Paper Reference(s)

6677/01
Edexcel GCE
Mechanics M1
Advanced Subsidiary
Wednesday 16 May 2012  Morning
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

Mathematical Formulae (Pink) Nil

Candidates may use any calculator allowed by the regulations of the Joint
Council for Qualifications. Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic
algebra manipulation, differentiation and integration, or have retrievable
mathematical formulae stored in them.

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the examining body (Edexcel), your
centre number, candidate number, the unit title (Mechanics M1), the paper reference (6677),
your surname, other name and signature.
Whenever a numerical value of g is required, take g = 9.8 m s2.
When a calculator is used, the answer should be given to an appropriate degree of accuracy.

Information for Candidates

A booklet ‘Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables’ is provided.
Full marks may be obtained for answers to ALL questions.
There are 7 questions in this question paper.
The total mark for this paper is 75.

Advice to Candidates
You must ensure that your answers to parts of questions are clearly labelled.
You must show sufficient working to make your methods clear to the Examiner.
Answers without working may not gain full credit.

P40689A This publication may only be reproduced in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
©2012 Edexcel Limited.
1. Two particles A and B, of mass 5m kg and 2m kg respectively, are moving in opposite
directions along the same straight horizontal line. The particles collide directly. Immediately
before the collision, the speeds of A and B are 3 m s–1 and 4 m s–1 respectively. The direction
of motion of A is unchanged by the collision. Immediately after the collision, the speed of A
is 0.8 m s–1.

(a) Find the speed of B immediately after the collision.

(3)

In the collision, the magnitude of the impulse exerted on A by B is 3.3 N s.

(b) Find the value of m.

(3)

2.

Figure 1

A non-uniform rod AB has length 3 m and mass 4.5 kg. The rod rests in equilibrium, in a
horizontal position, on two smooth supports at P and at Q, where AP = 0.8 m and QB = 0.6 m,
as shown in Figure 1. The centre of mass of the rod is at G. Given that the magnitude of the
reaction of the support at P on the rod is twice the magnitude of the reaction of the support
at Q on the rod, find

(a) the magnitude of the reaction of the support at Q on the rod,

(3)
(b) the distance AG.
(4)

P40689A 2
3.

Figure 2

A box of mass 5 kg lies on a rough plane inclined at 30° to the horizontal. The box is held in
equilibrium by a horizontal force of magnitude 20 N, as shown in Figure 2. The force acts in a
vertical plane containing a line of greatest slope of the inclined plane.

The box is in equilibrium and on the point of moving down the plane. The box is modelled as
a particle.

Find

(a) the magnitude of the normal reaction of the plane on the box,
(4)
(b) the coefficient of friction between the box and the plane.
(5)

4. A car is moving on a straight horizontal road. At time t = 0, the car is moving with speed
20 m s–1 and is at the point A. The car maintains the speed of 20 m s–1 for 25 s. The car then
moves with constant deceleration 0.4 m s–2, reducing its speed from 20 m s–1 to 8 m s–1. The
car then moves with constant speed 8 m s–1 for 60 s. The car then moves with constant
acceleration until it is moving with speed 20 m s–1 at the point B.

(a) Sketch a speed-time graph to represent the motion of the car from A to B.
(3)
(b) Find the time for which the car is decelerating.
(2)

Given that the distance from A to B is 1960 m,

(c) find the time taken for the car to move from A to B.
(8)

P40689A 3
5. A particle P is projected vertically upwards from a point A with speed u m s–1. The point A
is 17.5 m above horizontal ground. The particle P moves freely under gravity until it reaches
the ground with speed 28 m s–1.

(a) Show that u = 21.

(3)

At time t seconds after projection, P is 19 m above A.

(b) Find the possible values of t.

(5)

The ground is soft and, after P reaches the ground, P sinks vertically downwards into the
ground before coming to rest. The mass of P is 4 kg and the ground is assumed to exert a
constant resistive force of magnitude 5000 N on P.

(c) Find the vertical distance that P sinks into the ground before coming to rest.
(4)

6. [In this question i and j are horizontal unit vectors due east and due north respectively and
position vectors are given with respect to a fixed origin.]

A ship S is moving with constant velocity (–12i + 7.5j) km h–1.

(a) Find the direction in which S is moving, giving your answer as a bearing.
(3)

At time t hours after noon, the position vector of S is s km. When t = 0, s = 40i – 6j.

(b) Write down s in terms of t.

(2)

A fixed beacon B is at the point with position vector (7i + 12.5j) km.

(c) Find the distance of S from B when t = 3.

(4)
(d) Find the distance of S from B when S is due north of B.
(4)

P40689A 4
7.

Figure 3

Two particles P and Q, of mass 0.3 kg and 0.5 kg respectively, are joined by a light horizontal
rod. The system of the particles and the rod is at rest on a horizontal plane.

At time t = 0, a constant force F of magnitude 4 N is applied to Q in the direction PQ, as

shown in Figure 3. The system moves under the action of this force until t = 6 s. During the
motion, the resistance to the motion of P has constant magnitude 1 N and the resistance to the
motion of Q has constant magnitude 2 N.

Find

(a) the acceleration of the particles as the system moves under the action of F,
(3)
(b) the speed of the particles at t = 6 s,
(2)
(c) the tension in the rod as the system moves under the action of F.
(3)

At t = 6 s, F is removed and the system decelerates to rest. The resistances to motion are
unchanged. Find

(d) the distance moved by P as the system decelerates,

(4)
(e) the thrust in the rod as the system decelerates.
(3)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

P40689A 5
 June 2012
6677 Mechanics M1
Mark Scheme

Question
Scheme Marks
Number

1.
3.3 N s 3.3 N s
A ( 5m ) B ( 2m )

Before
3m s −1 4 m s −1

After
0.8 m s −1 v m s −1

(a) CLM 5m × 3 − 2m × 4 = 5m × 0.8 + 2mv M1 A1

Leading to v = 1.5 ( Speed is 1.5 m s −1 ) A1 (3)

(b) Impulse for A 5m ( 0.8 − 3) = −3.3 M1 A1

Leading to m = 0.3 A1 (3)
[6]

Alternative for (b)

Impulse for B 2m(1.5 − −4) = 3.3 M1 A1
Leading to m = 0.3 A1 (3)

Question 1(a)
M1 for attempt at CLM equation, with correct no.of terms, correct masses and
dimensionally consistent. Allow consistent extra g’s , consistent missing m’s and sign errors. However, M0 if
masses are not paired with the correct speeds.
First A1 for a correct equation.
Second A1 for v = 1.5. (-1.5 A0)
N.B. Allow M1 for an attempt to equate the impulses on the particles but must have 5m (0.8 – 3) or 5m (3 –
0.8) on one side of the equation and 2m ( ± v ± 4 ) on the other.
Question 1(b)
M1 for attempt at impulse = difference in momenta, for either
particle, (must be considering one particle) (M0 if g’s are included or if mass omitted or if just m used)
Allow Initial Momentum – Final Momentum.
A1 cao (i.e. no ft on their v) for a correct equation in m only.
A1 for m = 0.3
 Question
Scheme Marks
Number

2.
2X X

A P G Q B

0.8 m 4.5g 0.6 m

(a) ↑ 2 X + X = 4.5 g M1 A1
3g
Leading to X = or 14.7 or 15 ( N ) A1 (3)
2

(b) M ( A) 4.5 g × AG = ( 2 X ) × 0.8 + X × 2.4 M1 A2 ft (1,0)

4
AG = ( m ) , 1.3, 1.33,... A1 (4)
3
[7]

Question 2(a)
First M1 for a complete method for finding RQ, either by resolving vertically, or taking moments twice, with
usual criteria (allow M1 even if RP =2RQ not substituted)
First A1 for a correct equation in either RQ or RP ONLY.
Second A1 for 1.5g or 14.7 or 15 (A0 for a negative answer)

Question 2(b)
First M1 for taking moments about any point, with usual criteria.
A2 ft for a correct equation (A1A0 one error, A0A0 for two or more errors, ignoring consistent omission of
g’s) in terms of X and their x (which may not be AG at this stage)
Third A1 for AG = 4/3, 1.3, 1.33,….. (any number of decimal places, since g cancels) need ‘AG =’ or x
marked on diagram

N.B. if RQ = 2RP throughout, mark as a misread as follows:

(a) M1A1A0 (resolution method) (b) M1A0A1A1, assuming all work follows through correctly..
 Question
Scheme Marks
Number

3.
R
µR
20

5g

30°

(a) ⊥ plane R = 20 cos 60° + 5 g cos 30° M1 A2(1,0)

= 52.4 ( N ) or 52 A1 (4)

(b) Fr = µ R B1
P plane F + 20 cos 30 = 5gcos60
o o M1 A2(1, 0)

Leading to µ = 0.137 or 0.14 A1 (5)

[9]

Question 3(a)
First M1 for resolving perpendicular to plane with usual criteria
First A2 for a correct equation (A1A0 one error, A0A0 for two or more errors)
Second A1 for either 52 or 52.4
N.B. In part (a), the M1 is for a complete method, so they must have sufficient equations to be able to solve
for R. The A2 marks are then for all the equations.

Question 3(b)
B1 for use of F=µR (could just be on diagram)
First M1 (allow if F is used rather than µR) for resolving parallel to the plane with usual criteria
First A2 for a correct equation (A1A0 one error, A0A0 for two or more errors)
Second A1 for either 0.14 or 0.137
N.B. If they resolve vertically AND horizontally, there are max 6 marks available (M1A2, M1A2) for the
TWO equations, but if they only have one equation, there are no marks available for that equation.
The marks for the horizontal resolution should be entered first on ePen.
 Question
Scheme Marks
Number

v ( m s −1 )
4. (a)
B1
B1
20
20, 8, 25 B1 (3)

O 25 t (s )

(b) v = u + at ⇒ 8 = 20 − 0.4t M1
t = 30 ( s ) A1 (2)

(c)

1960 = (25 x 20) +(30 x 8) + (½ x 30 x 12) + (60 x 8) + 8 x t + ½ x t x 12 M1A3 ft

(2 ,1, 0)

1960 = 500 + 240 + 180 + 480 + 14t DM1 A1

DM1
T = 115 + 40
A1
= 155
(8)
N.B. SEE ALTERNATIVES [13]

Question 4(a)
First B1 for 1st section of graph
Second B1 for 2nd section
Third B1 for the figures 20, 8 and 25

Question 4(b)
M1 for a complete method to produce an equation in t only; allow (20 – 8)/0.4
A1 for 30 N.B.
Give A0 for t = - 30, even if changed to 30, but then allow use of 30 in part (c), where full marks could then
be scored.
Question 4(c)
First M1 (generous) for clear attempt to find whole area under their graph (must include at least one “1/2”), in
terms of a single unknown time (t say),and equate it to 1960.
First A3, ft on their (b), for a correct equation.
Deduct 1 mark for each numerical error, or omission, in each of the 4 sections of the area corresponding to
each stage of the motion. (they may ‘slice’ it, horizontally into 3 sections, or a combination of the two)
Second DM1, dependent on first M1, for simplifying to produce an equation with all their t terms collected.
Fourth A1 for a correct equation for t or T
Third DM1, dependent on second M1. for solving for T
Fifth A1 155

Please note that any incorrect answer to (b) will lead to an answer of 155 in (c) and can score max 6/8;

Solutions with the correct answer of 155 will need to be checked carefully.

Solutions to 4 (c) N.B. t = T - 115

A. 1960 = (25 x 20) +(30 x 8) + (½ x 30 x 12) + (60 x 8) + 8 x t + ½ x t x 12 M1 A3 ft

1960 = 500 + 240 + 180 + 480 + 14t M1 A1
T = 115 + 40 M1
= 155 A1

B. 1960 = (25 x 20) + ½ x 30 x (20 + 8) + (60 x 8) + ½ x t x (20 + 8) M1 A3 ft

1960 = 500 + 420 + 480 + 14t M1 A1
T = 115 + 40 M1
= 155 A1

C. 1960 = 8T + ½ x 12 x (55 + 25) + ½ x 12 x (T – 115) M1 A3 ft

1960 = 8T + 480 + 6T - 690
1960 = 14T – 210 M1 A1
155 = T M1 A1

D. 1960 = 20T - ½ x 12 x (60 + T – 25) M1 A3 ft

1960 = 20T - 6T - 210
1960 = 14T – 210 M1 A1
155 = T M1 A1

E. 1960 = (55 x 20) - ½ x 30 x 12 + (60 x 8) + ½ x t x (20 + 8) M1 A3 ft

1960 = 1100 - 180 + 480 + 14t M1 A1
T = 115 + 40 M1
= 155 A1

F. 1960 = (8 x 115) + ½ x 12 x (55 + 25) + ½ x 28 x (T – 115) M1 A3 ft

1960 = 920 + 480 + 14T - 1610
1960 = 14T – 210 M1 A1
155 = T M1 A1
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

5. (a) v 2 = u 2 + 2as ⇒ 282 = u 2 + 2 × 9.8 × 17.5 M1 A1

Leading to u = 21  cso A1 (3)

1
(b) s = ut + at 2 ⇒ 19 = 21t − 4.9t 2 M1 A1
2
4.9t 2 − 21t + 19 = 0
21 ± 212 − 4x4.9.x19
t=
9.8

t = 2.99 or 3.0 DM1 A1 A1

t = 1.30 or 1.3 (5)

(c) N2L 4 g − 5000 = 4a M1 A1

( a = −1240.2 )
v = u + 2as ⇒ 02 = 282 − 2 × 1240.2 × s
2 2

Leading to s = 0.316 ( m ) or 0.32 M1 A1 (4)

[12]
OR
1
2 x 4 x 28 2 + 4gs = 5000s M1 A1
Work-Energy: s = 0.316 or 0.32 M1 A1
Question 5(a)
First M1 for a complete method for finding u e.g.
28 2 = u 2 + 2gx17.5
or 28 2 = u 2 + 2(-g)x(-17.5)
or 28 2 = 2gs ⇒ s = 40 then 0 2 = u 2 + 2(-g)x(22.5)
condone sign errors
First A1 for a correct equation(s) with g = 9.8
Second A1 for “u = 21” PRINTED ANSWER
N.B. Allow a verification method, but they must state, as a conclusion, that “u = 21” , to score the final A1.

Question 5(b)
First M1 for a complete method for finding at least one t value i.e. for producing an equation in t only.
(condone sign errors but not missing terms)
First A1 for a correct quadratic equation in t only or TWO correct linear equations in t only.
Second DM1, dependent on first M1, for attempt to solve the quadratic or one of the linear equations.
Second A1 for 3.0 or 3 or 2.99
Third A1 for 1.3 or 1.30

Question 5(c)
First M1 for resolving vertically with usual rules.
First A1 for a correct equation
Second M1 for use of v = u + 2as , with v = 0, u = 28 or u = 0 and v = 28 and their a, (or any other complete
2 2

method which produces an equation in s,which could be negative)

M0 if they haven’t calculated a value of a.
Second A1 for 0.32 or 0.316. (must be positive since it’s a distance)
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

7.5
6. (a) arctan = 32° M1 A1
12
Bearing is 302 (allow more accuracy) A1 (3)

(b) s = 40i − 6 j + t ( −12i + 7.5 j) M1 A1 (2)

(c) t = 3, s = 4i + 16.5 j M1
s − b = −3i + 4 j M1
( 2
)
SB = √ ( −3) + 42 = 5 ( km ) DM1 A1 (4)

(d) Equating i components

40 − 12t = 7 or - 33 +12t = 0 M1
3
t=2 A1
4

3 5
When t = 2 , s = ( 7i ) + 14 j M1
4 8
1
SB = 2 ( km ) 2.125, 2.13 A1 (4)
8
[13]
3
OR When t = 2 , 7.5 t - 18.5 = 2.125, 2.13 M1 A1
4
Question 6(a)
±7.5
arctan( )
First M1 for ±12 either way up
First A1 for a correct value from their expression, usually 32o or 58o
Second A1 for 302 (allow more accurate answers)

Question 6(b)
M1 for a clear attempt at (40i – 6j)+t(-12i + 7.5j)
A1 for any correct expression

Question 6(c)
First M1 is really B1 for 4i + 16.5j (seen or implied but can be in unsimplified form)
Second M1 is for a subtraction, s – b or b – s.
Third DM1, dependent on second M1, for finding magnitude of their s – b or b – s
A1 for 5

Question 6(d)
First M1 for equating i-component of their answer in part (b) to 7 or
the i-component of their s – b or b – s to zero

First A1 for 2.75 cao

Second M1 (independent) for attempt to find j-component of their s at their
t = 2.75
Second A1 2.125 or 2.13 cao
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

7.
P ( 0.3 kg ) Q ( 0.5 kg )
TN TN 4N

1N 2N

(a) For system N2L 4 − 3 = 0.8a M1 A1

a = 1.25 ( m s −2 ) , 1.3 A1 (3)

(b) v = u + at ⇒ v = 0 + 1.25 × 6 = 7.5 ( m s −1 ) M1 A1 (2)

(c) For P N2L T − 1 = 0.3 × 1.25 ft their a M1 A1ft

T = 1.375 ( N ) 1.38, 1.4
A1 (3)
OR For Q N2L 4 - 2 – T = 0.5 x 1.25

P ( 0.3 kg ) Q ( 0.5 kg )
T′ T′

1N 2N

(d) For system N2L −3 = 0.8a ⇒ a = −3.75 M1 A1

v = u + 2as ⇒ 0 = 7.5 − 2 × 3.75s
2 2 2 2
M1
s = 7.5 ( m ) A1 (4)

(e) For P N2L T ′ + 1 = 0.3 × 3.75 M1 A1

T ′ = 0.125 ( N ) , 0.13 A1 (3)
[15]

Alternative for (e)

For Q N2L 2 − T ′ = 0.5 × 3.75 M1 A1
T ′ = 0.125 ( N ) , 0.13 A1 (3)
Question 7(a)(In parts (a), (c), (d) and (e) use the value of the mass being used to guide you as to which
part of the system is being considered, and mark equation(s) accordingly)
M1 for resolving horizontally to produce an equation in a ONLY.
First A1 for a correct equation
Second A1 for 1.25

Question 7(b)
M1 for a complete method to find the speed
A1 cao 7.5

Question 7(c)
M1 for resolving horizontally, for either P or Q, to produce an equation in T only.
First A1ft for a correct equation,ft on their a
Second A1 cao for 1.38 (N) or 1.375 (N)

Question 7(d)
First M1 for resolving horizontally to produce an equation in a ONLY.
First A1cao for -3.75 (or 3.75)
Second M1 for use of v = u + 2as , with v = 0, u= their (b) and their a, (or any other complete method which
2 2

produces an equation in s only)

M0 if they haven’t calculated a value of a.
Second A1 for 7.5 m

Question 7(e)
M1 for resolving horizontally, for either P or Q, to produce an equation in T only.
M0 if they haven’t calculated a value of a
First A1cao for a correct equation
Second A1 cao for 0.125 or 0.13 (N) (must be positive)