Chapter One Background of The Study
Chapter One Background of The Study
Chapter One Background of The Study
INTRODUCTION
The internet is readily accessible with the use of ICT with its capability to house
an almost infinite amount of resources, it can offer diverse, accessible and useful
educational tools for students and teachers alike. As stated by Blurton, (2015) objects and
concepts that can be observed visually can be used to stimulate the minds of students for
effective learning. According to Hale and Lewis, attention is a critical factor in the
learning process. Optimal learning is achieved when the attention of a learner is caught,
who wish to be filled, but active beings who seek meaning in things.
(DepEd) has begun implementing and intensifying the use of ICT to further make the
process of learning itself efficient (Dar, 2017). ICTs are currently being used in education
to assist students to learn more effectively by providing teachers with access to a wide
The researchers chose to study about this because ICT is deemed more of a
Technology (ICT) in making learning easier for Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM) students in St. Albert the Great School (SAGS), School Year 2019-
2020.
1. What are the ICT-Integrated learning materials often used in the classroom
2. How does ICT-integrated learning materials make learning easier for the
students?
students’ learning?
1. The students. The students will benefit from the study because they will
thus they will appreciate the use of these materials in their classroom discussions.
2. The teachers. The findings will assist the teachers in realizing the
performance.
3. The parents. The results of this study will enlighten the parents as it will
educate them the positive effects of ICT-integrated materials in the learning of their
children. It may help open their minds that ICT may help in developing their children’s
4. The School. The school administration will be able to produce caliber 21st
century learners who are ready and equipped for higher learning. This study will also
(CHED) as the findings of this study can help them realize the materials that are already
necessary for the students’ learning and at the same time create better ICT-integrated
basis for studies relevant to ICT-integration in an academic setting. They may also use it
easier for SAGS STEM students wherein the outcome of the surveys will be the basis to
create suggestions and recommendations to further improve the utilization of ICT within
the said academic institution. This research is delimited to study the effects of ICT to the
students in terms of their perceptions and attitudes towards learning with technology.
The only respondents of the researchers’ study are STEM students in SAGS who
The researchers hypothesized that the use of ICT-integrated materials will make
learning easier and cause advantageous learning among the STEM students of St. Albert
Conceptual Framework
easier by first determining the instructional materials that are most commonly used inside
televisions and tablets. They have analyzed how these instructional materials makes the
learning process easier and how effective these are when being applied inside the
classrooms. The researchers also looked for the advantages of utilizing ICT-integrated
is responsible for ensuring access to the improvement of the quality of basic education.
the Philippines; a major amendment to the former system of education that does not
that will develop the students’ ability to evaluate simple to complex societal problems
and be responsive and active in the formulation of its solution through the application and
prepares them to pursue college degrees that focuses on the enigma of the natural world
thereby leading them to become future scientists, technological analysts and experts,
Instructional Materials
inanimate objects. Instructional materials help the teachers to achieve the desired learning
objectives. These are materials that can help the student understand the topic beyond
what is being literally said. It may give the students new knowledge about a certain topic.
(Muraina, 2015).
Instructional materials are also defined as resources that organize and support
instructions. It basically aims to have a proper and organized education to the students.
Teachers may use this as guidelines to support them to have proper and good quality of
There are two types of instructional materials, the traditional resources and
graphic organizers. Traditional resources include any kind of books. These materials can
help introduce new concepts to the students, books have the most credible sources of
information but make sure that the lessons and topics are appropriate for the needs of the
Instructional materials both in printed form and those of audio and visual types
materials are used to help the teacher succeed in their goal to deliver good quality of
education. Modern learning demands that the necessary facilities, well qualified teachers,
suitable texts and instructional materials are available to achieve the aims and objectives
of teaching at all levels. Provision of these facilities and materials is of great importance
Many schools around the world use instructional materials to have quality
education. They use different types of ICT tools to communicate, create and have good
source of information to ensure that the students will understand the lesson. (Blurton,
2000) The ICT tools become essential to the teaching-learning interaction, these tools
replace chalkboards with televisions. Students also use their smartphones to easily gather
Countries worldwide use different kinds of ICT tools that can help the students
have a broad and clearer understanding of the lesson. It includes the use of laptops that
allows a one-on-one interaction between a teacher and a student (Zuker & Light 2009).
This also includes tablets, a small personal computer with a touch screen, allowing the
students to easily access information from the internet and many useful applications can
also be downloaded in this device (Nirvi, 2011). Interactive whiteboards allow projected
displayed in a whiteboard by the use of projectors, allowing anybody to interact with the
image being displayed (Alsied & Pathan, 2015) Schools today also use e-books, these are
electronic devices that can download many books in digital form (Jung, Chan-Olmsted,
Park & Kim 2011). Last are flipped classrooms which involve lecture and practice at
home via computer-guided instruction and interactive learning activities in class (Bishop
ICT supports information and knowledge sharing on a large scale. The classic
training model in education does not usually promote interactive learning. Knowledge
sharing and learning are increasingly recognized as being powerful contributors to the
development process, both of which are done easier with the use of ICT-integrated
learning materials.
New ICT’s overcome the barriers of distance and time, and significantly
information and knowledge quickly and effectively becomes feasible. With this ICT can
According to Majumdar (2006), there are many ways ICT can make the process
of learning easier. This includes the following: 1) Students can explore and represent
information dynamically in many forms with the use of ICT- integrated materials. With
the use of graphic organizers and visual aids, representing even numerical data can be
communicate more complex ideas through the use of ICT-integrated materials. This
supports the first stated way on how ICT makes learning easier, which is about being able
being versatile than any other medium allows students to have quick and easy access to
learning assistance when teachers fail to provide the needed assistance or guidance. Also,
ICTcan allow the student to have access on a variety of examples and information to
expound their ideas. A situational example of this would be a student searching the
Through ICT, learners are capable to easily access data, ideas and information
authenticating material coming from a wide range of multimedia forms. Students are also
able to easily learn through ICT for it helps to extend data and information by processing,
manipulating, analyzing and publishing material in different multimedia forms; ICT also
transforms ideas and information into new or diverse forms by synthesizing, modeling,
simulating and innovating materials in many multimedia styles and formats; and through
ICT, learning is made easier for information is easily shared across local, national and
time.
Learners can easily express their personality, widen their imagination and it can
be utilized in levels of education and in all the aspects of learning. Beginning from
productivity tools to simulation and modeling, there are a variety of generic tools that
help learners to access, extend, transform and share information. The access to a vast
source of educational resources can integrate the curriculum objectives and make positive
effects to the learning of students. ICT makes learning easy for students by helping them
collaboration type of interactions. With the use of Google Docs, Google Drive, and
given the links to the file, and the same can be done in Google Docs and Slides to avoid
When used properly, ICTs are said to aid in expanding the reach of education,
workplace, and improve educational quality by helping make teaching and learning into
Computers began to be used in schools in the early 1980s, and several scholars
suggest that ICT will be an important part of education for the next generation
(Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000; Grimus, 2000; Yelland, 2001). Up‐to‐date
technology offers many ways of improving classroom teaching and learning (Ghavifekr
et al., 2014; Lefebvre, Deaudelin & Loiselle, 2006). Dawes (2001) stated that new
technologies have the potential to upkeep education across the curriculum and deliver
Many believe that using ICT tools make the students more focused on the lessons
and lead them to have critical thinking skills. ICT tools help them to better creative
thinking and understand the lessons faster and assist them in becoming more prepared in
used inside the classroom with using it inside a classroom. It improves a student's
tend to be more active and cooperative because of the new experiences it brings.
Compared to the traditional way of teaching, students usually do not engage with learning
actively.
Savvidi also stated that ICT- integrated materials improves knowledge retention,
given that the students are more active with the use of technology. Since they are
interested in what they are doing, they are expected to have a better knowledge retention.
Technology is also useful for practicing skills that students can use on the 21st
century. Students can gain practical skills with modern learning that engages with solving
improving productivity. Also, the students will be technologically literate, they will be
able to assess and differentiate reliable sources from unreliable resources, manipulate the
METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes a description of the research design and its corresponding
factors that may affect the results and the answers of the respondents, and the research
instruments used.
Research Design
researchers used survey questionnaires to collect data from the STEM students of SAGS.
The researchers had secondary data in the form of review of related literature as basis to
Research Locales
The research study was conducted within the campus of St. Albert the Great
School located in Malued District, Dagupan City. Specifically, inside the classrooms of
Respondents
The respondents of the research study are the 100 students Senior High School
Students in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand during the
Research Instruments
The questionnaire consisted of three questions in line with the research problems. The
choices in the questions were based on the gathered data in the review of the related
literature.
approved by the authorities headed by the Principal in order to conduct a survey within
the school premises. The survey was conducted in the 2nd week of August.
Before conducting the survey, the researchers asked permission from the teacher
scheduled in that particular time. The researchers briefed the students about the survey
questionnaire and its purpose, then they distributed the survey forms to the respondents.
The researchers also tended to all the clarifications that the respondents need.
CHAPTER 4
This chapter presents the results of the study that was mathematically solved and
interpreted by the researchers. The results presented in bar graph and tables with
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Powerpoint Televisions Laptops Smartphones Tablets E-Books
FREQUENCY
Figure 2. The bar graph shows the instructional materials often used inside the classroom.
The result presents the results of the instructional materials often used inside the
classroom that was gathered from the STEM students of SAGS. It shows here that the
PowerPoint has accumulated the highest number of responses with 92 out of 100, which
means it is the most used instructional material used inside the classrooms. The choice
that has the least number of gathered response is the E-books which proves that it is the
plan and a visual aid as well, making them used widely in almost any subject. Televisions
are where most presentations are projected to cater to a class of at least thirty. Laptops
second to the Smartphones when it comes to where PowerPoints are created, stored, or
downloaded. Smartphones are where most teachers store their PowerPoints that they use
to teach. Tablets are rarely used by teachers in classes to teach students. E-books go last
because there is not much any innovation in its aspect, it is just a textbook that is readily
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
Accessibility of Effective Data is Extended More Versatile Data is Easily Exploring
Information Communication and Trasnformed Medium Shared Information
of Ideas
Average Rank
Figure 3. The figure shows how the ICT- integrated tools make the learning process
easier regarding the said choices.
The result shows that ‘accessibility of information’ has accumulated the highest
average rank of 4.5 and an overall rank of 1. This proves that the students agree that the
accessibility of information is what makes their process of learning easier with the use of
make information easier to access because it is compiled in one file. The Effective
communication of ideas comes and data is extended and transformed comes next because
PowerPoint presentations give the users a variety of ways to use it and how the data was
showed. Data is easily shared and more versatile medium ranks 4.5 because the internet
plays a role on how information is easily spread and the medium can be seen anywhere.
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
More Active and Prepared on Gain Practical Skills More Focused in the Thinking
Cooperative Technological Lessons
Change
Average Rank
Figure 4. Presents the Advantages of ICT- integrated learning materials to the STEM
students of SAGS based on set choices.
According from the result, the choice ‘more active and cooperative’ has
accumulated the highest average rank of 3.4 and an overall rank of 1. It proves that ICT-
integrated materials effectively helps the students to be more active and cooperative
inside the classroom. While the choice ‘students have great creative thinking’, has
collected an average of 2.6 and an overall rank of 5 which verifies that most of the
students do not consider ICT- integrated materials in making them have great creative
thinking as an advantage.
Its ability to make students more active and cooperative ranks first because it
gives students new experiences, in which they will want to participate in, therefore
making them more active in class. Its ability to make students prepared on technological
progressing, therefore students must keep up with the change to stay ICT-literate.
Students can gain practical skills ranks third because it allows them to deal with matters
that involve problem solving, critical thinking, and using newer forms of technology. Its
ability to make students more focused in the lessons ranks fourth because incorrect usage
can make it more of a distraction. Its ability to make the students have great creative
thinking ranks last because it may make them more reliant on the resources that are
Findings
presentations are the most used instructional material inside the classroom. According to
Janovsky (2018), there two types of instructional materials, these include the traditional
resources and the graphic materials, and PowerPoint is a type of a graphic material that
graphic organizers usually use visual presentations and PowerPoints. It was also said by
Ralph (1999) that provision of these facilities, make effective learning in school. It also
An ICT- integrated tool is effective enough to make the students agree that one of
its most effective and experienced advantages is that it is accessible to get information.
Majumdar (2006) said that one of the many ways ICT make the process of learning easier
is the easy access of data and information through searching, locating, manipulating,
selecting and classifying in many multimedia forms. Students are capable of accessing
and sharing data across local, national, and international regions through electronic
devices like ICT materials. Accessibility does not come with only being easy to influence
and accessed, but it is also capable of being used easily by its availability.
According from the results shown in table 2, ICT- integrated materials make
students more active and cooperative which was also stated by Pano Savvidis (2016), that
technology improves the students’ interest in learning. Compared to the old way of
teaching and learning where in students do not participate attentively with activities
inside the classroom, technology is a big help in improving the process of learning of the
students. The use of technology excites them because of new experiences, making them
Conclusions
The statistical results prove that ICT is effective as an educational tool for it has
made life even more so learning, easier. ICTs, when appropriately used, complements a
efficient. Having ICT as an educational tool has been a great motivation for learning as it
gives students and teachers an avenue to explore more new ideas which makes learning
more exciting. This makes the students indulge more in discussions and activities
necessary for their education. Aside from that integration of ICT as a tool for learning
has given positive effects for it allows self-paced learning. This allows students to select
what they would want to focus on and based on their perception, needs and positions
when it comes to learning. ICT is proven have positive effects in the learning of students
for it leads to remunerative abilities and skills for self-regulated learning. Lastly,
incorporating ICT in the classroom setting also boosts the confidence of learners since
having provided the ICT materials and being able to use them efficiently for their
learning, the students feel that they are given sufficient ways to expand their knowledge
The top ICT-integrated learning materials that are often utilized for students’ use
are PowerPoint presentations, televisions, laptops and smartphones. These materials have
been most the most efficient ICT tools for they are highly accessible.
ICT-integration makes learning easier since it has made learning more
convenient. ICT-integration in education has shown positive effects in the learning of the
students for it offers more information than those in books and a variety of references to
choose from. ICT tools makes learning easier because it can be a great substitute to any
unavailable materials since what is needed can be searched and found in just a few clicks.
It also makes learning easier because through ICT teachers and students can
communicate effortlessly and are able to address mistakes or points in an instant. Lessons
are also taught in a creative and versatile way as the information can be analyzed and
ICT-integrated learning will increase the capabilities of teachers to teach and the
capabilities students to learn, this way both will yield more positive results. The students
may have the ability to acquire higher grades for they have greater understanding of the
information being taught by their teachers. Both students and teachers will be able to
maximize their time in learning since they already know what they need to focus on. ICT
has positive effects in education, for it has created a bigger horizon of learning for
students. The immersive features of ICT has made students more cooperative and enjoy
Recommendations
The students. The students must know that the PowerPoint presentation is useful
for classes, and so they must use it properly. It is not meant to replace textbooks,
but it takes the information out of it and projects it visually, making an experience
out of it. The students must know that so they will use PowerPoint as visual aids.
The teachers. Enhance their skills in relation to ICT and continue using ICT tools
The teachers. They must update their Microsoft PowerPoint applications to the
latest version to use all the features that makes it more interactive. Seminars on
The parents. The parents must know the benefits of ICT so that they may provide
the bare minimum ICT materials like laptops and internet connection that their
children’s needs. They must also teach and guide them into responsibly using ICT
costly, but there is a lot of features that can be used by teachers to make their
The government. The DepEd must invest on the improvement of the ICT
integration in all schools and in the continuous trainings for the teachers regarding
the same.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
Alsied, S.M. and Pathan, M.M. 2015. ‘The use of computer technology in EFL
classroom: Advantages and implications.’International Journal of English Language and
Translation Studies. 1(1).
Bishop, J.L. and Verleger, M.A. 2013. ‘The flipped classroom: A survey of the
research.’ Presented at the 120th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. Atlanta,
Georgia.
Flecknoe, Mervyn. 2010. ‘How can ICT Help us to Improve Education?’ pp. 271-
279.
Grimus, M. (2000). ICT and multimedia in the primary school. Paper presented at
the 16th conference on educational uses of information and communication technologies,
Beijing, China.
Jang, Yeona. 2015. Convenience matters: A qualitative study on the impact of use
of social media and collaboration technologies on learning experience and performance
in higher education.Desautels Business School, McGill University, Montreal.
Jung, J., Chan-Olmsted, S., Park, B., and Kim, Y. 2011. 'Factors affecting e-book
reader awareness, interest, and intention to use.' New Media & Society. 14(2)
Lefebvre, S., Deaudelin, D., & Loiselle, J. (2006), ICT implementation stages of
primary school teachers: The practices and conceptions of teaching and learning. Paper
presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education National Conference,
Adelaide, Australia.
Majumdar, Shyamal Kumar. 2006. Emerging Trends in Education & Training.
Dear Madam:
We are humbly asking for your permission to conduct a survey to the Grade 11
and 12 STEM students of St. Albert the Great School during their free time.
We assure that all information will only be obliged for our research. We attach
our survey questionnaire for your reference.
Realyn C. Mejia
Christian Ray T. Matias SHS Assistant Prinicipal
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name (Optional):_________________________________________________
Year & Section: ______________________
Instructions: Each question has its corresponding set of instructions. Read carefully
before you respond to a question. For any clarifications, ask the assigned researcher of
the said research paper present in your classroom.
Purpose: The purpose of this questionnaire is to determine the ICT-materials used in the
classroom, the ways it makes learning easier, and its advantages. The researchers who
have conducted this survey study will preserve the confidentiality of the survey forms
and will only use this to gauge the integration of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) in making learning easier for Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM) students in St. Albert the Great School (SAGS), School Year 2019-
2020.
1. What are the instructional materials often used in your classroom? (Check all
that you have used in the past week)
PowerPoints Tablets
E-Books Smart Phones
Televisions Laptops
2. How do ICT-Integrated tools make learning easier? Please rank your answer
from 1-6.
__Accessibility of information
__ Students can explore information
__ Effective communication of ideas
__ More versatile medium
__ Data is extended and transformed
__ Data is easily shared
3. What are the advantages of ICT-integrated learning materials for the students’
learning? Please rank your answer from 1-5.
__ Makes students more active and cooperative
__ Makes the students more focused on the lessons
__ Makes the students have great creative thinking
__ Makes the student prepared on technological change
__ Students can gain practical skills