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Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

This document is an assignment submission from Sourav Sutradhar to Dr. Engr. Salma Akhter at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. It provides short notes on ASTM D5 and ASTM D36 test methods for determining the penetration and softening point of bituminous materials. ASTM test methods are industry standards used worldwide to evaluate petroleum products. ASTM D5 measures the consistency of bitumen using a needle penetration test, while ASTM D36 uses a ring and ball apparatus to determine the temperature at which a bitumen sample softens. The softening point is useful for classifying and comparing bitumens.

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Sourav Sutradhar
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48 views

Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

This document is an assignment submission from Sourav Sutradhar to Dr. Engr. Salma Akhter at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. It provides short notes on ASTM D5 and ASTM D36 test methods for determining the penetration and softening point of bituminous materials. ASTM test methods are industry standards used worldwide to evaluate petroleum products. ASTM D5 measures the consistency of bitumen using a needle penetration test, while ASTM D36 uses a ring and ball apparatus to determine the temperature at which a bitumen sample softens. The softening point is useful for classifying and comparing bitumens.

Uploaded by

Sourav Sutradhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science


Assignment No: 02
Course name: Petroleum Refining Engineering
Course Code: CEP-485

Submitted To:
Dr. Engr. Salma Akhter
Professor
Dept. of CEP, SUST

Submitted By:
Sourav Sutradhar
Reg. No: 2016332005
Session: 2016-17
Dept. Of CEP, SUST.

Date of submission: 30-09-2020


Short notes on ASTM D5 and ASTM D36

The letters “ASTM” used to stand for the American Society for Testing and Materials.
ASTM test methods are petroleum industry standards, accepted worldwide for quality and
reliability.
ASTM test methods for petroleum and refined products include:

 Petroleum and Petrochemical Test Directory


 ASTM Tests for Petroleum, Fuels and Petrochemicals
 Petroleum Trace Analysis
 Oil Condition Tests
 Automotive Research ASTM Tests

ASTM D36 / D36M: Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen
(Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)

This test method covers the determination of the softening point of bitumen in the range from 30
to 157 °C [86 to 315 °F] using the ring-and-ball apparatus immersed in distilled water [30 to 80 
°C] or USP glycerin (above 80 to 157 °C).

The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be
used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
nonconformance with the standard.

Significance and Use:

 Bitumen’s are viscoelastic materials without sharply defined melting points; they
gradually become softer and less viscous as the temperature rises. For this reason,
softening points must be determined by an arbitrary and closely defined method if results
are to be reproducible.
 The softening point is useful in the classification of bitumen’s, as one element in
establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply, and is indicative of the
tendency of the material to flow at elevated temperatures encountered in service.
ASTM D5 / D5M: Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous
Materials

This test method covers determination of the penetration of semi-solid and solid bituminous
materials.
The needles, containers, and other conditions described in this test method provide for the
determinations of penetrations up to 500.

The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be
used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
nonconformance with the standard.

The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material.
These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as
requirements of the standard.

Significance and Use:

 The penetration test is used as a measure of consistency. Higher values of penetration


indicate softer consistency.

Penetration Index: The penetration index (PI) indicates temperature susceptibility of bitumen. It


judges the quality of bitumen. Arbitraty Estimation of P.I is possible if Softening point is known.

Softening Point: The softening point is defined as the mean of the temperatures at which the bitumen
disks soften and sag downwards a distance of 25 mm under the weight of a steel ball.

SCOPE & SIGNIFICANCE:

1-     This method is useful in determining the consistency of bitumen as one element in establishing the
uniformity of shipments or sources of supply.
2-     Softening point is the temperature at which the bituminous binders have an equal viscosity (i.e. the
consistency of all the grades will be same at the softening point e.g. if two samples have softening points
of 40 °C and 80 °C respectively, both will have the same consistency at their softening point.).
3-     The test gives an idea of the temperature at which the bituminous materials attain a certain viscosity.
4-     Bitumen with higher softening point may be preferred in warmer places.
5-      Softening point should be higher than the hottest day temperature, which is anticipated in that area
otherwise bitumen may sufficiently soften and result in bleeding and development of ruts.

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