intention 1to 1kill 1the
    1victim, 1and 1the 1victim 1dies, 1but 1the 1person 1committing 1the 1homicide 1is 1certain 1of 1death, 1and
    1may 1even 1go 1out 1of 1his 1way 1to 1ensure 1it. 1(Example: 1– 1“A” 1goes 1to 1“B” 1with 1the 1intention
    1of 1severely 1scaring 1& 1hurting 1him; 1In 1the 1ensuing 1scuffle, 1“A” 1punches 1“B” 1in 1the
    1abdomen 1and 1“B” 1dies 1as 1a 1result. 1“A” 1could 1not 1have 1been 1certain 1that 1“B” 1would 1die;
    1this 1is 1chargeable 1under 1Culpable 1Homicide, 1not 1amounting 1to 1murder. 1However, 1if 1“A”
    1had 1gone 1to 1“B’s” 1house, 1and 1forced 1“B” 1to 1consume 1poison 1or 1cyanide, 1“A” 1has 1gone 1to
    1extreme 1and 1thorough 1measures 1to 1ensure 1“B’s” 1death, 1and 1the 1crime 1is 1chargeable 1under
    1the 1crime 1of 1Murder.)

    Murders 1usually 1involve 1more 1premeditated 1action 1than 1culpable 1homicides, 1and 1some
    1culpable 1Homicides 1may 1not 1be 1completely 1intentional 1(Example: 1– 1In 1Salman 1Khan’s
    1drunk 1driving 1case, 1he 1had 1no 1intention 1to 1kill, 1however, 1he 1was 1undertaking 1an 1activity 1he
    1knew 1would 1be 1dangerous 1to 1himself 1and 1everyone 1else 1around 1him 1when 1he 1made 1the
    1decision 1to 1drive 1while 1under 1the 1influence 1of 1alcohol. 1He 1was 1charged 1with 1causing 1death
    1by 1a 1rash 1and 1negligent 1act 1– 1not 1amounting 1to 1murder.) 1A 1defendant 1may 1argue 1that
    1he/she 1took 1precautions 1not 1to 1kill 1the 1victim, 1but 1merely 1injure 1or 1hurt, 1if 1faced 1with 1a
    1charge 1of 1murder, 1to 1reduce 1the 1charge 1to 1that 1of 1culpable 1homicide, 1which 1carries 1a 1lower
    1sentence.

    The 1United 1States 1has 1a 1good 1system 1of 1classification 1for 1murder. 1Aggravated 1or 1highly
    1brutal 1murders 1are 1treated 1as 1first-degree 1murders 1(With 1a 1punishment 1of 1life 1in 1prison 1or
    1death), 1while 1“normal” 1murders 1are 1charged 1as 1second-degree 1murder 1(a 1sentence 1of 1up 1to
    1life 1in 1prison). 1They 1also 1refer 1to 1culpable 1homicide 1as 1manslaughter, 1and 1involuntary
    1manslaughter 1may 1be 1committed 1when 1a 1person 1has 1no 1intent 1to 1kill, 1but 1his/her 1actions
    1were 1a 1danger 1to 1everyone 1around, 1and 1death 1occurs 1(Example: 1– 1Waving 1a 1loaded 1gun,
    1and 1accidentally 1firing 1a 1bullet.) 1(Involuntary 1manslaughter 1carries 1a 1sentence 1of 1up 1to
    1eight 1years). 1Voluntary 1manslaughter 1or 1third-degree 1murder 1is 1a 1murder 1done 1in 1the 1heat
    1of 1the 1moment; 1with 1no 1premeditation 1or 1planning 1(They 1carry 1a 1punishment 1of 1up 1to
    1fifteen 1years).
    Homicide 1can 1also 1be 1justified. 1Most 1countries 1allow 1for 1self 1defense, 1although 1some
    1countries 1place 1higher 1restrictions 1on 1their 1citizens, 1to 1prevent 1misuse 1of 1this 1privilege. 1The
    1United 1States 1has 1a 1“castle 1doctrine”. 1The 1castle 1doctrine 1states 1that 1a 1person 1may 1use
    1force, 1up 1to 1deadly 1force, 1to 1defend 1themselves 1against 1any 1intruder, 1if 1they 1are 1in 1a 1place
    1they 1are 1legally 1entitled 1to 1be, 1and 1are 1protected 1from 1prosecution 1for 1such 1acts. 1This 1is
    1most 1commonly 1seen 1when 1potential 1housebreakers 1or 1thieves 1are 1killed 1by 1the
    1homeowners. 1India 1has 1a 1similar 1law 1but 1stipulates 1that 1a 1person 1may 1only 1use 1force
    1proportional 1to 1the 1force 1being 1used 1against 1him, 1and 1only 1in 1situations 1where 1there 1is 1a
    1fear 1of 1grievous 1injury 1or 1death.

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