Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 406 views

    Flower Morphology

    Uploaded by

    Sleeping Beauty
    This document provides information on flower morphology including the reproductive organs and accessory organs of flowers. It describes the female gynoecium including stigma, style, ovary, and ovule and the male androecium including filament, anther, and pollen. It also discusses accessory organs like the perianth, pedicels, peduncles, bracts, and their variations. The positions of reproductive organs on the receptacle and features of anthers like attachment and dehiscence are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Flower Morphology

    Uploaded by

    Sleeping Beauty
    406 views129 pages
    This document provides information on flower morphology including the reproductive organs and accessory organs of flowers. It describes the female gynoecium including stigma, style, ovary, and ovule and the male androecium including filament, anther, and pollen. It also discusses accessory organs like the perianth, pedicels, peduncles, bracts, and their variations. The positions of reproductive organs on the receptacle and features of anthers like attachment and dehiscence are also summarized.

    Original Title

    FLOWER MORPHOLOGY

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides information on flower morphology including the reproductive organs and accessory organs of flowers. It describes the female gynoecium including stigma, style, ovary, and ovule and the male androecium including filament, anther, and pollen. It also discusses accessory organs like the perianth, pedicels, peduncles, bracts, and their variations. The positions of reproductive organs on the receptacle and features of anthers like attachment and dehiscence are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    406 views129 pages

    Flower Morphology

    Uploaded by

    Sleeping Beauty
    This document provides information on flower morphology including the reproductive organs and accessory organs of flowers. It describes the female gynoecium including stigma, style, ovary, and ovule and the male androecium including filament, anther, and pollen. It also discusses accessory organs like the perianth, pedicels, peduncles, bracts, and their variations. The positions of reproductive organs on the receptacle and features of anthers like attachment and dehiscence are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 129

    FLOWER MORPHOLOGY

    •Flowers : The organs of a plant


    that go through sexual
    reproduction process. Their final
    product is seed an fruit.
    •Gynoecium : female reproductive
    organs. Stigma, style, ovary,
    ovule
    •Androecium : male reproductive
    organs. Filament, anther, pollen
    ACCESSORY ORGANS

    Perianth :
    / Pistil
    Petal and calyx
    Singular : Petal
    Plural : Corolla

    Singular : Sepal
    Plural : Calyx
    Tepal :
    Petal fused
    with sepal
    Pedicel/Peduncle
    Supporting structure
    1. Peduncle : stalk. Support flower
    2. Receptacle : End/top end swollen and act
    as base for flower
    3. Pedicels : smaller branches of peduncle
    Pedicels

    Peduncle
    Allium sp. Family : Liliaceae
    Pedicel

    Peduncle

    Dendrobium sp.
    Accessory organs
    1. Petal variation
    Shape (follow leaf)

    Rosa sp. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis


    Helianthus annus
    2. Colour variation
    Monochrome

    Black Tulipa sp.


    Blue Campanula rotundifolia
    Lavendar – Lavandula sp.
    Red Rosa sp. Pink Rhododendron sp.
    Yellow Daffodil sp.
    White Magnolia sp.
    Green Ylang ylang Cananga odorata
    Multicolour
    Pansy – Viola sp.
    MODIFIED PETALS

    Family :
    Leguminoceae

    Standard/Banner

    Wings

    Keel
    STAMEN
    BANNER

    WING
    KEEL
    Paddy : Oryza sativa, Family : Poaceae
    Borneo orchid, Phalaenopsis violacea
    Family :Orchidaceae

    Sepal

    Petal

    Sepal
    Lip/labellum
    Sepal
    Petal Petal

    Ginadrium

    Peduncle
    Sepal Sepal
    Lip
    Paphiopedilum sp.
    Rafflesia sp.Parasitic, largest flower. No leaf,
    no stem, no root.
    Corpse flower : Amorphophallus titanum
    Spadix : Spike shape
    inflorescence

    Spathe : A large bract


    enclosing flower
    • Largest unbranched flower
    • Underground corm
    • Leaf appears after flower died
    Floral symmetry

    Zygomorphic – Bilateral symmetrical, line in a middle, structure along


    one another (left and right) are mirror like. Mirror of top and bottom not alike
    Arachnis pintoi
    Leguminoceae
    Actinomorphic – radially symmetrical, any drawn line will produce mirror
    image
    Petunia sp.
    Petal or sepal division
    1. Polysepalous or polypetalous
    Sepals or petals free, not united

    2. Gamosepalous or gamopetalous
    Sepals or petals united

    3. Descriptions : Symmetry type + division


    type
    Forms of corollas
    1. Actinomorphic and polypetalous
    2. Actinomorphic and gamopetalous
    3. Zygomorphic and polypetalous
    4. Zygomorphic and gamopetalous
    A. Actinomorphic and polypetalous

    1.Cruciform – The
    cruciform corolla
    consists of four
    free petals, each
    divided into
    sections,
    arranged like a
    cross
    Mustard/sawi - Brassica rapa Family : Brassicaceae
    2. Caryophyllaceous : Corolla
    consists of five petals with long
    claws, petals are right angle

    Pink - Dianthus sp. Dianthus superbus


    Family : Caryophyllaceae
    3. Rosaceous : Five petals, short
    claw or none at all, outward
    regularly

    Tea – Camilia sinensis


    Family : Theaceae Prune/plum - Prunus domestica
    Family : Rosaceae
    B. Actinomorphic and gamopetalous
    1. Campanulate : Corolla resembles bell
    or bell-shaped flower

    Lily of the valley Bluebells Foxglove


    Convallaria majalis Campanulla grandifolia Digitalis purpurea
    2. Tubular – When the corrolla is cylindrical
    or tube-like that is equally expand from base
    to apex

    Ruellia radicans
    Helianthus annus
    Torch Lily – Kniphofia sp.
    3. Funnel-shaped : When corolla look like a
    funnel, corolla gradually spreading
    outwards from a narrow base

    Sweet potato – Ipomoea batatas


    Angel’s trumpet
    Family : Convolvulaceae
    Datura candida
    4. Rotate or wheel-shape : Corolla
    narrow and short, ending with corolla
    look like a wheel

    Jasmine/melur – Siantan - Ixora javanica


    Jasminum polyanthum. Family : Rubiaceae
    Family : Oleaceae
    C. Zygomorphic and polypetalous
    1. Paplionaceous or butterfly-like : Look like
    a butterfly, five petals, consist of standard,
    wing and keel. Leguminosae/Fabaceae
    family

    Peanut: Arachis hypogaea Sweet Pea : Pisum sativum


    D. Zygomorphic and gamopetalous
    1. Bilabiate or two-lipped : Limb of corolla
    divided into tow portions of lips, upper
    and lower lip

    Basil – Ocimum basilicum


    Family : Lamiaceae
    2. Personate or masked : Two-lipped
    but lips near each other, lower lip close
    the mouth of flower

    Snapdragon – Figwort Toadflax – Linaria alpina


    Family : Scrophulariaceae Family : Plantaginaceae
    3. Ligulate or strap-
    shaped : Whole
    corolla form a short,
    narrow tube below,
    but is flattened
    above like a strap
    Tepal
    • Petal and sepal fused. Undistinguish

    TEPAL

    CORONA (FILAMENT)

    Passion flower – Passiflora sp. Family : Passifloraceae


    Corona : crown, lobes, scales of
    hair, free or united

    United (cup) corona United (attached to petal)


    Daffodil sp. Nerium oleander
    Floral aestivation
    1. Valvate : Members of
    whorls make contact with
    each other by their margins,
    or, petals or sepals next to
    each other without
    overlapping

    2. Twisted : Margin sepal or


    petal nest to each other, and
    overlapping, maybe
    clockwise or anti clockwise
    3. Imbricate – One of the sepal or
    petal is internal, overlapping on
    both margins, one of them is
    external, and the rest overlap at
    one margin next to each other

    4. Vexillary – Five petals of the


    posterior (outside) is larger
    almost covers the two lateral
    petals and the latter in their turn,
    nearly overlaps the 2 interior
    (inside) smallest petals.
    1. Valvate

    Annona squamosa
    Family : Annonaceae
    2. Twisted

    Okra/lady’s finger Cotton


    Hibiscus esculentus Gossypium arboreum
    Famili : Malvaceae Family : Malvaceae
    3. Imbricate

    Twin flowered cassia Flame tree/semarak api


    Cassia biflora Delonix regia
    Family : Fabaceae Family : Fabaceae
    4. Vexillary – Family paplionaceae

    Butterfly pea
    Clitoria ternatia
    Pea
    Pisum sativum
    BRACTS
    • Bracts – modified leaf on flower stalk

    LEAF

    Foliaceous – foliar = leaf. Green flat, Epicalyx – leaf on base of calyx


    Leaf-like appearance
    Spathe – Large boat shaped bract enclosing a cluster of flowers or
    Inflorescences (spadix)
    Anthurium sp. Family : Araceae
    Spathe

    Banana Bird of paradise


    Involucre – bracts in whorls, present around cluster of
    flower. Asteraceae
    Bracteole
    At the base of the individual florets of the
    Asteraceae flower, thin, membranous, scale.
    Glumes – Small, dry, scaly, in spikelet of Poaceae. Bracts that
    are empty glumes. Lemma is flowering glumes, palea is
    a bracteole
    REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
    1. Female / Gynoecium

    Receptacle/thalamus Carpel / pistil


    • Stigma : Structures that receive pollen
    • Style : Structure that support stigma. Long
    or short
    • Ovary : Structures protects the ovule and
    once fertilisation has taken place it will
    become the fruit
    • Ovule : Like the egg in animals and once
    fertilisation has taken place will become
    the seed.
    Stigma variation

    Simple
    Multiple stigma /lobed

    Cactaceae Garcinia mangostana


    OVARY

    STIGMA

    Passiflora sp.
    Floral position on receptacle
    1. HYPOGYNY : ovary on the highest
    position on receptacle, stamens, petals
    and sepals, attached below ovary. Ovary
    superior to other parts
    2. PERIGYNY :
    Margin of
    receptacle
    grows upwards
    to form a cup
    shaped
    structure called
    calyx tube
    (hypanthium),
    enclosing ovary
    but free from
    ovary, carrying
    HYPANTHIUM sepal, petal and
    stamen. Ovary
    superior to
    other parts
    3. EPIGYNY : The
    margin of receptacle
    grows further
    upwards, completely
    enclosing the ovary
    and fused with it, with
    sepals, petals and
    stamen above the
    ovary. Ovary inferior
    to other parts.
    Androecium – male reproductive organs

    B
    Anther parts
    1. Connective. Filament extension
    between thecae.
    2. Locule. Compartment of an anther.
    3. Pollen Grain. Young male
    gametophyte.
    4. Pollen Sac. Male sporangium.
    5. Theca. One half of anther containing
    two pollen sacs or male sporangia.
    Anther attachment
    1. Basifixed
    Anther attached at its base to
    apex of filament

    2. Dorsifixed
    Anther attached dorsally and
    medially to apex of filament
    Anther dehiscence
    1. Longitudinal. Dehiscing along
    long axis of theca.
    a. Extrorse. Dehiscing longitudinally
    outward.
    b. Introrse. Dehiscing longitudinally
    inward.
    2. Poricidal. Dehiscing through a
    pore at apex of theca.

    3.Transverse. Dehiscing at right


    angles to long axis of theca.

    4.Valvular. Dehiscing through a


    pore covered by a flap of tissue.
    Stamen fusion type
    1. Monadelphous
    Stamens united in one group by their
    filaments or all the stamens are united into
    a single tube.
    2. Diadelphous
    Describing a flower's cluster of stamens
    in which the stamens are held in two
    bundles or clusters, as in many legumes
    in which there are nine stamens in one
    bundle and one stamen in the second
    CLASSIFICATIONS OF FLOWERS
    1. Complete flowers are made up of calyx,
    corolla, stamens, and a pistil or pistils (the
    four "regular parts").

    2. Incomplete flowers lack one or more of


    the four regular parts of a complete flower
    as in all of the Fagaceae (oak family),
    Betulaceae (birch family) and
    Juglandaceae (walnut family).
    3.Perfect flowers have both stamens
    and pistils, but not necessarily sepals
    or petals.

    4. Imperfect flowers lack either


    stamens or pistils, and may or may
    not have sepals or petals
    5. Naked flowers are without petals
    (apetalous) or sepals (asepalous) as in
    Zantedeschia sp. (calla lily).

    6. Apetalous flowers lack petals as in


    Elaeagnus pungens (silverthorn) Hydrangea
    sp.

    Spathe Cally lily Sepals of Hydrangea sp.


    7. Staminate (male) flowers have a
    stamen or stamens, but no functional
    pistils.

    8.Pistillate (female) flowers have a


    pistil or pistils, but no functional
    stamens.
    FLOWERING CHARACTERISTICS
    1. Monoecious
    Plants bear both staminate and
    pistillate flowers on the same
    plant as in Quercus sp. (oak) and
    Zea mays (corn).
    2. Dioecious
    Plants bear staminate flowers on
    one plant and pistillate flowers on
    a different plant, hence the terms
    male and female plants. Ilex
    species (holly) and all cycads and
    many conifers are examples.
    3. Polygamous
    Plants bear staminate, pistillate, and
    hermaphroditic (bisexual - both
    sexes present and functional in the
    same flower) flowers on the same
    plant. An example is Acer rubrum
    (red maple).
    INFLORESCENCE TYPE
    Flower

    Pedicel

    Bract

    Peduncle
    1. Solitary:
    A single flower on a stem.
    2. Spike
    Unbranched inflorescence with
    sessile flowers (no pedicels).

    Grass - Penissetum conjugatum Family : Poaceae


    3. Raceme
    Unbranched
    inflorescence with
    flowers on
    pedicels
    4. Panicle
    A branched or
    compound raceme
    (i.e. main rachis with
    branches bearing
    flowers on pedicels).

    Oryza sativa
    5. Corymb
    Flat-topped inflorescence with youngest
    flowers at the end of main axis or rachis.

    Balung ayam – Celosia cristata


    Siantan – Ixora javanica, Family : Rubiaceae
    6. Cyme
    Flat-topped inflorescence with oldest
    flowers at the end of main axis. [Includes
    simple, compound and scorpioid cymes.]

    Scorpioid cyme
    Compound cyme
    Simple cyme
    Bunga tahi ayam – Lantana camara
    7. Umbel
    Flat-topped inflorescence with all the
    pedicels arising from a common point.
    [Includes simple and compound umbels.]
    8. Catkin or Ament: A spike-like
    inflorescence of unisexual, apetalous
    flowers, often pendent and falling as a
    unit.

    Acalypha hispida
    9. Spadix
    A thick, fleshy spike of unisexual, apetalous
    flowers, often surrounded by a vase-shaped or
    funnel-like modified leaf or spathe which is
    often brightly colored. The male flowers are
    typically clustered above the female flowers on
    an erect, phallus-like spike.
    10. A capitulum or head
    The characteristic inflorescence of the
    sunflower family (Asteraceae). Depending
    on the tribe, the inflorescence may consist
    of ray flowers, disk flowers, or both ray
    and disk flowers. The ovary of each flower
    is situated below the attachment of the
    corolla and stamens, a condition referred
    to as epigynous or inferior.
    11. Cyathium
    Inflorescence of the Euphorbiaceae Family. Bracts
    surround clusters of small, greenish, cup-shaped
    structures called cyathia. Each cyathium is actually a
    flower cluster or inflorescence containing unisexual,
    apetalous male and female flowers. The inconspicuous
    male flowers occur in clusters and are reduced to a
    single red stamen, while the female flower consists of a
    single ovary (pistil) on a stalk (pedicel).

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy